1、Designation: C67 16C67 17 American Association State Highway and TransportationOfficials StandardAASHTO No.: T 32-70Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C67; the number immediately following the designation i
2、ndicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of
3、the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarilyapplicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect
4、 offreezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and voidarea. (Additional methods of test pertinent to ceramic glazed facing tile are included in Specificationglazes include imperviousness,chemical resistance, opacity, and
5、 C126.) resistance to crazing.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 1The testing laboratory performing this test me
6、thod should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 These test methods i
7、nclude the following sections:Section Heading SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Sampling 4Specimen Preparation 5Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test) 6Compressive Strength 7Absorption 8Freezing and Thawing 9Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (LaboratoryTest)10Efflorescence 11Weight Per
8、Unit Area 12Measurement of Size 13Measurement of Warpage 14Measurement of Length Change 15Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction) (Field Test) 16Measurement of Void Area in Cored Units 17Measurement of Void Area in Deep Frogged Units 18Measurement of Out of Square 19Measurement of Shell and Web Thickne
9、ss 20Breaking Load 21Imperviousness Test (of Ceramin Glazes) 22Chemical Resistance Test (of Ceramic Glazes) 23Autoclaved Crazing Test (of Ceramic Glazes) 24Opacity Test (of Ceramic Glazes) 25Precision and Bias 22Precision and Bias 26Keywords 23Keywords 271 These test methods are under the jurisdicti
10、on of Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick andStructural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016June 1, 2017. Published January 2017July 2017. Originally approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 asC67
11、 14.C67 16. DOI: 10.1520/C0067-16.10.1520/C0067-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accur
12、ately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
13、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Section Heading SectionSafety Precautions for Autoclave Equipment andOperationAppendix X11.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user
14、of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principl
15、es for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonr
16、y UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for MasonryC1232 Terminology of MasonryE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bia
17、s in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to sampling and testing brick, refer to Terminology E6 and Terminology C1232.4. Sampling4.1 Selection and Preparation of Test S
18、pecimensFor the purpose of these tests, full-size brick, tile, or solid masonry units shallbe selected by the purchaser or by the purchasers authorized representative. Specimens shall be representative of the lot of unitsfrom which they are selected and shall include specimens representative of the
19、complete range of colors, textures, and sizes.Specimens shall be free of or brushed to remove dirt, mud, mortar, or other foreign materials unassociated with the manufacturingprocess. Brushes used to remove foreign material shall have bristles of plastic (polymer) or horsehair. Wire brushes shall no
20、t beused for preparing specimens for testing. Specimens exhibiting foreign material that is not removed by brushing shall be discardedto ensure that damaged or contaminated specimens are not tested.4.2 Number of Specimens:4.2.1 BrickFor the modulus of rupture, compressive strength, abrasion resistan
21、ce, and absorption determinations, at least tenindividual brick shall be selected for lots of 1 000 000 brick or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shall beselected from each additional 500 000 brick or fraction thereof. Additional specimens are taken at the discretion of t
22、he purchaser.4.2.2 Structural Clay TileFor the weight determination and for compressive strength and absorption tests, at least five tile shallbe selected from each lot of 250 tons (226.8 Mg) or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shall be tested foreach 500 tons (453.6 Mg)
23、or fraction thereof. In no case shall less than five tile be taken. Additional specimens are taken at thediscretion of the purchaser.4.2.3 Ceramic Glazed UnitsFor imperviousness, chemical resistance, crazing, and opacity tests, select a representative of 10units for lots of 1 000 000 units, or fract
24、ion thereof. For larger lots, select five additional specimens from each additional 500 000units, or fraction thereof. Do not use specimens selected for 4.2.1 or 4.2.2.4.3 IdentificationEach specimen shall be marked so that it is identifiable at any time. Markings shall cover not more than 5 %of the
25、 superficial area of the specimen.5. Specimen Preparation5.1 Drying and Cooling:5.1.1 DryingDry the test specimens in a ventilated oven at 230 to 239F (110 to221 and 239F (105 and 115C) for not lessthan 24 h and until two successive weighings at intervals of 2 h show an increment of loss not greater
26、 than 0.2 % of the lastpreviously determined weight of the specimen.5.1.2 CoolingAfter drying, cool the specimens in a drying room maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C), witha relative humidity between 30 and 70 %. Store the units free from drafts, unstacked, with separate placement, for
27、 a period of at2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.C67 172least 4 h and until the surface tempera
28、ture is within 5F (2.8C) of the drying room temperature. Do not use specimens noticeablywarm to the touch for any test requiring dry units. The specimens shall be stored in the drying room with the required temperatureand humidity maintained until tested.5.1.2.1 An alternative method of cooling the
29、specimens to approximate room temperature is permitted as follows: Store units,unstacked, with separate placement, in a ventilated room maintained at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C), with a relativehumidity between 30 and 70 % for a period of 4 h and until the surface temperature is within 5F (2
