1、Designation: C 76M 08aStandard Specification forReinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe(Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 76M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers reinforce
3、d concrete pipe in-tended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrialwastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to SpecificationC 76.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-tion only, and does not includ
4、e requirements for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load condition and the strength classification ofpipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance ofthis product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, typeof bedding and backfill, controlled m
5、anufacture in the plant, and care andinstallation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of thereinforced concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he mustcorrelate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified andprovide inspection at the construction site.NOTE 2Att
6、ention is called to the specification for reinforced concreteD-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (ASTM DesignationC 655M).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA 82/A 82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Con-crete Reinforcement
7、A 185/A 185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Plain, for ConcreteA 496/A 496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, forConcrete ReinforcementA 497/A 497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCa
8、rbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 706/A 706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel De-formed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 309 Specificati
9、on for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sec-tions, or Tile MetricC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
10、Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 655M Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-LoadCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe MetricC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1017/C 1017M S
11、pecification for Chemical Admixturesfor Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC 1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with th
12、is specificationshall be of five classes identified as Class I, Class II, Class III,Class IV, and Class V. The corresponding strength require-ments are prescribed in Tables 1-5.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time of,or before placing an order, there are two
13、 separate and alterna-tive bases of acceptance. Independent of the method of1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 onReinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe.Current edition approved April 15, 2008. Publish
14、ed May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 76M 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S
15、ummary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.acceptance, the pipe shall be designed to meet both the 0.01-in.crack and ultimate strength requirements specified in Tables1-5.5.1.1 Acceptance on the Ba
16、sis of Plant Load-Bearing Tests,Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for VisualDefects and ImperfectionsAcceptability of the pipe in alldiameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2shall be determined by the results of the three-edge bearingtests as defined in 11.3.1; b
17、y such material tests as are requiredin 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 and 6.6; by an absorption test of the concretefrom the wall of the pipe for each mix design that is used on anorder; and by visual inspection of the finished pipe to deter-mine its conformance with the accepted design and its freedomfrom defects.
18、5.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Material Test and Inspec-tion of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and ImperfectionsAcceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes producedin accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determined by the resultsof such material tests as are required in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5 and
19、6.6;bycrushing tests on concrete cores or cured concrete cylinders; byan absorption test of the concrete from the wall of the pipe foreach mix design that is used on an order; and by inspection ofthe finished pipe including amount and placement of reinforce-ment to determine its conformance with the
20、 accepted designand its freedom from defects.5.1.3 When agreed upon between the owner and manufac-turer, any portion or any combination of the tests itemized in5.1.1 or 5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance.5.2 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready foracceptance when it conforms to the r
21、equirements as indicatedby the specified tests.6. Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shallconsist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, andwater, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner thatthe steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 C
22、ementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor portland cement of Specification C 150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or slag modified portland cement, orportland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C 595, except that the pozzolan constituent in theType IP
23、portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace SlagGGBFSshall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C 989.6.2.3 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements ofClass F or Class C of Specification C 618.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Ceme
24、ntitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified Portland cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of Portlan
25、d cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag,6.2.4.6 A combination of Portland cement and fly ash, or6.2.4.7 A combination of Portland cement, ground granu-lated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcementitious weight) and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of thetotal cementitious weigh
26、t).NOTE 1The total reinforcement area of the inner circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in Tables1-5.NOTE 2The total reinforcement area of the outer circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cag
27、e in Tables1-5.FIG. 1 Triple Cage ReinforcementC 76M 08a26.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsThe following admixtures andblends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specific
28、ationC 260;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to SpecificationC 494/C 494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowingconcrete conforming to Specification C 1017/C 1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist ofwire c
29、onforming to Specification A 82/A 82M or SpecificationA 496/A 496M; or of wire reinforcement conforming to Speci-fication A 185/A 185M or Specification A 497/A 497M;orofbars conforming to Specification A 36/A 36M, SpecificationA 615/A 615M Grade 40 or 60, or Specification A 706/A 706M Grade 60.6.6 S
30、ynthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropy-lene fibers may be used, at the manufacturers option, inconcrete pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. OnlyType III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifi-cally for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements ofSpecifi
31、cation C 1116 shall be accepted.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe diameter, wall thickness, compres-sive strength of the concrete, and the area of the circumferen-tial reinforcement shall be as prescribed for Classes I to V inTables 1-5, except as provided in 7.2.7.1.1 The reinforcement as presented in
32、the tables hereinallows single circular cage reinforcement or separate inner andouter circular cage reinforcement or single elliptical cagereinforcement or a combination thereof.Footnotes to the tables are intended to clarify tabulatedrequirements or provide acceptable alternative reinforcementdesig
33、ns, either of which are applicable and binding as if theywere contained in the body of the specification.7.2 Modified and Special Designs:7.2.1 If permitted by the owner the manufacturer mayrequest approval by the owner of modified designs that differfrom the designs in; or special designs for sizes
34、 and loadsTABLE 1 Design Requirements for Class I Reinforced Concrete PipeANOTE 1See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.The strength test requirements in newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressedin newtons p
35、er linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate loadas specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 40.0D-load to produce the ultimate load 60.0Int
36、ernalDesignatedDiameter,mmReinforcement, cm2/linear m of pipe wallWall A Wall BConcrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPaWallThickness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforcementCWallThickness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforcementCInnerCageOuterCageInnerCageOuterCage1500 1
37、25 5.3 3.2 5.9 150 4.4 2.6 4.91650 138 6.4 3.8 7.0 163 5.3 3.2 5.91800 150 7.4 4.4 8.3 175 6.1 3.7 6.81950 163 8.5 5.1 9.3 188 6.8 4.1 7.62100 175 9.5 5.7 10.6 200 7.8 4.7 8.72250 188 10.4 6.2 11.4 213 8.7 5.2 9.72400 200 11.4 6.8 12.7 225 9.7 5.8 10.8Concrete Strength, 34.5 MPa2550 213 13.3 8.0Inne
38、r CircularPlus Elliptical5.38.0238 11.4 6.8Inner CircularPlus Elliptical4.66.82700 225 14.4 8.6Inner CircularPlus Elliptical5.88.6250 12.9 7.7Inner CircularPlus Elliptical5.27.72850A. . . .A. . . .3000A. . . .A. . . .3150A. . . .A. . . .3300A. . . .A. . . .3450A. . . .A. . . .3600A. . . .A. . . .AFo
39、r modified or special designs, see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C 655M. Steel areas may be interpolated betweenthose shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 2400 mm in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inne
40、r circular plus one elliptical cage.BAs an alternative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not b
41、e less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total areaof the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 2,orAn inner and outer cage plus a
42、n elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 1.CElliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.C 76M 08a3beyond those shown in Tables 1-5, 7.1, or special designs forpipe sizes that do not have steel
43、reinforcement areas shown inTables 1-5.7.2.2 Such modified or special designs shall be based onrational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate strength andcracking behavior of the pipe and shall fully describe to theowner any deviations from the requirements of 7.1. Thedescriptions of modified or
44、special designs shall include thewall thickness, the concrete strength, and the area, type,placement, number of layers, and strength of the steel rein-forcement.7.2.3 The manufacturer shall submit to the owner proof ofthe adequacy of the proposed modified or special design. Suchproof may comprise th
45、e submission of certified three-edge-bearing tests already made, which are acceptable to the owneror, if such three-edge-bearing tests are not available or accept-able, the manufacturer may be required to perform proof testson sizes and classes selected by the owner to demonstrate theadequacy of the
46、 proposed design.7.2.4 Such pipe must meet all of the test and performancerequirements specified by the owner in accordance withSection 5.TABLE 2 Design Requirements for Class II Reinforced Concrete PipeANOTE 1See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by owner.The strength test requirements in
47、 newtons per linear metre of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test-load expressedin newtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter) to produce the 0.3-mm crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.3-mm crack and the ultimate loadas specified below, multiplied by
48、the internal diameter of the pipe in millimetres.D-load to produce a 0.3 mm crack 50.0D-load to produce the ultimate load 75.0InternalDesignatedDiameter,mmReinforcement, cm2/linear m of pipe wallWall A Wall B Wall CConcrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPa Concrete Strength, 27.6 MPaWa
49、llThick-ness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforcementCWallThickness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforcementCWallThickness,mmCircularReinforcementBEllipticalReinforcementCInnerCageOuterCageInnerCageOuterCageInnerCageOuterCage300 44 1.5D. . 50 1.5D. . 69 1.5D. .375 47 1.5D. . 57 1.5D. . 75 1.5D. .450 50 1.5D. 1.5 63 1.5D. 1.5D82 1.5D. 1.5D525 57 2.5 . . . 2.1 69 1.5D. 1.5D88 1.5D. 1.5D600 63 2.8 . . . 2.3 75 1.5D. 1.5D94 1.5D. 1.5D675 66 3.2 . . . 2.8 82 2.8 . . . 2.3 100 1.5D. 1.5D750 69 3.2 . . . 3.0 88 3.0 . . . 2.5 106 1.5D. 1.5D825 72 3.4
