1、Designation: C 67 08American Association State Highway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: T 32-70Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 67; the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the D
3、epartment of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the samplingand testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although notnecessarily applicable to all types of units, tests includemodulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, satura-tion coefficient, effect of freezin
4、g and thawing, efflorescence,initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size,warpage, length change, and void area. (Additional methods oftest pertinent to ceramic glazed facing tile are included inSpecification C 126.)1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich pr
5、ovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.NOTE 1The testing laboratory performing this test method should beevaluated in accordance with Practice C 1093.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units
6、 are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibil
7、ity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC 126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural ClayF
8、acing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry UnitsC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTermino
9、logy E6 and Terminology C43shall be considered as applying to the terms used in these testmethods.4. Sampling4.1 Selection and Preparation of Test SpecimensFor thepurpose of these tests, full-size brick, tile, or solid masonryunits shall be selected by the purchaser or by the purchasersauthorized re
10、presentative. Specimens shall be representative ofthe lot of units from which they are selected and shall includespecimens representative of the complete range of colors,textures, and sizes. Specimens shall be free of or brushed toremove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassoci-ated wi
11、th the manufacturing process. Brushes used to removeforeign material shall have bristles of plastic (polymer) orhorsehair. Wire brushes shall not be used for preparing speci-mens for testing. Specimens exhibiting foreign material that isnot removed by brushing shall be discarded to ensure thatdamage
12、d or contaminated specimens are not tested.4.2 Number of Specimens:4.2.1 BrickFor the modulus of rupture, compressivestrength, abrasion resistance, and absorption determinations, atleast ten individual brick shall be selected for lots of 1 000 000brick or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five addi
13、tionalspecimens shall be selected from each additional 500 000 brickor fraction thereof. Additional specimens are taken at thediscretion of the purchaser.4.2.2 Structural Clay TileFor the weight determinationand for compressive strength and absorption tests, at least fivetile shall be selected from
14、each lot of 250 tons (226.8 Mg) orfraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shallbe tested for each 500 tons (453.6 Mg) or fraction thereof. Inno case shall less than five tile be taken. Additional specimensare taken at the discretion of the purchaser.1These test methods are under
15、 the jurisdiction of Committee C15 on Manufac-tured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 onBrick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 67 07a.2F
16、or referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stand
17、ard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 IdentificationEach specimen shall be marked so that itmay be identified at any time. Markings shall cover not morethan 5 % of the superficial area of the specimen.5. Specimen Pre
18、paration5.1 Weight Determination:5.1.1 DryingDry the test specimens in a ventilated ovenat 230 to 239F (110 to 115C) for not less than 24 h and untiltwo successive weighings at intervals of 2 h show an incrementof loss not greater than 0.2 % of the last previously determinedweight of the specimen.5.
19、1.2 CoolingAfter drying, cool the specimens in a dryingroom maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C),with a relative humidity between 30 and 70 %. Store the unitsfree from drafts, unstacked, with separate placement, for aperiod of at least 4 h and until the surface temperature is within5F (
20、2.8C) of the drying room temperature. Do not usespecimens noticeably warm to the touch for any test requiringdry units. The specimens shall be stored in the drying roomwith the required temperature and humidity maintained untiltested.5.1.2.1 An alternative method of cooling the specimens toapproxima
21、te room temperature shall be permitted as follows:Store units, unstacked, with separate placement, in a ventilatedroom maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C),with a relative humidity between 30 and 70 % for a period of4 h and until the surface temperature is within 5F (2.8C) ofthe ventila
22、ted room temperature, with a current of air from anelectric fan passing over them for a period of at least 2 h. Thespecimens shall be stored in the ventilated room with therequired temperature and humidity maintained until tested.5.1.3 Weighing and Report:5.1.3.1 Weigh five dry full size specimens.