30、.8C) of the ventilated roomtemperature, with a current of air from an electric fan passing over them for a period of at least 2 hours. The specimens shall bestored in the ventilated room with the required temperature and humidity maintained until tested.5.2 Weight Determination:5.2.1 Weigh five full
31、 size specimens that have been dried and cooled (see 5.1). The scale or balance used shall have a capacityof not less than 3000 g and shall be sensitive to 0.5 g.5.2.2 Report results separately for each specimen to the nearest 0.1 g, with the average of all specimens tested to the nearest0.1 g.5.3 R
32、emoval of Silicone Coatings from Brick UnitsThe silicone coatings intended to be removed by this process are any ofthe various polymeric organic silicone compounds used for water-resistant coatings of brick units. Heat the brick at 950 6 50F(510 6 28C) in an oxidizing atmosphere for a period of not
33、less than 3 hours. The rate of heating and cooling shall not exceed300F (149C) per hour.NOTE 2Additional specimen preparation requirements for specific tests are indicated in the individual test methods.6. Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test)6.1 Test SpecimensThe test specimens shall consist of whole f
34、ull-size units that have been dried and cooled (see 5.1). Fivesuch specimens shall be tested.6.2 Procedure:6.2.1 Support the test specimen flatwise unless specified and reported otherwise (that is, apply the load in the direction of thedepth of the unit) on a span approximately 1 in. (25.4 mm) less
35、than the basic unit length and loaded at midspan. Specimens havingrecesses (panels or depressions) shall be placed so that such recesses are on the compression side. Apply the load to the uppersurface of the specimen through a steel bearing plate 14 in. (6.35 mm) in thickness and 112 in. (38.10 mm)
36、in width and of a lengthat least equal to the width of the specimen.6.2.2 Make sure the supports for the test specimen are free to rotate in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the testspecimen and adjust them so that they will exert no force in these directions.6.2.3 Speed of TestingThe r
37、ate of loading shall not exceed 2000 lbf (8896 N)/min. This requirement is considered as beingmet when the speed of the moving head of the testing machine immediately prior to application of the load is not more than 0.05in. (1.27 mm)/min.6.3 Calculation and Report:6.3.1 Calculate and report the mod
38、ulus of rupture of each specimen to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa) as follows:S 53Wl/22x!/bd2 (1)where:S = modulus of rupture of the specimen at the plane of failure, lb/in.2 (Pa),W = maximum load indicated by the testing machine, lbf (N),l = distance between the supports, in. (mm),b = net width, (fac
39、e to face minus voids), of the specimen at the plane of failure, in. (mm),d = depth, (bed surface to bed surface), of the specimen at the plane of failure, in. (mm), andx = average distance from the midspan of the specimen to the plane of failure measured in the direction of the span along thecenter
40、line of the bed surface subjected to tension, in. (mm).6.3.2 Calculate and report the average of the modulus of rupture determinations to the nearest 1 psi (0.01 MPa).7. Compressive Strength7.1 Test Specimens:7.1.1 BrickThe test specimens shall consist of half brick units that have been dried and co
41、oled (see 5.1), the full height andwidth of the unit, with a length equal to one half the full length of the unit 61 in. (25.4 mm), except as described below. Whenthe test specimen, described above, exceeds the testing machine capacity, the test specimens shall consist of dry pieces of brick,the ful
42、l height and width of the unit, with a length not less than one quarter of the full length of the unit, and with a grosscross-sectional area perpendicular to bearing not less than 14 in.2 (90.3 cm2). Test specimens shall be obtained by any method thatwill produce, without shattering or cracking, a s
43、pecimen with approximately plane and parallel ends. Five specimens shall betested.C67 1737.1.2 Structural Clay TileTest five tile specimens that have been dried and cooled (see 5.1) in a bearing bed length equal tothe width 61 in. (25.4 mm); or test full-size units.7.2 Capping Test Specimens:7.2.1 A
44、ll specimens shall be dry and cool within the meaning of 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 before any portion of the capping procedureis carried out.7.2.2 Fill recessed or paneled surfaces that will become bearing surfaces during the compression test with a mortar composedof 1 part by weight of quick-hardening cement
45、 conforming to the requirements for Type III cement of Specification C150, and 2parts by weight of sand. Age the specimens at least 48 h before capping them. Where the recess exceeds 12 in. (12.7 mm), use abrick or tile slab section or metal plate as a core fill. Cap the test specimens using one of
46、the two procedures described in 7.2.3and 7.2.4.7.2.3 Gypsum CappingCoat the two opposite bearing surfaces of each specimen with shellac and allow to dry thoroughly. Bedone of the dry shellacked surfaces of the specimen in a thin coat of neat paste of calcined gypsum (plaster of paris) that has beens
47、pread on an oiled nonabsorbent plate, such as glass or machined metal. The casting surface plate shall be plane within 0.003 in.(0.076 mm) in 16 in. (406.4 mm) and sufficiently rigid; and so supported that it will not be measurably deflected during the cappingoperation. Lightly coat it with oil or o
48、ther suitable material. Repeat this procedure with the other shellacked surface. Take care thatthe opposite bearing surfaces so formed will be approximately parallel and perpendicular to the vertical axis of the specimen andthe thickness of the caps will be approximately the same and not exceeding 1
49、8 in. (3.18 mm). Age the caps at least 24 h beforetesting the specimens.NOTE 3A rapid-setting industrial type gypsum is frequently used for capping.7.2.4 Sulfur-Filler CappingUse a mixture containing 40 to 60 weight % sulfur, the remainder being ground fire clay or othersuitable inert material passing a No. 100 (150-m) sieve with or without plasticizer. The casting surface plate requirements shallbe as described in 7.2.3. Place four 1-in. (25.4-mm) square steel bars on the surface plate to form a rectangular mold approximately12 in. (12
