1、Designation: C 858 09Standard Specification forUnderground Precast Concrete Utility Structures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the recommended design cri-teria and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectionalprecast concrete util
3、ity structures. Concrete pipe and boxculverts are not covered under this specification. Also, precastconcrete manholes covered in Specification C 478 are excludedfrom this specification.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathe
4、maticalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 82/A 82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Con-crete ReinforcementA 184/A 184M Specification for Welded Deformed SteelBar Mats for Concrete Reinfor
5、cementA 185/A 185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Plain, for ConcreteA 496/A 496M Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, forConcrete ReinforcementA 497/A 497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein-forcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and P
6、lainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 706/A 706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel De-formed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 996/A 996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-SteelDeformed Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpe
7、cimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 42/C 42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC 150 Specification
8、for Portland CementC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for St
9、ruc-tural ConcreteC 478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-hole SectionsC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 857 Prac
10、tice for Minimum Structural Design Loading forUnderground Precast Concrete Utility StructuresC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and Mortars2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-crete32.3 American We
11、lding Society Standard:AWS-D1.4 Structural Welding Code Reinforcing Steel43. Terminology3.1 Definition of Term Specific to this Standard:3.1.1 utility structurea structure that is used by electric,gas, communication, or similar industries.1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committe
12、e C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 onUtility Structures.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 858 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
13、website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.
14、aci-int.org.4Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Ordering Information4.1 Unless otherwise stipulated by the purchaser
15、 in hisorder, a structure produced in accordance with this specifica-tion and constructed in accordance with the design drawingsapproved by the purchaser shall be acceptable.5. Materials5.1 Cementitious Materials:5.1.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirementsfor Portland cement of Specificatio
16、n C 150 or shall be Portlandblast-furnace slag cement or Portland-pozzolan cement con-forming to the requirements of Specification C 595, except thatthe pozzolan constituent in the Type IP Portland-pozzolancement shall be fly ash.5.1.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirementsof Specification
17、 C 618, Class F or Class C.5.1.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120of Specification C 989.5.1.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialThe combination of cementitious materials used in concreteshall be one of the following:
18、5.1.4.1 Portland cement only;5.1.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only;5.1.4.3 Slag-modified Portland cement only;5.1.4.4 Portland-pozzolan cement only;5.1.4.5 A combination of Portland cement and fly ash;5.1.4.6 A combination of Portland cement and groundgranulated blast-furnace slag;5.1.4.7
19、A combination of Portland cement, ground granu-lated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 %of the total cemen-titious weight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the totalcemenetitious weight).5.2 AggregatesAggregate shall conform to SpecificationC33and light-weight aggregate shall conform to Specif
20、icationC 330, except that the requirements for grading shall not apply.5.3 AdmixturesAdmixtures may be used provided suchadmixtures are not injurious to other products used in theconcrete.5.3.1 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shallconform to Specification C 494/C 494M.5.3.2 Fly Ash and Pozzol
21、anic AdmixtureFly ash or otherpozzolanic admixtures shall conform to Specification C 618.5.3.3 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admix-tures conforming to Specification C 260 shall be used whenthere is a risk that the concrete may be exposed to afreeze-thaw cycle. The concrete mixture shall co
22、ntain 5.5 61.5 % air by volume as determined by Specification C 231.5.4 WaterWater used for curing, washing aggregate, ormixing concrete shall be clean and free of injurious amounts ofoil, acids, alkalis, salts, organic materials, or other substancesthat may be incompatible with concrete or steel.5.
23、5 Steel Reinforcement:5.5.1 Wire ReinforcementWire reinforcement shall con-form to Specifications A 82/A 82M or A 496/A 496M.5.5.2 Wire Fabric ReinforcementWire fabric reinforce-ment shall conform to Specifications A 185/A 185M or A 497/A 497M.5.5.3 Bar ReinforcementBar reinforcement shall conformto
24、 Specifications A 184/A 184M, A 615/A 615M, A 706/A 706M,orA 996/A 996M.6. Manufacture6.1 FormsForms shall be accurately constructed andstrong enough to maintain the structures dimensions withinthe tolerances given in Section 8. Forms should be constructedin such a manner as to minimize the seepage
25、of water. Allcasting surfaces shall be smooth nonporous material.6.1.1 Cleaning and OilingForms shall be cleaned beforeeach use. New forms shall be free of paint or other protectivecoatings that might cling to the surface of the structure.Releasing agents applied to the form to aid in breaking thebo
26、nd between the form and the concrete shall not be injuriousto the concrete.6.2 ReinforcementSteel reinforcement shall conform tothe requirements of this specification and shall be securelypositioned in the form to maintain design concrete cover givenin Section 7 during concrete placement. All chairs
27、, bolsters,braces, and spacers in contact with form and reinforcing rodshall be of material that will not deteriorate.6.3 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, propor-tioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with proportionsof cement and water as will produce a homogeneous concretehavin
28、g the required specified compressive strength. If Ready-Mix concrete is used, it shall be in accordance with Specifica-tion C 94/C 94M.6.4 Concrete PlacementConcrete shall be deposited asnearly as practicable in its final position. Concrete shall beplaced in the form at a rate such that the concrete
29、 is plastic atall times and flows readily into all parts of the form and aroundall reinforcement steel and embedded fixtures without segre-gation of materials. Concrete that has partially hardened or hasbeen contaminated by foreign material shall not be deposited inthe form.6.5 CuringStructures shal
30、l be cured by an accepted in-dustry method that will develop the required 28-day compres-sive strength without affecting the long-term durability of theconcrete.7. Design Requirements7.1 The elastic method of structural design or the strengthdesign method of reinforced concrete design as outlined in
31、ACI 318, shall be used to design the concrete sections, includ-ing the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjectedto the loading conditions covered in Practice C 857.7.2 Access OpeningsThe structural design shall take intoconsideration the number, placement, and size of accessopenings.7.