23、The scale orbalance used shall have a capacity of not less than 3000 g andshall be sensitive to 0.5 g.5.1.3.2 Report results separately for each specimen to thenearest 0.1 g, with the average of all specimens tested to thenearest 0.1 g.5.2 Removal of Silicone Coatings from Brick UnitsThesilicone coa
24、tings intended to be removed by this process areany of the various polymeric organic silicone compounds usedfor water-resistant coatings of brick units. Heat the brick at 9506 50F (510 6 28C) in an oxidizing atmosphere for a periodof not less than 3 h. The rate of heating and cooling shall notexceed
25、 300F (149C) per h.NOTE 2Where indicated for specific individual tests, additional speci-men preparation may be required.6. Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)6.1 Test SpecimensThe test specimens shall consist ofwhole dry full-size units (see 5.1.1). Five such specimens shallbe tested.6.2 Procedure:6.
26、2.1 Support the test specimen flatwise unless specified andreported otherwise (that is, apply the load in the direction of thedepth of the unit) on a span approximately 1 in. (25.4 mm) lessthan the basic unit length and loaded at midspan. If thespecimens have recesses (panels or depressions) place t
27、hem sothat such recesses are on the compression side. Apply the loadto the upper surface of the specimen through a steel bearingplate14 in. (6.35 mm) in thickness and 112 in. (38.10 mm) inwidth and of a length at least equal to the width of thespecimen.6.2.2 Make sure the supports for the test speci
28、men are freeto rotate in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the testspecimen and adjust them so that they will exert no force inthese directions.6.2.3 Speed of TestingThe rate of loading shall not exceed2000 lbf (8896 N)/min. but this requirement is considered asbeing met if the speed of
29、the moving head of the testingmachine immediately prior to application of the load is notmore than 0.05 in. (1.27 mm)/min.6.3 Calculation and Report:6.3.1 Calculate and report the modulus of rupture of eachspecimen to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa) as follows:S 5 3Wl/2 2 x!/bd2(1)where:S = modulus of
30、rupture of the specimen at the plane offailure, lb/in.2(Pa),W = maximum load indicated by the testing machine, lbf(N),l = distance between the supports, in. (mm),b = net width, (face to face minus voids), of the specimenat the plane of failure, in. (mm),d = depth, (bed surface to bed surface), of th
31、e specimen atthe plane of failure, in. (mm), andx = average distance from the midspan of the specimen tothe plane of failure measured in the direction of thespan along the centerline of the bed surface subjectedto tension, in. (mm).6.3.2 Calculate and report the average of the modulus ofrupture dete
32、rminations to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa).7. Compressive Strength7.1 Test Specimens:7.1.1 BrickThe test specimens shall consist of dry halfbrick (see 5.1.1), the full height and width of the unit, with alength equal to one half the full length of the unit 61 in. (25.4mm), except as described below.
