1、Designation: C 667 01Standard Specification forPrefabricated Reflective Insulation Systems for Equipmentand Pipe Operating at Temperatures above Ambient Air1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 667; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for all metalprefabricated, r
3、eflective insulation systems for equipment andpiping operating at temperatures above ambient in air. Typicalapplications are in nuclear power-generating plants and indus-trial plants.1.2 Reflective insulation is thermal insulation that reducesradiant heat transfer across spaces by the use of surface
4、s ofhigh reflectance and low emittance.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresp
5、onsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-als2C 335 Test Method for Steady-Sta
6、te Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Horizontal Pipe Insulation2C 411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation2C 835 Test Method for Total Hemispherical Emittance ofSurfaces from 20 to 1400C2C 854 Test for Resistance to External Loads on MetalReflective Pipe Insulati
7、on3C 1033 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Prop-erties of Pipe Insulation Installed Vertically2C 1061 Test Method for Thermal Transmission Propertiesof Non-Homogeneous Insulation Panels Installed Verti-cally43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terms relating to thermal insulation materials
8、 andtesting are in accordance with Terminology C 168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 convection stopsseals used to reduce convectionlosses.3.2.2 end supportsstructural members placed at the end ofa unit of insulation and fastened to both the inner and outercase. Their primar
9、y purpose is to increase the structuralintegrity of the unit.3.2.3 inner casethe innermost sheet of the unit of insula-tion (closest to the hot surface). It may perform structuralfunctions in addition to its thermal functions.3.2.4 insulation assemblyan assembly of insulation unitsarranged and secur
10、ed together in a prescribed order thatcomprises the complete insulation for a vessel, pump, pipeline,or other component for a single design objective.3.2.5 insulation systema collection of insulation assem-blies, that when secured together in a prescribed order, com-prises the complete insulation fo
11、r a vessel, pump, pipeline, orother component for a single design objective.3.2.6 lap strapsstrips that overlap a longitudinal or cir-cumferential joint in the insulation which aligns adjacentinsulation units and may also serve to restrict air infiltrationand convection losses and to shed external f
12、alling water. Theymay be integral with one piece of the outer case or separatestrips secured to it.3.2.7 outer casethe outermost sheet or the unit of insula-tion (farthest from the hot surface). It usually performsstructural functions in addition to its thermal functions.3.2.8 penetrationsopenings i
13、n a unit of insulation fromthe cold surface through to the hot surface.3.2.9 reflective linersthose reflective sheets or foil inter-posed between the inner and outer case to reflect radiantenergy, to minimize emission of radiant energy, and to restrictinternal convection.1This specification is under
14、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 onReflective Insulation.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originallypublished as C 667-92. last previous edition C 667-92 (1996)e1.2Annual Book of ASTM
15、Standards, Vol 04.06.3Discontinued. See 1997 Annual Book of ASTM Standard, Vol 04.06.4Discontinued. See 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standard, Vol 04.06.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.10 thickness(see Fig. 1).3.2.11
16、unit of insulationa single structurally independentassembly of inner case, outer case, reflective liners, and endsupports (if required).4. Ordering Information4.1 Ordering information should include the following:4.1.1 Service requirements including operating hot surfacetemperature, expected ambient
17、 temperatures, and ambient airvelocities,4.1.2 Expected service life and any special environmentalexposures,4.1.3 Permitted average heat loss per unit of cold surface oras otherwise specified,4.1.4 Personnel exposure surface temperature limitations,4.1.5 Expected seismic, loading, and vibration expo
18、sures,4.1.6 Purchasers systems and equipment drawings,4.1.7 Limits, if any, on size, maximum thickness, weight, ornumber of insulation units requiring removal for inspection,4.1.8 Location of components or maintenance, or both, andsystems requiring removal of units for inspections,4.1.9 Any unusual
