1、Designation: C778 13C778 17Standard Specification forStandard Sand1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicat
2、es the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic c
3、ements.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversionand Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.1.4 This standard doe
4、s not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was de
5、veloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Docu
6、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C127 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesC150 S
7、pecification for Portland CementC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement MortarC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in th
8、e Physical Testing ofHydraulic CementsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 203020-30 sand, nstandard
9、sand, predominantly graded to pass a 850-m (No. 20) sieve and be retained on a 600-m(No. 30) sieve.3.1.2 graded sand, nstandard sand, predominantly graded between the 600-m (No. 30) sieve and the 150-m (No. 100) sieve.3.1.3 standard sand, nsilica sand, composed almost entirely of naturally rounded g
10、rains of nearly pure quartz, used forpreparing mortars in the testing of hydraulic cements.4. Requirements4.1 Sand shall meet the requirements of Table 1 with respect to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable airentraining characteristics.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction o
11、f ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of Standards.Current edition approved June 1, 2013Aug. 1, 2017. Published July 2013August 2017. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asC778 12.C778 13. DOI: 10.15
12、20/C0778-13.10.1520/C0778-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM sta
13、ndard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cas
14、es only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1METHODS OF SAMP
15、LING AND TESTING STANDARD SANDS5. Apparatus5.1 SievesThe sieves shall be standard 203-mm (8-in.) diameter, full-height, wire-cloth sieves, conforming to the requirementsof Specification E11, and of the following sizes:1.18-mm (No. 16) 425-m (No. 40)850-m (No. 20) 300-m (No. 50)600-m (No. 30) 150-m (
16、No. 100)75-m (No. 200)5.2 Sample SplitterThe sample splitter, receptacles, and feeder pan or hopper shall conform to the general design requirementslisted in Method A, apparatus section of Practice C702, except that the device shall have no fewer than eight chutes having amaximum opening no greater
17、than 13 mm, and a minimum opening at least three times the diameter of the largest particle of sandin a sample to be split.5.3 Scales, Balances, and Reference MassesScales, balances, and reference masses shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C1005 as appropriate for the size of the sampl
18、e the mass of which is to be determined.6. Sampling6.1 Sample each lot or shipment and test for the grading requirements in Table 1. Determine air entraining characteristics onlywhen contamination of sand is suspected. Sample the shipment in accordance to the procedure listed in 9.1.6.2 ProcedureUsi
19、ng Method AMechanical Splitter procedure described in Practice C702, reduce the entire contents of a bagof standard sand to a testing size of approximately 300 g.7. Sieve Analysis7.1 SievingSieve the sand by hand or mechanically as described in Test Method C136.7.2 ReportingReport the results of the
20、 sieve analysis as total percentage passing each sieve.8. Tests for Air-Entraining Potential of Sand8.1 Small amounts of some surfactants or other contaminants will produce air voids in mortars made with 203020-30 sand,graded sands or both. When contamination is suspected, test the sands in accordan
21、ce with the procedures described in this sectionto determine the effect on air content or strength (see Note 1).NOTE 1It may be desirable to wash these sands routinely to avoid potential problems.Additionally, the washing procedure outlined in 8.1.1 will tendto minimize segregation of sand that may
22、occur when the sand is handled in a dry state.8.1.1 Obtain a sample of at least 2800 g from a full bag of sand. Place the remainder of the sand from the bag in a concretemixer of the drum type. Add sufficient water to cover the sand and mix for 2 min. Decant the water over a 75 m (No. 200) sieveand
23、drain for 2 min. Repeat the washing and decanting procedure four times. Tilt the mixer and drain the sand for 20 min or longer.Determine the mass of damp sand and place it in approximately batch-sized quantities in separate containers. Dry the sand toconstant mass in an oven at 110 C. 110C. Cool and
24、 adjust the quantity of dry sand to the amount required for a test. Prepare twobatches of each of “washed” and “as received” sand for test following the procedures in Test Method C185 for 203020-30 sandor Test Method C109/C109M for graded sand.8.1.2 Tests for air-entraining potential of a standard s
25、and shall be made on a single day by a single operator.TABLE 1 Standard Sand RequirementsCharacteristics 20-30 Sand Graded SandGrading, percent passing sieve:1.18 mm (No. 16) 100 100850 m (No. 20) 85 to 100600 m (No. 30) 0 to 5 96 to 100425 m (No. 40) 65 to 75425 m (No. 40) 60 to 75300 m (No. 50) 20
