1、Designation: C654M 11Standard Specification forPorous Concrete Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C654M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers porous nonreinforced concretepipe for use in u
3、nderdrains.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specifi-cation C654.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC150 Specification for Portland CementC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or Tile MetricC595 Specification for Ble
4、nded Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcre
5、te3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shallbe of two classes identified as “Standard-Strength PorousNonreinforced Concrete Pipe” and “Extra-Strength PorousNonrein
6、forced Concrete Pipe.”5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by theresults of the strength and porosity or rate of infiltration tests,and by inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms tothis specification as to design and freedom from defects.5.2 The pipe
7、shall be acceptable under the strength testswhen they have met the requirements as prescribed in Section10.5.3 Acceptance as to Infiltration PropertiesPipe shall beacceptable under the infiltration test when all test pipe conformto the test requirements as prescribed in Section 10.6. Materials6.1 Co
8、ncreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitiousmaterials, mineral aggregates, and water.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement, or slag-modified portland cement, orportlan
9、d-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595, except that the pozzolan constituent in theType IP portlandpozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Sla
10、g (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag
11、 cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not toexceed 25 %
12、of the total cementitious weight) and groundgranulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 onNon-Reinforced Concrete Sewer,
13、Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C654M 05a. DOI:10.1520/C0654M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
14、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specificati
15、onC33 except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsOwner is not prohibited fromobtaining the record of mix design used.6.5 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypro-pylene fibers are not prohibited in concrete pipe as a nonstruc-tural manufacturing mat
16、erial. Only Type III synthetic fibersdesigned and manufactured specifically for use in concrete andconforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall beaccepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesDesign requirements shall be in accor-dance with Table 1 and Table 2 and Fig. 1. Wall thickness usedshal
17、l be not less than the value shown, except as affected by thetolerance herein specified.8. Joints8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of theconcrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with thepermissible variations gi
18、ven in Section 7.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, propor-tioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitiousmaterials and water as will produce a homogeneous concretemixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the testand design requirements of this speci
19、fication.9.2 CuringPipe shall be subjected to any one of themethods of curing described in 9.2.1 through 9.2.3,ortoanyother method or combination of methods approved by theowner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall becured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete willdevel
20、op the specified strength requirement at 28 days or less.9.2.1 Steam CuringPipe shall be placed in a curingchamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moistatmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such timeand at such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meetthe strength requ
21、irements. The curing chamber shall be con-structed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entirepipe.9.2.2 Water CuringConcrete pipe shall be water-cured bycovering with water-saturated material or by a system ofperforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by anyother approved
22、method that will keep the pipe moist during thespecified curing period.9.2.3 The manufacturer has the option to combine themethods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specifiedstrength is attained.9.3 Specials:9.3.1 General RequirementsSpecial shapes or fittingssuch as wyes, tees, bends, and a
23、dapters for use with concretepipe conforming to this specification shall be made of porousor nonporous concrete in such manner as will provide strengthat least equal to the class of the adjacent pipe to which they arejoined; and shall conform to all other requirements specifiedfor pipe of correspond
24、ing class and internal diameter, exceptminimum infiltration. Joints shall be the same type as used inthe adjoining pipe.9.3.2 Wyes and TeesFabricated branches for wyes andtees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe and shallbe flush with the inside surface of the pipe.10. Physical Requir
25、ements10.1 Test SpecimenThe specified number of pipe requiredfor the tests shall be furnished by the manufacturer and shall beselected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that wouldnot otherwise be rejected under this specification. The selectionTABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements of
26、 PorousConcrete PipeInternalDesignatedDiameter,DMinimumAWallThickness,TMinimumLayingLengthAMinimumSocketDepth, LsMinimumStrengthThree-Edge-BearingMinimumInfiltrationmm mm mm mm kN/m L/sm100 25 600 25 14.5 0.8150 25 600 25 16.0 1.0200 32 600 32 19.0 1.5250 35 600 35 20.5 2.0300 38 600 38 22.0 2.5375
27、44 600 44 25.5 3.0450 50 600 50 29.0 3.5525 57 600 57 32.0 4.0600 63 600 63 35.0 4.5ANormally the minimum laying length is 600 mm in length, but if the owner hasno objections, then 450-mm length pipe up to 300 mm in diameter shall beacceptable.TABLE 2 Physical and Dimensional Requirements of Extra-S
28、trength Porous Concrete PipeInternalDesignatedDiameter,DMinimumAWallThickness,TMinimumLayingLengthAMinimumSocketDepth, LsMinimumStrengthThree-Edge-BearingMinimumInfiltrationmm mm mm mm kN/m L/sm150 32 600 32 32.0 1.0200 38 600 38 38.0 1.5250 41 600 41 41.0 2.0300 50 600 50 44.0 2.5375 57 600 57 46.5