19、operating or test conditions, and4.1.10 Cleanliness level required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Each insulation unit is a rigid, self-contained, prefabri-cated metal construction comprised of an inner casing and anouter casing, and if needed, one or more reflective linerssupported and spaced so a
20、s to minimize internal convectionand conduction. These parts are arranged to form a durablerigid assembly with separated air spaces between the inner andouter casing and the individual reflective liners.5.2 The reflective insulation described herein is limited tosystems of insulating units, designed
21、 by the manufacturer to fitthe equipment or piping to be insulated, and engineered for thepurchasers service requirements.5.3 All parts of reflective insulation units should be made ofmetals that meet the thermal, physical, and chemical require-ments not only of the insulation as a unit, but also as
22、 anassembly of units forming the insulation system. The materialsshall perform their functions for the service life specified andbe compatible with the environment in which they will be used.6. Temperature Limitations6.1 Each insulation unit must effectively limit the flow ofheat through the insulat
23、ion by radiation, convection, andconduction. The reflective liners (also referred to as radiationshields) are made of metals having low surface emittance andhigh surface reflectance. The emittance should be testedaccording to Test Method C 835. The number and spacing ofthe liners are determined by t
24、he required limitation of heatflow.6.2 The temperature limits of various materials should bebased on the potential increase in radiant heat transfer acrossspaces due to a reduction in reflectance and a correspondingincrease in emittance resulting from surface oxidation. Indi-vidual components of the
25、 insulation system which will beelevated to a temperature of 750F (400C) or higher shouldFIG. 1 Illustration of Terms Relating to Prefabricated Reflective Insulation SystemsC 6672not be made of aluminum or aluminum alloys. If componentswill be elevated to 1200F (649C) or higher, Type 300 seriesauste
26、nitic stainless steel should be used. Other materials andalloys are available for use over 1200F (649C).6.3 A representative unit or assembly shall be tested inaccordance with Test Method C 411.7. Thermal Performance7.1 The purchase specification should clearly indicate thepermissible average rate o
27、f heat loss per unit area for each typeof surface. The tests should be in accordance with Test MethodC 335 for horizontal pipes, Test Method C 1033 for verticalpipes, or Test Method C 1061 for flat surfaces, or a test methodas agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer.7.2 Due to the limitat
28、ion of present configurations of reflec-tive insulation, those being flat, cone and cylindrical, there canbe a significant difference between the hot equipment surfacearea and the outer case area. Therefore, the thermal perfor-mance for equipment should be referenced to the area of theouter case, un
29、less otherwise specified. To be consistent, theouter case area shall also be used for pipe, unless otherwisespecified.7.3 Thermal performance of pipe insulation per unit of coldsurface area may be obtained by multiplying transference (T)or conductance (C) as reported by Test Methods C 335 orC 1033,
30、by ratio of the radii of the insulation outer surface (r2)and the test pipe (ro). Example:Cc 5 C 3 ro/r2(1)where:Cc = conductance based on the area of the insulation (coldsurface).7.4 Heat loss shall include consideration of insulation ori-entation (horizontal or vertical) and the insulation joint d
31、esign.7.5 The specification should not limit both heat loss throughinsulation and outer case temperature at the same time. Ifpersonnel exposure to high surface temperatures is consideredto be a danger in limited areas, those areas should be explicitlyidentified with the maximum allowable surface tem
32、peratureand the ambient design conditions, and one or more of thefollowing alternatives may be required.7.5.1 External guarding,7.5.2 Additional insulation,7.5.3 High emittance outer case, or7.5.4 Other acceptable techniques agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.7.6 During the field inst
33、allation, there may be areas wherethe insulation thickness must be reduced, or insulation sectionseliminated altogether, due to obstructions or other interfer-ences. The increased heat loss associated with these modifica-tions must be identified.8. Design and Construction8.1 The insulation shall be
34、metal construction and shallform a system of prefabricated insulation units in integratedassemblies designed to fit the surfaces to be insulated withallowance for thermal expansion and contraction.8.2 Insulation shall be designed to fit the specified surface,being insulated as necessary to limit hea
