1、Designation: C685/C685M 10Standard Specification forConcrete Made by Volumetric Batching and ContinuousMixing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C685/C685M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers concret
3、e made from materialscontinuously batched by volume, mixed in a continuous mixer,and delivered to the purchaser in a freshly mixed and unhard-ened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for quality ofconcrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specifiedby the purchaser. When the re
4、quirements of the purchaser differfrom this specification, the purchasers specification shallgovern. This specification does not cover the placement,consolidation, finishing, curing, or protection of the concreteafter delivery to the purchaser. Tests and criteria for batchingaccuracy and mixing effi
5、ciency are specified herein.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets,or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from th
6、e two systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of this specification.1.4 This standard doe
7、s not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementi-tious mixt
8、ures are caustic and may cause chemical burns toskin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lind
9、rical Concrete SpecimensC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC13
10、8/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231 Test Method for
11、 Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC567 Test Method for Determining Density of St
12、ructuralLightweight ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand Mortars1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Ag
13、gregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C685/C685M07.DOI: 10.1520/C0685_C0685M-10.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Man
14、ual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
15、nthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064/C1064M T
16、est Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con-crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forLaboratory EvaluationC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water U
17、sed in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4CP-1 Technician Workbook for ACI Certification of Con-crete Field Testing Technician-Grade I211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Nor-mal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportio
18、ns for Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete304.6R Guide for Use of Volumetric-Measuring andContinuous-Mixing Concrete Equipment305R Hot Weather Concreting306R Cold Weather Concreting318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concreteand Commentary2.3
19、 Other Documents:Bureau of Reclamation Concrete Manual5VMMB 100-01 Volumetric Mixer Standards of the Volu-metric Mixer Manufacturers Bureau63. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this speci-fication, refer to Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standar
20、d:3.2.1 manufacturer, nof concrete, the producer of theconcrete.3.2.2 purchaser, nof concrete, the buyer of the concrete.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be the cubic yard or cubicmetre of fresh concrete as it is continuously discharged fromthe batching and mixing apparatus.4.2 Th
21、e volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall bedetermined by, or calculated from, a calibrated indicatingdevice driven directly by the batching apparatus.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of hardened concretemay be, or may appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,o
22、ver-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlementof wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the manufacturer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable specificationscovering requirements for quality of materials, the followingspecifications shall
23、govern:5.1.1 CementCement shall conform to SpecificationC150, Specification C595, or Specification C1157 (Note 2).The purchaser shall specify the type or types required, but if notype is specified, the requirements of Type I as prescribed inSpecification C150 shall apply.NOTE 2These different cement
24、s will produce concretes of differentproperties and should not be used interchangeably.5.1.2 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall conformto Specification C33. Lightweight aggregates shall conform toSpecification C330 and heavyweight aggregates shall conformto Specification C637.5.1.3 WaterWater
25、shall conform to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.1.4 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace SlagGroundgranulated blast furnace slag shall conform to SpecificationC989.5.1.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admix-tures shall conform to Specification C260.(Note 3)5.1.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtu
26、res shallconform to either Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M, as applicable (Note 3).NOTE 3In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range ofdosages should be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effec
27、t.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifi-cations, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Designated size or sizes of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump or slumps desired at the point of delivery (see10.3),6.1.3 When air-entrained concrete is specified,
28、the air con-tent of samples taken at the point of discharge from thetransportation unit (see 10.4 and Table 1 for the total air contentand tolerances) (Note 4),6.1.4 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, thedensity as fresh density, equilibrium density, or oven-drydensity (Note 5), and6
29、.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basisfor determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality (see 6.2, 6.3,or6.4).NOTE 4In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser shouldconsider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected.Air
30、contents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the requiredresistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose ofair-entrained concrete. Air contents higher than the levels shown mayreduce strength without contributing any further improvement of durabil-ity.NOTE 5The density of fresh
31、concrete, which is the only densitydeterminable at the time of delivery, is always higher than the equilibriumdensity, or oven-dry density. Definitions of, and methods for determiningor calculating equilibrium density and oven-dry density, are covered inTest Method C567.6.2 Option A:6.2.1 When the p
32、urchaser requires the manufacturer toassume full responsibility for the selection of the proportionsfor the concrete mixture, the purchaser shall also specify thefollowing in addition to the requirements of 6.1.1 through6.1.5:4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmingt
33、onHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6Available from the Volumetric Mixer Manufacturers Bureau, 900 Spring Street,Silver Spring, MD 20910, www.vmmb.org.C685/C685M 1026.2.1.1 Requirements for co
34、mpressive strength as deter-mined on samples taken from the mixer at the point ofdischarge and evaluated in accordance with Section 11. Thepurchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of thecompressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan-dard curing conditions for moist curing. Unle
35、ss otherwisespecified, the age at test shall be 28 days, and6.2.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, giving the dry mass of cement and saturatedsurface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and qu
36、antities,type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.The manufacturer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to thepurchaser that the materials to be used and prop
37、ortions selectedwill produce concrete of the quality specified.6.3 Option B:6.3.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for theproportioning of the concrete mixture, the purchaser shall alsospecify the following in addition to the requirements of 6.1.1through 6.1.5:6.3.1.1 Cement content in bags
38、 or pounds per cubic yard orkilograms per cubic metre of concrete, or equivalent units,6.3.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons percubic yard or litres or kilograms per cubic metre of concrete orequivalent units, including surface moisture on the aggregates,but excluding water of absorptio
39、n (Note 6), and6.3.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage range to be used. Those employed for air-entrainmentor for control of set (acceleration, retardation) shall havemaximum limitations set as to dosage. Admixtures shall not beused as a substitute for a portion of specified am
40、ounts ofcement without the written approval of the purchaser.NOTE 6The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he as-sumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for work-ability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addition tothose for structural desi
41、gn. The purchaser is referred to ACI StandardPractice 211.1 for normal weight concrete, and ACI Standard Practice211.2 for lightweight concrete, for the selection of proportions that willresult in concrete suitable for various types of structures and conditions ofexposure. The water-cement ratio of
42、most structural lightweight concretescannot be determined with sufficient accuracy for use as a specificationbasis.6.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sievea
43、nalyses of the aggregates and the dry mass of cement andsaturated surface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate andquantities, type, and name of admixture (if any) and of waterper cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used inthe manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by thepurcha
44、ser.6.4 Option C:6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume responsibility for the selection of the proportions forthe concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cementcontent specified, the purchaser shall also specify the followingin addition to the requirements of 6.1.1 through
45、6.1.5:6.4.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined onsamples taken from the mixer at the point of discharge andevaluated in accordance with Section 11. The purchaser shallspecify the requirements for strength in terms of tests ofstandard specimens cured under standard curing conditions formoi
46、st curing. Unless otherwise specified, the age at test shall be28 days.6.4.1.2 Minimum cement content in bags or pounds percubic yard or kilograms per cubic metre of concrete (Note 7),and6.4.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage range to be used. The cement content shall not bere
47、duced when admixtures are used.6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, giving the dry mass of cement and saturatedsurface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,type, and name of ad
48、mixture (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.The manufacturer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to thepurchaser that the materials to be used and proportions selectedwill produce c
49、oncrete of the quality specified. Whateverstrengths are attained the quantity of cement used shall not beless than the minimum specified.NOTE 7Option C can be distinctive and useful only if the designatedminimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarilybe required for the strength, aggregate size, and slump specified. At thesame time, it must be an amount that will be sufficient to ensure durabilityunder expected service conditions, as well as satisfactory surface textureand density, in the event specified strength is attained with it. Attentio