29、 3.0450 63 600 63 46.5 3.5ANormally the minimum laying length is 600 mm in length, but if the owner hasno objections, then 450-mm length pipe up to 300 mm in diameter shall beacceptable.TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Dimensions of PorousConcrete PipeLimits of Permissible VariationInternalDesignat
30、edDiameter,WallThickness,ALength,TwoOppositeSidesLength, Depth ofSocket,Amm mm mm mm/m mm100 2 6 20 3150 2 6 20 3200 2 8 20 6250 2 10 20 6300 2 10 20 6375 2 11 20 6450 2 13 20 6525 3 14 20 6600 3 14 31 6AThe minus sign () indicates that the plus variation is not limited.C654M 112shall be made at the
31、 point or points designated by the ownerwhen placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed fromall visible moisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured andinspected. The results of these observations shall be recorded.10.2 Number and Type of Test SpecimensThe manufac-turer shall furnish p
32、ipe for crushing tests, up to 0.5 % of thenumber of pipe of each size included in the order, except thatin no case shall less than two pipes be furnished.10.3 External Load Crushing RequirementsThe crushingstrength of porous nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conformto the requirements prescribed in
33、Table 1 and Table 2. Theindividual results of the various tests for each size of pipe andfor each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately. Thecrushing strength shall ordinarily be applied to not less than75 % of the pipe received for purpose of test. All tests shall bemade in accordance wit
34、h Test Methods C497M. Pipe shall beacceptable when all test pipe conform to the specified strengthrequirement. Should any of the test pipe provided in 10.2 failto meet the strength requirement, the manufacturer will beallowed to test two pipe for each pipe that failed, and the pipeshall be acceptabl
35、e only when all of these additional test pipemeet the strength requirement.10.4 Infiltration RequirementInfiltration (or porosity)shall conform to the requirements in Table 1 or Table 2.10.4.1 The test pipe shall be placed with a spigot end downon a soft rubber nonpermeable mat, or its equivalent, a
36、ndweighted or clamped down if necessary to prevent the escapeof water through the spigot end of the pipe.10.4.2 Water shall be introduced into the pipe, and thedistance above the bottom of the porous section at which thewater level becomes constant shall be determined. The rate offlow shall be at le
37、ast equal to the required minimum infiltrationfor1mofpipe as given in Table 1 or Table 2.10.4.3 The rate of infiltration per metre of pipe shall bedetermined as follows:LITRES/s 5 L/h (1)where:LITRES/s = infiltration rate in litres per second per metreof pipe,L = litres per second of flow introduced
38、 into thetest pipe, andh = height in metres from the bottom of theporous section of the pipe at which the levelof water becomes constant.10.5 Test EquipmentThe manufacturer shall furnish allequipment, facilities, and personnel necessary to perform at hisplant the tests specified in Section 10. In th
39、e event that theowner elects to have tests performed at any other location, themanufacturer will not be required to furnish equipment, facili-ties, nor personnel.11. Permissible Variations11.1 Permissible variations from the dimensions describedin Table 1 and Table 2 shall not exceed those stated in
40、 Table 3and 11.2. This is not to be construed, however, that heavierwall thickness pipe cannot be furnished at the option of themanufacturer. Pipe intended to be straight shall not havevariation in alignment of more than 10 mm/m of length.11.2 Internal DiameterSee Table 4.At the manufacturersoption,
41、 the internal diameter shall be one of two alternatives,the Designated Diameter or the Converted English Diameter.Pipe sections that are intended to be jointed to each other shallbe furnished with the same internal diameter alternative. Theinternal diameter of pipe manufactured to the DesignatedDiam
42、eters shall vary not more than 63 mm from the Desig-nated Diameter for 100 mm and 150 mm and 66 mm for largerpipe. The internal diameter of pipe manufactured to theConverted English Diameters shall vary not more than 63mmFIG. 1 Joint DimensionsTABLE 4 Internal DiametersDesignatedDiameter, mmEqivalen
43、t EnglishDiameter, in.Converted EnglishDiameter, mm100 4 102150 6 152200 8 203250 10 254300 12 305375 15 381450 18 457525 21 533600 24 610C654M 113from the Converted English Diameter for 102 mm and 152 mmand 66 mm for larger pipe. For pipe manufactured to Con-verted English Diameters, the correspond
44、ing Designated Di-ameter shown in Table 4 shall apply for all other requirementsof this specification.12. Repairs12.1 Pipe repaired because of imperfections in manufactureor damage during handling will be acceptable, if in the opinionof the owner, the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements ofthi
45、s specification.13. Inspection13.1 The quality of all materials, the process of manufac-ture, and the finished pipe shall be subject to the inspection andapproval by the owner. Such inspection shall be performedeither at the point of manufacture or delivery.14. Rejection14.1 Pipe shall be subject to
46、 rejection on account of failureto conform to any of the specification requirements. It is notprohibited for individual sections of pipe to be rejected becauseof any of the following:14.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall or joints,except that a single crack not exceeding 50 mm in lengt
47、h ateither end of a pipe or a single fracture in the joints notexceeding 75 mm in width nor more than 50 mm in length shallnot be considered cause for rejection unless these defects existin more than 5 % of the entire shipment or delivery.14.1.2 The planes of the ends of the pipe are not perpen-dicu
48、lar to the longitudinal axis, subject to the limits of variationas shown in Table 3.14.1.3 Defects that indicate mixing and molding not inaccordance with 9.1.14.1.4 Cracks sufficient to impair the strength, durability, orserviceability of the pipe.15. Product Marking15.1 The letters “ES” shall be le
49、gibly stamped with water-proof ink, or other permanent matter, on all extra-strengthporous concrete pipe.16. Keywords16.1 concrete pipe; nonreinforced; porous; underdrainsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject
