1、Designation: C 891 90 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Practice forInstallation of Underground Precast Concrete UtilityStructures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed in theplanning, site preparation, and installation of u
3、ndergroundprecast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe and boxculverts are not covered under this practice. Also, precastconcrete manholes covered in Specification C 478 are excludedfrom this practice.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given
4、 in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
5、limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-hole Sections23. Survey3.1 The installation area shall be surveyed using the work-print and a checklist to identify the work to be done and todetermine that the plans are correc
6、t.3.1.1 The location of the utility structure should be where itwill cause minimum interference with traffic and shall beclearly defined on work prints.3.1.2 All underground facilities and structures such as gas,water, sewer, power, telephone cable, and so forth shall belocated and identified. Locat
7、ion markings shall be placed bythe affected utilities before the construction.3.2 The survey shall identify any obstacles such as overheadwires, building structures, and so forth that will interfere withcrane operations, work progress, or create a safety hazard.Precautionary arrangements shall be ma
8、de before excavationbegins.3.3 The survey shall give consideration to the soil structureso that proper shoring, sloping, or both, may be planned inadvance of the excavation work.4. Planning4.1 Permits required to do work in accordance with thedetail plans shall be secured before starting the job. Al
9、l permitsor a record of the permits shall be retained on the job forimmediate reference.4.2 All utilities and owners of surface and subsurfacefacilities and structures in the area shall be given advancenotification of proposed excavation. Every effort shall be madeto avoid damage to the facilities o
10、f others. If any damageoccurs, the owner of the damaged facility shall be notifiedimmediately.4.3 Planning shall include the coordination of all respon-sible parties to ensure that arrangements for removal of brokenpavement, rocks, excess spoil, and so forth have been made.Responsible parties shall
11、arrange for the delivery, distribution,and storage of required material. If such material cannot bestored on the site, other storage areas must be provided.4.4 Should it appear that a structure location will interferewith traffic, review the situation with the engineer and notifyappropriate authorit
12、ies.4.5 Provide for access to call boxes, fire hydrants, etc.5. Safety Requirements5.1 Safety requirements for construction shall be in accor-dance with all federal, state, and local regulations.5.2 The utility structure or any sections that comprise thestructure assembly shall only be lifted at the
13、 lifting points sodesignated by the manufacturer.6. Excavating6.1 Coordinate the various excavation operations from thepoint of opening the pavement to completion of backfill so thatthe work area thus occupied is kept to a minimum consistentwith the conditions governing the work. This is particularl
14、yimportant where an excavation is adjacent to hospitals, policeand fire department buildings, service stations, and so forth.6.2 If unforeseen facilities or obstructions are encountered,stop excavating operations immediately. Expose the obstruc-tions with wood handled digging tools and investigate t
15、hem1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 onUtility Structures.Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1997
16、as C 89190 (1997).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.with caution. If there is any doubt as to the type of obstructionexposed, request positive identification from those suspecte
17、d ofowning the facility and then proceed as circumstances dictate.6.3 Buried work frequently requires the use of heavyconstruction equipment and transport of heavy loads. Certainsoil conditions may be encountered that will not support theseloads. To avoid hazards and unnecessary delays caused bycave
18、-ins or equipment becoming mired, carefully observe theprevailing conditions beforehand and take appropriate preven-tive measures.6.4 When excavating across highways, streets, alleys,drives, and walks, perform the work in a manner that willminimize interference with traffic. If necessary, bridge the
19、opening with a structure of adequate strength to support anytraffic likely to pass over it. Handrails are required forstructures bridging sidewalk openings.6.5 Inspect excavations after every rainstorm or otherhazard-increasing occurrence, and increase the protectionagainst slides and cave-ins, if n
20、ecessary.6.6 In dewatering excavations, make certain that the dis-charge is carried to a suitable runoff point.6.7 The excavation size must allow for the overall as-sembled height of the utility structure plus the height of collarsections, a manhole frame and cover, and any bedding materialrequired.