33、 If the test specimen, describedabove, exceeds the testing machine capacity, the test specimensshall consist of dry pieces of brick, the full height and width ofthe unit, with a length not less than one quarter of the fulllength of the unit, and with a gross cross-sectional areaperpendicular to bear
34、ing not less than 14 in.2(90.3 cm2). Testspecimens shall be obtained by any method that will produce,without shattering or cracking, a specimen with approximatelyplane and parallel ends. Five specimens shall be tested.7.1.2 Structural Clay TileTest five dry tile specimens in abearing bed length equa
35、l to the width 61 in. (25.4 mm); or testfull-size units.7.2 Capping Test Specimens:7.2.1 All specimens shall be dry and cool within themeaning of 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 before any portion of the cappingprocedure is carried out.7.2.2 If the surface which will become bearing surfacesduring the compression te
36、st are recessed or paneled, fill thedepressions with a mortar composed of 1 part by weight ofC67082quick-hardening cement conforming to the requirements forType III cement of Specification C 150, and 2 parts by weightof sand. Age the specimens at least 48 h before capping them.Where the recess excee
37、ds12 in. (12.7 mm), use a brick or tileslab section or metal plate as a core fill. Cap the test specimensusing one of the two procedures described in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4.7.2.3 Gypsum CappingCoat the two opposite bearingsurfaces of each specimen with shellac and allow to drythoroughly. Bed one of the dry
38、 shellacked surfaces of thespecimen in a thin coat of neat paste of calcined gypsum(plaster of paris) that has been spread on an oiled nonabsorbentplate, such as glass or machined metal. The casting surfaceplate shall be plane within 0.003 in. (0.076 mm) in 16 in.(406.4 mm) and sufficiently rigid; a
39、nd so supported that it willnot be measurably deflected during the capping operation.Lightly coat it with oil or other suitable material. Repeat thisprocedure with the other shellacked surface. Take care that theopposite bearing surfaces so formed will be approximatelyparallel and perpendicular to t
40、he vertical axis of the specimenand the thickness of the caps will be approximately the sameand not exceeding18 in. (3.18 mm). Age the caps at least 24 hbefore testing the specimens.NOTE 3A rapid-setting industrial type gypsum is frequently used forcapping.7.2.4 Sulfur-Filler CappingUse a mixture co
41、ntaining 40to 60 weight % sulfur, the remainder being ground fire clay orother suitable inert material passing a No. 100 (150-m) sievewith or without plasticizer. The casting surface plate require-ments shall be as described in 7.2.3. Place four 1-in. (25.4-mm)square steel bars on the surface plate
42、to form a rectangularmold approximately12 in. (12.7 mm) greater in either insidedimension than the specimen. Heat the sulfur mixture in athermostatically controlled heating pot to a temperature suffi-cient to maintain fluidity for a reasonable period of time aftercontact with the surface being cappe
43、d. Take care to preventoverheating, and stir the liquid in the pot just before use. Fillthe mold to a depth of14 in. (6.35 mm) with molten sulfurmaterial. Place the surface of the unit to be capped quickly inthe liquid, and hold the specimen so that its vertical axis is atright angles to the capping
44、 surface. The thickness of the capsshall be approximately the same. Allow the unit to remainundisturbed until solidification is complete. Allow the caps tocool for a minimum of 2 h before testing the specimens.7.3 Procedure:7.3.1 Test brick specimens flatwise (that is, the load shall beapplied in th
45、e direction of the depth of the brick). Teststructural clay tile specimens in a position such that the load isapplied in the same direction as in service. Center the speci-mens under the spherical upper bearing within116 in. (1.59mm).7.3.2 The testing machine shall conform to the requirementsof Prac
46、tices E4.7.3.3 The upper bearing shall be a spherically seated,hardened metal block firmly attached at the center of the upperhead of the machine. The center of the sphere shall lie at thecenter of the surface of the block in contact with the specimen.The block shall be closely held in its spherical
47、 seat, but shall befree to turn in any direction, and its perimeter shall have at least14 in. (6.35 mm) clearance from the head to allow forspecimens whose bearing surfaces are not exactly parallel. Thediameter of the bearing surface shall be at least 5 in. (127.00mm). Use a hardened metal bearing b
48、lock beneath the speci-men to minimize wear of the lower platen of the machine. Thebearing block surfaces intended for contact with the specimenshall have a hardness not less than HRC60 (HB 620). Thesesurfaces shall not depart from plane surfaces by more than0.001 in. (0.03 mm). When the bearing are
49、a of the sphericalbearing block is not sufficient to cover the area of the specimen,place a steel plate with surfaces machined to true planes within6 0.001 in. (0.03 mm), and with a thickness equal to at leastone third of the distance from the edge of the spherical bearingto the most distant corner between the spherical bearing blockand the capped specimen.7.3.4 Speed of TestingApply the load, up to one half of theexpected maximum load, at any convenient rate, after which,adjust the controls of the machine so that the remaining load isapplie
