1、Designation: C655M 15C655M 18Standard Specification forReinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, andSewer Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C655M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This speci
3、fication covers reinforced concrete pipe designed for specific D-loads and intended to be used for the conveyanceof sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C655; therefore, no inch-pound equivalents a
4、re presented in thisspecification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to the requirements of C655 are acceptable under this Specification C655Munless prohibited by the Owner.NOTE 1Experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe st
5、rength, the type ofbedding and backfill, the care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications, and provision for adequate inspection at the constructionsite. This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, the relationship between field load conditions a
6、nd the strength designation ofpipe, or durability under unusual environmental conditions. These requirements should be included in the project specification.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Dec
7、ision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA615/A615M Specification for D
8、eformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteC33/C33M Specification for Conc
9、rete AggregatesC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods fo
10、r Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement
11、 for Use in Concrete and MortarsC990M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants(Metric)C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced
12、ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on Reinforced Sewerand Culvert Pipe.Current edition app
13、roved Oct. 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2015October 2018. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asC655M 14.C655M 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0655M-15.10.1520/C0655M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Servi
14、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous
15、 version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes
16、 section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1628 Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber GasketsE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials3.
17、 Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe design shall be determined in accordance with Section 9. After the pipe design has beenaccepted, or if the pipe design has been accepted previou
18、sly in accordance with Section 9, the owner may select and have appliedthe basis of acceptance described in either 4.1.1 or 4.1.2. Unless designated by the owner at the time of, or before placing an order,either basis of acceptance shall be permitted.4.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Pipe Load and Ma
19、terial Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for DefectsDeterminein accordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 10.NOTE 2It is necessary that samples be selected at random. For guidance see Practice E105.4.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Concrete Compression and Materials Tests and Inspection of Manufa
20、ctured Pipe forDefectsDetermine in accordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 11.4.2 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements.5. Design and Manufacturing Data5.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following information regarding the pipe unless
21、 waived by the owner:5.1.1 Basis of acceptance.5.1.2 Pipe design strength.5.1.3 Physical CharacteristicsDiameter, wall thickness, laying length, and joint details.5.1.4 Design concrete strength; minimum f c equals 27.6 MPa.5.1.5 Admixtures.5.1.6 Reinforcement:5.1.6.1 Type of reinforcement, applicabl
22、e reinforcement specification, and grade.5.1.6.2 Placement, placement tolerances, diameter, spacing and cross-sectional area of circumferential, longitudinal, and specialreinforcement.5.1.7 Manufacturing and curing process.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials:6.1.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinfo
23、rced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, ifused, and water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.1.2 Cementitious Materials:6.1.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement
24、 of Specification C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.1.2.2 Fly AshF
25、ly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.1.2.3 Slag CementSlag Cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.6.1.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used i
26、n the concreteshall be one of the following:(1) Portland cement only,(2) Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,(3) Portland-pozzolan cement only,(4) Portland-limestone cement only,(5) A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,(6) A combination of portland cement or
27、portland-limestone cement and slag cement,(7) A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement and fly ash, or(8) A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.1.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M, except that the re
28、quirement forgradation shall not apply.6.1.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends are allowable:6.1.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.1.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.1.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing c
29、oncrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; andC655M 1826.1.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.1.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of wire and welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M,or of bars conforming to Specification A36/A36M, Specification
30、 A615/A615M Grade 280 or 420, or Specification A706/A706M,Grade 420. For helically wound cages only, weld shear tests are not required.6.1.6 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing mater
31、ial. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall beaccepted.6.2 Manufacture:6.2.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, a
32、nd mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials,water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test anddesign requirements of this specification.All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceedin
33、g 0.53 by weight.Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.1 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m3 unlessmix designs with a lower cementitious material content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet therequirements of this specification.
34、6.2.1.1 Mixing WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or nonpotable water that meets therequirements of Specification C1602/C1602M.6.2.2 Reinforcement:6.2.2.1 PlacementReinforcement shall be placed as indicated in 5.1.6.2, subject to the tolerances given in 8.2.2. Minimumdesi
35、gn protective cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the barrel of the pipe shall be 25 mm for wallthicknesses of 63 mm or greater, and 19 mm for wall thicknesses less than 63 mm, subject to the tolerances given in 8.2.2.6.2.2.2 SplicesThe strength of the pipe shall not be adver
36、sely affected by the splice.6.2.2.3 SpacingThe spacing center-to-center of adjacent rings of circumferential reinforcement in a cage shall not exceed 100mm for pipe with a wall thickness up to and including 100 mm and shall not exceed the wall thickness or 150 mm, whichever issmaller, for larger pip
37、e.6.2.3 JointsThe joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections arelaid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free of appreciable irregularities in the flow line, allcompatible with the permissible variat
38、ions given in Section 8. Joints shall conform to the requirements of Specifications C443M,C990M, and C1628, or other established joint types approved by the owner, including, but not limited to, mortar, sealant orexternally-wrapped joints.6.2.4 Lift HolesWhen agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or h
39、oles shall be allowed to be provided in each pipe for the purposeof handling.7. Physical Requirements7.1 StrengthThe design strength designation of the pipe shall be the D-load to produce the 0.3-mm crack when tested inaccordance with Test Methods C497M. The relationship of ultimate strength D-load
40、to the design strength D-load shall bedetermined using a factor of 1.5 for design strength designations up to 100 N/mmm of diameter, a factor varying in linearproportion from 1.5 to 1.25 for design strength designations from 100 N/mmm through 150 N/mmm, and a factor of 1.25 fordesign strength design
41、ations in excess of 150 N/mmm.NOTE 3As used in this specification, the 0.3-mm crack is a test criterion for pipe tested in three-edge bearing test and is not intended as an indicationof overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions.NOTE 4Ultimate strength of concrete pipe in the buried cond
42、ition is dependent on varying soil bedding factors and varying failure modes and shallnot necessarily have a relationship to the ultimate strength as defined under three-edge bearing conditions.7.2 Test Equipment and FacilitiesThe manufacturer shall furnish without charge all samples, facilities, an
43、d personnelnecessary to carry out the tests required by this specification.7.3 Pipe Load TestsThe tests for crushing strength, when required, shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497M.When alternative methods of load testing are specified, tests shall be made in accordance with the alterna
44、tive requirements.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 Standard DiametersPipe shall be manufactured in the standard inside diameters listed in Table 1.TABLE 1 Standard Designated Inside Diameter, mm300 600 900 1500 2100 2700 3300375 675 1050 1650 2250 2850 3450450 750 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600
45、525 825 1350 1950 2550 3150C655M 183NOTE 5Diameters other than those shown in Table 1 and diameters larger than 3600 mm are possibly available. When such sizes are required, theowner should contact the manufacturers in the area.8.2 Design TolerancesExcept as specified in this section, all permissibl
46、e design tolerances shall be given in Section 5.8.2.1 Diameter TolerancesPermissible variations in the internal diameter are as prescribed in Table 2.8.2.2 Reinforcement Placement TolerancesThe maximum variation in the nominal position of the reinforcement shall be610 % of the wall thickness or 16 m
47、m, whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the position of the reinforcement exceedingthose specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge-bearing strength requirements obtained on a representative sample aremet. In no case, however, shall the cover over the circumferential reinforcemen
48、t be less than 16 mm.8.2.3 Length of Two Opposite SidesVariations in the laying length of two opposite sides of pipe shall not be more than 6 mmfor all sizes through 600 mm internal diameter, and not more than 10 mm/m of internal diameter for all larger sizes, with amaximum of 16 mm in any pipe thro
49、ugh 2100 mm internal diameter, and a maximum of 19 mm for 2250 mm internal diameteror larger, except where beveled-end pipe for laying on curves is specified by the owner.8.2.4 Length of PipeThe underrun in length of a section of pipe shall not be more than 10 mm/m with a maximum of 13 mmin any length of pipe.8.2.5 Wall Thickness TolerancesThe wall thickness shall be not less than the nominal specified in the design given in 5.1.3.1by more than 5 % or 5 mm, whichever is greater.Awall thickness more than that required in the design is n