21、 A clearance of 12 in. (300 mm) around the sidewallsof the structure is recommended for ease of installation.7. Shoring7.1 Shoring for construction shall be in accordance with allfederal, state, and local regulations.7.2 Install shoring by starting at the top of the excavationand working down. Take
22、care to place braces and jacks in a truehorizontal position with proper vertical spacing. Braces mustbe firmly secured to prevent kickouts.7.3 All materials used for shoring must be in good conditionand of the right size. Do not use timbers with large loose knots.Prefabricated box type shoring is pe
23、rmitted provided it is cleanand structurally sound after previous use.7.4 Installation of the shoring should follow closely theexcavation work even if no work is being done in theexcavation. The longer an excavation is left unsupported, thegreater the chance of a cave-in.7.5 As soon as the work in t
24、he excavation is completed andthe utility structure has been installed, remove the shoring andcomplete the backfilling, unless otherwise instructed by au-thorities. Remove the shoring from the bottom up. Release thejacks or braces slowly. Use chains or wire ropes to pull out thejacks or braces from
25、above.8. Installation Procedures8.1 Consult the detailed plan for the proper orientation ofthe precast concrete utility structure to ensure proper alignmentwith entering cables, pipes, or conduits.8.2 Do not place damaged precast concrete sections unlessapproved by the customer.8.3 Do not field modi
26、fy the structure unless it is determinedthat such modifications (for example, cuts to form slots orholes) will not adversely affect the strength of the structure.8.4 Do not install structures under conditions known toresult in loads heavier than that for which the structure wasdesigned.8.5 After the
27、 excavation has been completed to the requireddimensions specified on the detailed plan, level off the areawhere the base section will be located. If necessary, to providea more level and solid foundation, fill in and compact the finesoil, sand, or gravel. Set the base as level as possible so anywat
28、er in the structure will drain toward the sumps.8.6 Assemble the multisection utility structures by loweringeach section into the excavation. Lower, set level, and firmlyposition the base section before placing the additional sections.8.7 Where the possibility exists of a watertight structurebecomin
29、g buoyant in a flooded excavation, take necessarysteps to avoid flotation of the structure.8.8 To ensure joint integrity when joining sections ofprecast concrete structures, give particular attention to remov-ing all foreign materials such as dirt, mud, and stones fromjoint surfaces and see that all
30、 sealing materials are placedproperly.8.9 The sealing material provided for the joints betweensections may be installed at the job site or at the manufacturersplant.8.10 If a mortar grout is to be used as a seal, clean andmoisten all surfaces to be grouted. The grout should be of aconsistency so tha
31、t it will not flow when applied. Apply themortar grout in a manner to ensure filling of all voids in thejoint being sealed.8.11 Apply the mortar grout in an amount to provide aminimum of38-in. (10-mm) thickness of mortar on all jointsurfaces. After assembly, dress the interior joints to removeexcess
32、 mortar.8.12 If a misalignment of sections occurs during installa-tion, remove the appropriate section. If the sealing material isdamaged, clean the joint surfaces before repairing or placingnew sealing material. Avoid misalignment of sections by usingguide devices attached to the lower section to p
33、osition theupper section into place.9. Backfilling and Restoration9.1 Do the backfilling as soon as possible after the utilitystructure has been placed.9.2 Excavations shall meet or exceed requirements of thelocal permit granting authority and backfilled with a granularmaterial free from large stone
34、s, rocks, pavement, and so forth.Expansive soil material shall not be used as backfill around thestructure.9.3 When a precast concrete utility structure is placed in anunpaved area, slope the area around the entrance frame andcover to provide drainage away from the entrance cover. Slopethe final gra
35、ding upward to within 1 in. (25 mm) of the topsurface of the frame and cover.9.4 Backfill ProceduresBackfilling shall be achieved byusing lifts (layers) or flooding (jetting) the excavation to therequired compaction.9.5 Restoration of the area where the utility structure wasinstalled shall meet the
36、requirements of the local grantingauthority or the property owner.C 891 90 (2003)29.6 Followup inspections for settlement are required.Should settlement occur, the contractor shall be responsible forthe necessary repair to restore the area to its original conditionin accordance with the terms of the
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40、STM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 891 90 (2003)3