26、 to 30300 m (No. 50) 16 to 30150 m (No. 100) 0 to 4Difference in air content of mortars madewith washed and unwashed sand, max,% airA2.0 1.5Source of sand Ottawa, IL orLeSuer, MNOttawa, ILA This determination is needed when contamination of sand is suspected asdiscussed in 8.1.C778 1728.2 203020-30
27、SandPrepare two batches of mortar with washed sand and two with “as received” sand in accordance withTest Method C185. Compare the average air content for washed and unwashed sand mortars for compliance with limit in Table1.8.3 Graded SandPrepare two batches of mortar with washed sand and two with “
28、as received” sand in accordance with TestMethod C109/C109M. (See Note 2.) When Test Method C109/C109M mortar cubes are removed from the molds, determine thedensity of a group of at least three cubes from each batch by determining the mass of the cubes both in air and immersed in water.Follow procedu
29、res outlined in Test Method C127 for bulk specific gravity (SSD). Determine the mass of the cubes to at least thenearest gram. Calculate the apparent air content as follows:apparent air content5Dt2Dm!/Dt!3100 (1)where:D m = the measured density (bulk specific gravity (SSD), andDt = the theoretical d
30、ensity of air-free mortar, g/cm3.Note that Dt is calculated as the total mass of the ingredients in a batch of mortar divided by the sum of the absolute volumesof the cement, sand, and water used in the batch. Average the apparent air content of the two batches made with washed sand andcompare that
31、average with the similar average for “as received sand” mortar to determine compliance with the limit in Table 1.NOTE 2Compressive strength of Test Method C109/C109M mortar made with Specification C150 or C595 cement will be reduced approximately4 % for each percent of air in the compacted cube. How
32、ever, as many as three batches of washed and three of unwashed sand may be needed to reliablydetect a difference in strength of 7 % between washed and unwashed sand mortars.9. Rejection9.1 Standard SandReject a bag of standard sand if the contents fail to meet one or more of the requirements of this
33、specification. Sample a shipment of standard sand by selecting every 15th bag by consecutive number beginning with the 5th bagof the shipment. Count bags missing from the sequence as if they were there. Accept a shipment of standard sand if the contentsof the selected bags meet the requirements of t
34、his specification. If any of the selected bags fail to meet one or more of therequirements of this specification, resample the shipment by selecting every 15th bag by consecutive number beginning with the10th bag of the shipment. Accept a shipment of standard sand if the contents of the selected bag
35、s on the resampling meet therequirements of this specification. If any of the selected bags in the resampling fail to meet one or more of the requirements ofthis specification, and the rejected bag is within a 15-bag sequence of a bag rejected in the first selection of bags, reject the entiresequenc
36、e of bags between accepted tests. Reject the entire shipment if half of the number of bags tested fail to meet therequirements of this specification, or if the shipment consists of five bags or less if one randomly selected bag fails thespecification.9.2 Table 2 shows for both sampling and resamplin
37、g in Column 2 the number of bags to be tested based on the total numberof consecutive bags in the shipment. Column 3 shows the identification of the bag to be selected for test based on the consecutivenumber of the bags.NOTE 3For example, if, in a shipment of 30 bags, on first sampling, the 20th bag
38、 fails the specification, and on resampling, the 25th bag fails thespecification, the entire shipment is rejected. If the shipment were 100 bags and on first sampling only the 20th bag fails, and on resampling only the25th bag fails, only bags Nos. 11 to 34 would be rejected.10. Packaging and Packag
39、e Marking10.1 PackagingStandard sands shall be delivered in bags with impervious liners made of material that will not contaminatethe sand.10.2 MarkingEach bag shall be plainly marked as follows:ASTM C778 20-30 Sand orASTM C778 Graded Sand as the casemay be. The source of the sand and the mass of th
40、e sand contained therein shall be plainly indicated on each bag.TABLE 2 Sampling and Resampling of Standard SandTotal No. of ConsecutiveBags in ShipmentNo. of Bagsto TestTest in Consecutive No., theFollowing BagsSampling:less than 5 1 random5 to 19 1 5th20 to 34 2 5th and 20th35 to 49 3 5th, 20th, a
41、nd 35th50 to 64 4 5th, 20th, 35th, and 50thResampling:less than 5 none reject shipment5 to 19 1 10th20 to 34 2 10th and 25th35 to 49 3 10th, 25th, and 40th50 to 64 4 10th, 25th, 40th, and 55thC778 17311. Keywords11.1 20-30 sand; graded sand; hydraulic cement testing sand; standard sandSUMMARY OF CHA
42、NGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C778 12C778 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2017June 1, 2013.).)(1) Added 75 m reference to Revised Table 1.5.1.(2) Revised 75m reference in 8.1.1.ASTM Internationa
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