1、Designation: C90 14C90 15Standard Specification forLoadbearing Concrete Masonry Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hollow and solid (see 5.3 and 5.4) co
3、ncrete masonry units made from hydraulic cement, water, andmineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. There are three classes of concrete masonry units: (Normal1)normal weight, ( Weight, Medium Weight,2) medium weight, and ( and Lightweight.3) lightweight. These units are s
4、uitable forboth loadbearing and nonloadbearing applications.1.2 Concrete masonry units covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.NOTE 1The requirements of this specification have been researched, evaluated, and established for over a century, result
5、ing in the physical propertiesand attributes defined here. These requirements are uniquely and solely applicable to concrete masonry units manufactured on equipment using low orzero slump concrete and the constituent materials defined herein. Many performance attributes of concrete masonry units are
6、 indirectly accounted for,or inherently reflected within, the requirements of this specification without direct measurement, assessment, or evaluation. Applying the requirementsof this specification to products that may be similar in appearance, use, or nature to those covered by this specification
7、may not address all pertinentphysical properties necessary to ensure performance or serviceability of the resulting construction in real-world applications under typical exposureenvironments. Products manufactured using alternative materials, manufacturing methods, or curing processes not covered by
8、 this specification shouldnot be evaluated solely using the requirements in this specification; however, developers of new products can consider the property requirements of thisspecification as a beginning benchmark for unit performance. It is reasonable to test new products for system performance
9、as well as unit performance.1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to
10、be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 2When particular features are desired such as surface textures for appearance or bond, finish, color, or particular properties
11、such as densityclassification, higher compressive strength, fire resistance, thermal performance or acoustical performance, these features should be specified separatelyby the purchaser. Suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of units having the desired features.2. Referenced Documents
12、2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage o
13、f Concrete Masonry UnitsC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 P
14、erformance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 onConcr
15、ete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Dec. 15, 2015. Published February 2014January 2016. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 20132014as C90 13.C90 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0090-14.10.1520/C0090-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM w
16、ebsite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indica
17、tion of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be con
18、sidered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1314 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Masonry PrismsE519 Test Method for Diagonal T
19、ension (Shear) in Masonry AssemblagesE72 Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this specification.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the following applicabl
20、e specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement conforming to Specification C150, modified as follows:(1) LimestoneIf calcium carbonate is added to the cement, the CaCO3 content shall not be less than 85 %.(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5
21、%.(3) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max.(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition7 %.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C595.4.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.6 Blast Furnace Slag CementSpecification C989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpe
22、cification C1240.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the following specifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331.4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecificatio
23、n C979.4.4 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, integral water repellents, and other constituents shall be previously establishedas suitable for use in concrete masonry units and shall conform to applicable ASTM standards or shall be shown by test orexperience not to be detrimental to the durabi
24、lity of the concrete masonry units or any material customarily used in masonryconstruction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, units shall conform to the physical requirements prescribed in Table 1 and Table2. All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other def
25、ects that interfere with the proper placement of the unit or significantlyimpair the strength or permanence of the construction. Minor cracks, incidental to the usual method of manufacture or minorchipping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery, are not grounds for rej
26、ection.NOTE 3Higher compressive strengths than those listed in Table 2 may be specified where required by design. Consult with suppliers to determineavailability of units of higher compressive strength.NOTE 4Oven-dry densities of concrete masonry units generally fall within the range of 85 to 145 lb
27、f/ft3 (1360 to 2320 kg/m3). Because availabledensities will vary, suppliers should be consulted before specifying project requirements.5.1.1 When higher compressive strengths than those listed in Table 2 are specified, the tested average net area compressivestrength of three units shall equal or exc
28、eed the specified compressive strength, and the tested individual unit net area compressivestrength of all three units shall exceed 90 % of the specified compressive strength.5.2 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, the linear shrinkage of units shall not exceed 0.065 %.TABLE 1 Minimum Face She
29、lls and Web RequirementsANominal Width (W) of Units,in. (mm)Face Shell Thickness (tfs),min, in. (mm)B,CWebsWeb ThicknessC (tw),min, in. (mm)Normalized Web Area (Anw),min, in.2/ft2 (mm2/m2)D3 (76.2) and 4 (102) 34 (19) 34 (19) 6.5 (45,140)6 (152) 1 (25) 34 (19) 6.5 (45,140)8 (203) and greater 114 (32