32、3 FloorsThe minimum floor thickness resulting fromslope shall be considered as the nominal floor thickness in thedesign of the structure.7.4 Terminators, Knockouts, and SumpsDuct terminators,knockouts, and sumps shall be designed to carry the loadsimposed upon them. The basic structure shall be desi
33、gned tocarry all imposed loads with knockouts removed.C8580927.5 Placement of ReinforcementThe design concretecover for reinforcing bars, mats, or fabric shall be not less than34 in. (19 mm) subject to the requirements of Section 8.7.6 Concrete StrengthThe minimum specified compres-sive strength for
34、 design shall be 3000 psi (21 MPa) at 28 daysof age. Compressive-strength tests should be made in accor-dance with Practices C 31/C 31M and C 192/C 192M and TestMethods C 39/C 39M and C 42/C 42M.7.7 JointsJoints in sectional precast concrete structureshall be designed so as to be self-aligning when
35、assemblingsections of the structure.7.7.1 The manufacturer shall provide a single joint designon all units of the same size and type to ensure interchange-ability.7.8 Lifting DevicesDesign of lifting devices shall con-form to requirements as specified in the Lifting DevicesSection of Practice C 857.
36、8. Permissible Variations8.1 Dimensional TolerancesThe length, width, height, ordiameter measurements of the structure when measured on theinside surfaces shall not deviate from design dimensions bymore than the following:Dimensions Tolerance0to5ft(0to1.52m) 614 in. (66 mm)5 to 10 ft (1.52 to 3.05 m
37、) 638 in. (610 mm)10 to 20 ft (3.058 to 6.10 m) 612 in. (613 mm)20 ft (6.10 m) and over as agreed upon between thesupplier and purchaser8.2 Squareness ToleranceThe inside of the precast con-crete component shall be square as determined by diagonalmeasurements. The difference between such measurement
38、sshall not exceed the following:Measured Length Allowable Difference0to10ft(0to3.05m)12 in. (13 mm)10 to 20 ft (3.05 to 6.10 m)34 in. (19 mm)20 ft (6.10 m) and over as agreed upon between thesupplier and purchaser8.3 Joint SurfacesThe inside joint seam gap between twosections placed together without
39、 a joint sealant shall not exceed38 in. (9.5 mm).8.4 Insert LocationInsert locations for attachments ineach component shall not deviate individually or cumulativelymore than 618 in. (3.18 mm) from dimensions on specificationdrawings.8.5 Reinforcement LocationWith reference to thicknessdimension of w
40、all or slab, reinforcement shall be within 614in. (6.3 mm) of the design location but in no case shall thecover be less than34 in. (19 mm). The reinforcement spacingshall not vary more than one tenth of the designed bar spacingnor exceed 112 in. (38 mm) in variation, except for welded wiremesh which
41、 shall conform to Specifications A 185/A 185M orA 497/A 497M.8.6 Slab and Wall ThicknessThe slab and wall thicknessshall not be less than that shown in the design by more than5% or316 in. (4.8 mm), whichever is greater. A thicknessgreater than that required in the design shall not be a cause forreje
42、ction.9. Repairs9.1 Precast concrete structures may be repaired. Repairsshall be performed at the direction of the manufacturer in amanner to ensure that the repaired structure conforms to therequirements of this specification.10. Inspection10.1 The quality of materials, process of manufacture, andt
43、he finished structure shall be subject to inspection at anytimeby the purchaser or his representative.11. Rejection11.1 Precast concrete structures or sections of structuresshall be subject to rejection upon failure to conform to any ofthe specified requirements contained herein, or if any of thefol
44、lowing imperfections occur:11.1.1 Defects that indicate any imperfect concrete mixingand molding, or11.1.2 Surface defects indicated by honeycombed or open-texture and damaged areas where such defects would affect thestructural adequacy.12. Certification12.1 At the request of the purchaser, the manu
45、facturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of a structure, furnish a statementgiving the source and type of cement, the source and specificgravities of the aggregates, the concrete mix proportions,strength, type, amount, and name of admixtures and millcertificates for the reinforcement steel used i
46、n manufacture.13. Product Marking13.1 The weight shall be marked on the outside of eachcomponent section.13.2 The purchaser may in his order request additionalinformation to be marked on the component section.13.3 The method of marking shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier prior
47、 to ordering.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of suc
48、h rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for addit
49、ional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) o