35、t losses due toconvection and conduction. Insulation shall be manufacturedso that edges or projections do not cause damage to the surfaceof the insulated pipe or equipment.8.3 Insulation units shall have end (or edge) supports andconvection stops at intervals as required to limit convectiveheat loss
36、. Insulation units shall have banded and sealed ends,lapped or stepped ends, or a purchaser approved design thatminimizes heat leakage at joints. Gaps required for thermalexpansion or for internal unit construction are permitted whenapproved by the purchaser.8.4 Insulation units and assemblies shall
37、 have the strengthand rigidity to withstand specified seismic forces, and theoperational loading and vibration requirements. Each unit shallhave strength and rigidity to hold its internal parts in its spacialrelationship without bunching or matting. Resistance to exter-nal loads should be determined
38、 by the use of Test Method C854.8.5 Insulation units and assemblies shall have provisions toretard entrance of liquids and to drain condensate, moisture, orother liquids from spill or other exposures specified in theordering information.8.6 Units shall have provisions to prevent internal pressurebui
39、ld-up.8.7 Attachments, fasteners, and interlocking constructionshall hold the insulation units firmly in place in the assembliesunder all specified operating and test conditions. Locations ofsuch items on interchangeable insulation units shall bematched.8.8 Provisions shall be included for mating in
40、sulation tobranch piping insulation at valves, pumps, and noncylindricalsections for penetrations through the insulation for instrumen-tation or other purposes.9. Installation and Removal9.1 Individual or groups of removable insulation units shallbe provided for examination of component surfaces at
41、loca-tions shown on purchasers drawings, or as otherwise specifiedor agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier. Insulationassembly design shall permit removal of such units with aminimum of disturbance to adjacent insulation units.9.2 Insulation units shall be installed either individually orin
42、 groups so that replacement, maintenance, examination, andrepairs of the insulated components may be performed withminimum disturbance of large portions of the insulationsystem. Limits on size of groups or number of units shall be asspecified by the purchaser.9.3 The insulation shall permit removal
43、and reinstallationmanually without the use of special tools unless otherwisespecified by the purchaser.9.4 The maximum weight of each individual insulation unitor combination units attached together during removal andreinstallation shall be as specified by the purchaser.10. Cleaning10.1 Materials sh
44、all be kept visibly free of oil, grease, andother dirt during all fabricating operations.10.2 All materials components shall be cleaned to anacceptable level as agreed upon between the purchaser andmanufacturer.C 667310.3 Once cleaned, the surface shall be handled so as tolimit, to the most practica
45、l extent possible, contamination fromoutside sources.11. Installation and Inspection11.1 Since prefabricated reflective insulations are custom-made to fit the vessel or piping to which they are to beinstalled, with casing lapping required for slip joints, water-shedding, and weather protection, they
46、 must be installed inproper sequence. The insulation manufacturer is expected toprovide installation diagrams or procedures, or both, to showthe proper sequence of installation.11.2 Normally, insulation modifications should be referredto the manufacturer. Field cutting or fitting should be done ina
47、workmanlike manner with cuts that are clean and neat andflashed to restrict air flow in or out of the insulation.11.3 Units of insulation shall be installed in proper sequencewith ends closely butted and with lap straps arranged to shedwater.11.4 Fitting, flange, and valve covers shall be installed
48、tomate with straight pipe insulations.11.5 Where insulation units are secured by bands and seals,the bands should draw the assembly snug, but not so tight as tocause deformation of the assembly.11.6 Insulation units, equipped with buckles or hinges andsnap-locks, are placed in position and secured b
49、y fastening thesnap-lock or buckle. For field variations of piping or fittings,adjustments should be made for proper fit.11.7 Where screws are used for securing piping and vesselinsulation units, they should be installed in properly drilledholes. Units shall be erected with screws securely tightened, orwith locking devices to prevent loosening under vibration ormovement. Screws should not be used to secure telescopingassemblies where movement between adjacent units is neededto allow for expansion and contraction.11.8 Insulation units shall be handled in such a manner