30、) 34 (19) 6.5 (45,140)AAverage of measurements on a minimum of 3 units when measured as described in Test Methods C140.BWhen this standard is used for units having split surfaces, a maximum of 10 % of the split surface is permitted to have thickness less than those shown, but not less than34 in. (19
31、.1 mm). When the units are to be solid grouted, the 10 % limit does not apply and Footnote C establishes a thickness requirement for the entire faceshell.CWhen the units are to be solid grouted, minimum face shell and web thickness shall be not less than 58 in. (16 mm).DMinimum normalized web area d
32、oes not apply to the portion of the unit to be filled with grout. The length of that portion shall be deducted from the overall length of theunit for the calculation of the minimum web cross-sectional area.C90 152NOTE 5The purchaser is the public body or authority, association, corporation, partners
33、hip, or individual entering into a contract or agreement topurchase or install, or both, concrete masonry units. The time of delivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or the purchasers agenttransports the concrete masonry units, or at the time unloaded at the worksite if the manufact
34、urer or the manufacturers agent transports the concretemasonry units.5.3 Hollow Units:5.3.1 Face shell thickness (tfs) and web thickness (tw) shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.NOTE 6Web thickness (tw) not conforming to the requirements prescribed in Table 1 may be approved, pro
35、vided equivalent structural capability hasbeen established when tested in accordance with the applicable provisions ofTest Methods E72, C1314, E519, or other applicable tests and the appropriatedesign criteria developed is in accordance with applicable building codes.5.4 Solid Units:5.4.1 The net cr
36、oss-sectional area of solid units in every plane parallel to the bearing surface shall be not less than 75 % of thegross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.5.5 End Flanges:5.5.1 For units having end flanges, the thickness of each flange shall not be less than the minimum face shell thic
37、kness.NOTE 7Flanges beveled at the ends for mortarless head joint applications that will be filled with grout are exempt from this requirement. Flangeswhich are specially shaped for mortarless head joint applications which have been shown by testing or field experience to provide equivalent performa
38、nceare exempt from this requirement.6. Permissible Variations in Dimensions6.1 Standard UnitsFor standard units, no overall dimension (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than 618 in. (3.2mm) from the specified dimensions.6.2 Particular Feature UnitsFor particular feature units, dimensio
39、ns shall be in accordance with the following:6.2.1 For molded face units, no overall dimension (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) fromthe specified standard dimension. Dimensions of molded features shall be within 6116 in. (1.6 mm) of the specified standarddimensi
40、ons and shall be within 6116 in. (1.6 mm) of the specified placement of the molded feature.NOTE 8Molded features include, but are not limited to: ribs, scores, hex-shapes, and patterns.6.2.2 For split-faced units, all non-split overall dimensions shall differ by not more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from t
41、he specifiedstandard dimensions.6.2.3 For slump units, no overall height dimension shall differ by more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standarddimension.NOTE 9On faces that are split or slumped, overall dimensions will vary. Consult with suppliers to determine achievable dimensional tolera
42、nces forproducts including these features.7. Finish and Appearance7.1 No more than 5 % of the units in the shipment shall exhibit one or more of the characteristics described in 7.1.1 through7.1.4 and 7.2.7.1.1 Units with dimensions not meeting the requirements of 6.1.7.1.2 Units with finished face(
43、s) containing chips larger than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in any direction.7.1.3 Units with finished face(s) containing cracks wider than 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) and longer than 25 % of the nominal heightof the unit.7.1.4 Units that are broken.NOTE 10Units specified to have particular features or finishes, such as
44、split-face and tumbled units, should not be evaluated for conformance of suchfeatures to the requirements of 7.1.2.7.2 Where units are to be used in exposed wall construction, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, not otherwise permitted in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3, or other
45、 imperfections when viewed from a distance of not less than 20 ft (6.1m) under diffused lighting.7.3 The color and texture of units shall be specified by the purchaser. The finished surfaces that will be exposed in place shallconform to an approved sample, consisting of not less than four units, rep
46、resenting the range of texture and color permitted.TABLE 2 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsDensity Classification Oven-Dry Densityof Concrete, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)Maximum WaterAbsorption, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strength, lb/in2 (MPa)Average of 3 Units Averag
47、e of 3 Units Individual Units Average of 3 Units Individual UnitsLightweight Less than 105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 2000 (13.8) 1800 (12.4)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125(16802000)15 (240) 17 (272) 2000 (13.8) 1800 (12.4)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 2000 (13.8) 1800 (12.4)C9
48、0 153NOTE 11Concrete masonry units are produced using a wide variety of natural aggregates and other materials.As such, slight variations inherent fromnatural materials should be expected. Since specifying units and approving samples can take place several months prior to production of actual units
49、fora project, slight variations in appearance from the approved sample are to be expected.8. Sampling and Testing8.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the units at the placeof manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.8.2 Compressive strength, absorption, density, and dimensional tolerances shall be based on tests of concrete masonry units ofany configuration or dimension made with the same materials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process, and curing method,
