1、Designation: C685/C685M 17Standard Specification forConcrete Made by Volumetric Batching and ContinuousMixing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C685/C685M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers co
3、ncrete made from materialscontinuously batched by volume, mixed in a continuous mixer,and delivered to the purchaser in a freshly mixed and unhard-ened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for quality ofconcrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specifiedby the purchaser. When t
4、he requirements of the purchaser differfrom this specification, the purchasers specification shallgovern. This specification does not cover the placement,consolidation, finishing, curing, or protection of the concreteafter delivery to the purchaser. Tests and criteria for batchingaccuracy and mixing
5、 efficiency are specified herein.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets,or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values fr
6、om the two systems may result in noncon-formance with the standard.1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of this specification.1.4 This standar
7、d does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementi-tious
8、 mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns toskin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standard
9、s, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method fo
10、r Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of
11、 Fine andCoarse AggregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-creteC173/C173M Test M
12、ethod forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC231/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forStructural ConcreteC494/
13、C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density of1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition
14、 approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C685/C685M14.DOI: 10.1520/C0685_C0685M-17.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM
15、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM In
16、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standard
17、s, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Structural Lightweight ConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC637 Speci
18、fication for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077
19、 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forTesting Agency EvaluationC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicCementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used i
20、n theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4CP-1 Technician Workbook for ACI Certification of Con-crete Field Testing Technician-Grade I211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions forNormal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for
21、Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete304.6R Guide for Use of Volumetric-Measuring andContinuous-Mixing Concrete Equipment305R Hot Weather Concreting306R Cold Weather Concreting318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concreteand Commentary2.3 Other
22、Documents:Bureau of Reclamation Concrete Manual5VMMB 100-01 Volumetric Mixer Standards of the Volumet-ric Mixer Manufacturers Bureau63. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 m
23、anufacturer, nof concrete, the producer of theconcrete.3.2.2 purchaser, nof concrete, the buyer of the concrete.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be the cubic yard or cubicmetre of fresh concrete as it is continuously discharged fromthe batching and mixing apparatus.4.2 The volume
24、of fresh concrete in a given batch shall bedetermined by, or calculated from, a calibrated indicatingdevice driven directly by the batching apparatus.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of hardened concretemay be, or may appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,over-excav
25、ation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlementof wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the manufacturer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable specificationscovering requirements for quality of materials, the followingspecifications shall govern:5.
26、2 Cementitious Materials:5.2.1 Hydraulic CementHydraulic Cement shall conformto Specification C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M,orSpecification C1157/C1157M (Note 2).5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCoal FlyAshor natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618. SlagCement shall con
27、form to Specification C989/C989M. SilicaFume shall conform to Specification C1240.NOTE 2These different cementitious materials will produce concretesof different properties and should not be used interchangeably.5.3 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall conformto Specification C33/C33M. Lightweig
28、ht aggregates shall con-form to Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggre-gates shall conform to Specification C637.5.4 WaterWater shall conform to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixturesshall conform to Specification C260/C260M (Note 3).4Available from
29、 American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6Available from the Volumetric Mixer Manufacturers Bureau, 900 Spring Street,Silver Spring, MD 20
30、910, www.vmmb.org.TABLE 1 Recommended Total Air Content for Air-Entrained ConcreteATotal Air Content, %Exposure ConditionB,CNominal Max Sizes of Aggregate, in. mm38 9.512 12.534 19.0 1 25.0 112 37.5 2 50.0 3 75.0Mild 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6
31、.0 5.5 5.0 4.5AFor air-entrained concrete, when specified.BFor description of exposure conditions, refer to ACI Standard Practice 211.1, Section 6.3.3 with attention to accompanying footnotes.CUnless exposure conditions dictate otherwise, it is permissible to reduce air contents recommended above by
32、 up to 1 % for concretes with specified compressivestrength, f c, of 5000 psi 35 MPa or above.C685/C685M 1725.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall con-form to either Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M,as applicable (Note 3).NOTE 3In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entr
33、aining,accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range ofdosages should be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable generalspecifications, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Designated s
34、ize or sizes of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump or slumps desired at the point of delivery (see10.3),6.1.3 When air-entrained concrete is specified, the air con-tent of samples taken at the point of discharge from thetransportation unit (see 10.4 and Table 1 for the total air contentand tolerances) (No
35、te 4),6.1.4 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, thedensity as fresh density, equilibrium density, or oven-drydensity (Note 5), and6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basisfor determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality (see 6.2, 6.3,or6.
36、4).NOTE 4In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser shouldconsider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected.Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the requiredresistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose ofair-entrained concrete. Ai
37、r contents higher than the levels shown mayreduce strength without contributing any further improvement of durabil-ity.NOTE 5The density of fresh concrete, which is the only densitydeterminable at the time of delivery, is always higher than the equilibriumdensity, or oven-dry density. Definitions of
38、, and methods for determiningor calculating equilibrium density and oven-dry density, are covered inTest Method C567/C567M.6.2 Option A:6.2.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume full responsibility for the selection of the proportionsfor the concrete mixture, the purchaser shall al
39、so specify thefollowing:6.2.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-mined on samples taken from the mixer at the point ofdischarge and evaluated in accordance with Section 11. Thepurchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of thecompressive strength of standard specimens cured under
40、 stan-dard curing conditions for moist curing. Unless otherwisespecified, the age at test shall be 28 days, and6.2.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, giving the dry mass of cement and saturateds
41、urface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.The manufacturer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to
42、thepurchaser that the materials to be used and proportions selectedwill produce concrete of the quality specified.6.3 Option B:6.3.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for theproportioning of the concrete mixture, the purchaser shall alsospecify the following:6.3.1.1 Cement content in pounds
43、per cubic yard or kilo-grams per cubic metre of concrete, or equivalent units,6.3.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons percubic yard or litres or kilograms per cubic metre of concrete orequivalent units, including surface moisture on the aggregates,but excluding water of absorption (Note 6
44、), and6.3.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage range to be used. Admixtures shall not be used as asubstitute for a portion of specified amounts of cement withoutthe written approval of the purchaser.NOTE 6The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which heassumes responsibilit
45、y should give consideration to requirements forworkability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addi-tion to those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to ACIStandard Practice 211.1 for normal weight concrete, and ACI StandardPractice 211.2 for lightweight concrete
46、, for the selection of proportionsthat will result in concrete suitable for various types of structures andconditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of most structural light-weight concretes cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy for use asa specification basis.6.3.2 At the request of th
47、e purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieveanalyses of the aggregates and the dry mass of cement andsaturated surface-dry mass of fine and coarse aggregate andquantities, type, and name
48、 of admixture (if any) and of waterper cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used inthe manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by thepurchaser.6.4 Option C:6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume responsibility for the selection of the proportions forthe concr
49、ete mixture with the minimum allowable cementcontent specified, the purchaser shall also specify the followingin addition to the requirements of 6.1.1 through 6.1.5:6.4.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined onsamples taken from the mixer at the point of discharge andevaluated in accordance with Section 11. The purchaser shallspecify the requirements for strength in terms of tests ofstandard specimens cured under standard curing conditions formoist curing. Unless otherwise specified, the age at test shall be28 days.6.4.1.2 Minimum ceme
