1、Designation: C685/C685M 14Standard Specification forConcrete Made by Volumetric Batching and ContinuousMixing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C685/C685M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers co
3、ncrete made from materialscontinuously batched by volume, mixed in a continuous mixer,and delivered to the purchaser in a freshly mixed and unhard-ened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for quality ofconcrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specifiedby the purchaser. When t
4、he requirements of the purchaser differfrom this specification, the purchasers specification shallgovern. This specification does not cover the placement,consolidation, finishing, curing, or protection of the concreteafter delivery to the purchaser. Tests and criteria for batchingaccuracy and mixing
5、 efficiency are specified herein.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets,or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values fr
6、om the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of this specification.1.4 This standar
7、d does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementi-tious
8、 mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns toskin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy
9、lin-drical Concrete SpecimensC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregat
10、esC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC231 Test
11、Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC567 Test Method for Determining Den
12、sity of StructuralLightweight ConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the dire
13、ct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published February 2015. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C685/C685M11.DOI: 10.1520/C0685_C0685M-14.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and
14、 Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A
15、 Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcret
16、e and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forTesting Ag
17、ency EvaluationC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicCementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4CP-1 Technician Workbook for ACI Certification of
18、Con-crete Field Testing Technician-Grade I211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions forNormal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete304.6R Guide for Use of Volume
19、tric-Measuring andContinuous-Mixing Concrete Equipment305R Hot Weather Concreting306R Cold Weather Concreting318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concreteand Commentary2.3 Other Documents:Bureau of Reclamation Concrete Manual5VMMB 100-01 Volumetric Mixer Standards of the Volumet-ric Mixer M
20、anufacturers Bureau63. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 manufacturer, nof concrete, the producer of theconcrete.3.2.2 purchaser, nof concrete, the buyer of the concrete.4
21、. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be the cubic yard or cubicmetre of fresh concrete as it is continuously discharged fromthe batching and mixing apparatus.4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall bedetermined by, or calculated from, a calibrated indicatingdevice drive
22、n directly by the batching apparatus.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of hardened concretemay be, or may appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlementof wet mixtures, none of which are the responsib
23、ility of the manufacturer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable specificationscovering requirements for quality of materials, the followingspecifications shall govern:5.2 Cementitious Materials:5.2.1 Hydraulic CementHydraulic Cement shall conformto Specification C150/C150M, Specifi
24、cation C595/C595M,orSpecification C1157/C1157M (Note 2).5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCoal FlyAshor natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618. SlagCement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M. SilicaFume shall conform to Specification C1240.NOTE 2These different cementiti
25、ous materials will produce concretesof different properties and should not be used interchangeably.5.3 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall conformto Specification C33. Lightweight aggregates shall conform toSpecification C330 and heavyweight aggregates shall conformto Specification C637.5.4 Wat
26、erWater shall conform to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixturesshall conform to Specification C260 (Note 3).5.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall con-form to either Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M,as applicable (Note 3).NOTE 3In any give
27、n instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range ofdosages should be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www
28、.aci-int.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6Available from the Volumetric Mixer Manufacturers Bureau, 900 Spring Street,Silver Spring, MD 20910, www.vmmb.org.TABLE 1 Recommended Total Air Content for Air-Entrained ConcreteATotal Air
29、 Content, %Exposure ConditionB,CNominal Max Sizes of Aggregate, in. mm38 9.512 12.534 19.0 1 25.0 112 37.5 2 50.0 3 75.0Mild 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5AFor air-entrained concrete, when specified.BFor description of exposure condi
30、tions, refer to ACI Standard Practice 211.1, Section 6.3.3 with attention to accompanying footnotes.CUnless exposure conditions dictate otherwise, it is permissible to reduce air contents recommended above by up to 1 % for concretes with specified compressivestrength, f c, of 5000 psi 35 MPa or abov
31、e.C685/C685M 1426. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable generalspecifications, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Designated size or sizes of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump or slumps desired at the point of delivery (see10.3),6.1.3 When air-entrained concrete is
32、 specified, the air con-tent of samples taken at the point of discharge from thetransportation unit (see 10.4 and Table 1 for the total air contentand tolerances) (Note 4),6.1.4 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, thedensity as fresh density, equilibrium density, or oven-drydensity (N
33、ote 5), and6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basisfor determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality (see 6.2, 6.3,or6.4).NOTE 4In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser shouldconsider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be su
34、bjected.Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the requiredresistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose ofair-entrained concrete. Air contents higher than the levels shown mayreduce strength without contributing any further improvement of durabil-ity.NOTE 5The densi
35、ty of fresh concrete, which is the only densitydeterminable at the time of delivery, is always higher than the equilibriumdensity, or oven-dry density. Definitions of, and methods for determiningor calculating equilibrium density and oven-dry density, are covered inTest Method C567.6.2 Option A:6.2.
36、1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume full responsibility for the selection of the proportionsfor the concrete mixture, the purchaser shall also specify thefollowing:6.2.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-mined on samples taken from the mixer at the point ofdischarg
37、e and evaluated in accordance with Section 11. Thepurchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of thecompressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan-dard curing conditions for moist curing. Unless otherwisespecified, the age at test shall be 28 days, and6.2.2 At the request of the p
38、urchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, giving the dry mass of cement and saturatedsurface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre
39、of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.The manufacturer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to thepurchaser that the materials to be used and proportions selectedwill produce concrete of the quality specified.6.3 Option B:6.3.1 When th
40、e purchaser assumes responsibility for theproportioning of the concrete mixture, the purchaser shall alsospecify the following:6.3.1.1 Cement content in pounds per cubic yard or kilo-grams per cubic metre of concrete, or equivalent units,6.3.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons percubic ya
41、rd or litres or kilograms per cubic metre of concrete orequivalent units, including surface moisture on the aggregates,but excluding water of absorption (Note 6), and6.3.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage range to be used. Admixtures shall not be used as asubstitute for a port
42、ion of specified amounts of cement withoutthe written approval of the purchaser.NOTE 6The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which heassumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements forworkability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addi-tion to those fo
43、r structural design. The purchaser is referred to ACIStandard Practice 211.1 for normal weight concrete, and ACI StandardPractice 211.2 for lightweight concrete, for the selection of proportionsthat will result in concrete suitable for various types of structures andconditions of exposure. The water
44、-cement ratio of most structural light-weight concretes cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy for use asa specification basis.6.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser giving the sources, de
45、nsities, and sieveanalyses of the aggregates and the dry mass of cement andsaturated surface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate andquantities, type, and name of admixture (if any) and of waterper cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used inthe manufacture of each class of concrete o
46、rdered by thepurchaser.6.4 Option C:6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume responsibility for the selection of the proportions forthe concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cementcontent specified, the purchaser shall also specify the followingin addition to the requirement
47、s of 6.1.1 through 6.1.5:6.4.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined onsamples taken from the mixer at the point of discharge andevaluated in accordance with Section 11. The purchaser shallspecify the requirements for strength in terms of tests ofstandard specimens cured under standard curin
48、g conditions formoist curing. Unless otherwise specified, the age at test shall be28 days.6.4.1.2 Minimum cement content in pounds per cubic yardor kilograms per cubic metre of concrete (Note 7), and6.4.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage range to be used. The cement content sh
49、all not bereduced when admixtures are used.6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, giving the dry mass of cement and saturatedsurface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,type, and name of admixture (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.The manufacturer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to thepurchaser that t
