1、Designation: C90 16aStandard Specification forLoadbearing Concrete Masonry Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C90; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hollow and solid (see 5.3 and5.4) conc
3、rete masonry units made from hydraulic cement,water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion ofother materials. There are three classes of concrete masonryunits: Normal Weight, Medium Weight, and Lightweight.These units are suitable for both loadbearing and nonloadbear-ing applications.
4、1.2 Concrete masonry units covered by this specification aremade from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.NOTE 1The requirements of this specification have been researched,evaluated, and established for over a century, resulting in the physicalproperties and attributes defined here. The
5、se requirements are uniquelyand solely applicable to concrete masonry units manufactured on equip-ment using low or zero slump concrete and the constituent materialsdefined herein. Many performance attributes of concrete masonry units areindirectly accounted for, or inherently reflected within, the
6、requirementsof this specification without direct measurement, assessment, or evalua-tion. Applying the requirements of this specification to products that maybe similar in appearance, use, or nature to those covered by thisspecification may not address all pertinent physical properties necessary toe
7、nsure performance or serviceability of the resulting construction inreal-world applications under typical exposure environments. Productsmanufactured using alternative materials, manufacturing methods, orcuring processes not covered by this specification should not be evaluatedsolely using the requi
8、rements in this specification; however, developers ofnew products can consider the property requirements of this specificationas a beginning benchmark for unit performance. It is reasonable to testnew products for system performance as well as unit performance.1.3 The text of this specification refe
9、rences notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathemati
10、calconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.NOTE 2When particular features are desired such as surface texturesfor appearance or bond, finish, color, or particular properties such asdensity classification, higher compressive strength, fire resista
11、nce, thermalperformance or acoustical performance, these features should be specifiedseparately by the purchaser. Suppliers should be consulted as to theavailability of units having the desired features.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140/C14
12、0M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Con-crete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forConcrete Masonry UnitsC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry UnitsC595/C595M Specification for
13、 Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col-ored ConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for
14、 HydraulicCementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1314 Test Method for Compressive Strength of MasonryPrismsE519/E519M Test Method for Diagonal Tension (Shear) inMasonry AssemblagesE72 Test Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of Panelsfor B
15、uilding Construction3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall applyfor this specification.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Relat
16、ed Units.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C90 15. DOI:10.1520/C0090-16A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
17、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis inter
18、national standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Com
19、mittee.14. Materials4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to thefollowing applicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150/C150M.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement con-forming to Specification C150/C150M, modified as follows:(1) LimestoneIf calcium carbonate i
20、s added to thecement, the CaCO3content shall not be less than 85 %.(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(3) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent,22 % max.(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition7 %.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C595/C595M.4.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification
21、 C1157/C1157M.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.6 Blast Furnace Slag CementSpecification C989/C989M.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the followingspecifications, except for the grading requirements:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33/C33M
22、.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331/C331M.NOTE 3The grading requirements of Specifications C33/C33M andC331/C331M may not be suitable for concrete masonry production.Because of this, producers are allowed to modify grading to meet theirneeds and the requirements of this specification.4.3
23、 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979/C979M.4.4 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, integral wa-ter repellents, and other constituents shall be previously estab-lished as suitable for use in concrete masonry units and shallconform to applicable ASTM standards or shall be s
24、hown bytest or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of theconcrete masonry units or any material customarily used inmasonry construction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, units shallconform to the physical requirements prescribed in Table 1 andTable
25、2. All units shall be sound and free of cracks or otherdefects that interfere with the proper placement of the unit orsignificantly impair the strength or permanence of the construc-tion. Minor cracks, incidental to the usual method of manufac-ture or minor chipping resulting from customary methods
26、ofhandling in shipment and delivery, are not grounds for rejec-tion.NOTE 4Higher compressive strengths than those listed in Table 2 maybe specified where required by design. Consult with suppliers to determineavailability of units of higher compressive strength.NOTE 5Oven-dry densities of concrete m
27、asonry units generally fallwithin the range of 85 to 145 lbf/ft3(1360 to 2320 kg/m3). Becauseavailable densities will vary, suppliers should be consulted before speci-fying project requirements.5.1.1 When higher compressive strengths than those listedin Table 2 are specified, the tested average net
28、area compres-sive strength of three units shall equal or exceed the specifiedcompressive strength, and the tested individual unit net areacompressive strength of all three units shall exceed 90 % of thespecified compressive strength. Compressive strength shall betested in accordance with 8.2.5.2 At
29、the time of delivery to the purchaser, the averagelinear shrinkage of the three units tested shall not exceed0.065 % when tested in accordance with 8.3.NOTE 6The purchaser is the public body or authority, association,corporation, partnership, or individual entering into a contract or agree-ment to p
30、urchase or install, or both, concrete masonry units. The time ofdelivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or thepurchasers agent transports the concrete masonry units, or at the timeunloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturers agenttransports the concrete masonry
31、 units.5.3 Hollow Units:5.3.1 Face shell thickness (tfs) and web thickness (tw) shallconform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.NOTE 7Web thickness (tw) not conforming to the requirementsprescribed in Table 1 may be approved, provided equivalent structuralcapability has been established when
32、tested in accordance with theapplicable provisions of Test Methods E72, C1314, E519/E519M, or otherapplicable tests and the appropriate design criteria developed is inaccordance with applicable building codes.5.4 Solid Units:5.4.1 The net cross-sectional area of solid units in everyplane parallel to
33、 the bearing surface shall be not less than 75 %of the gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.5.5 End Flanges:5.5.1 For units having end flanges, the thickness of eachflange shall not be less than the minimum face shell thickness.NOTE 8Flanges beveled at the ends for mortarless head j
34、ointTABLE 1 Minimum Face Shells and Web RequirementsANominal Width (W) of Units,in. (mm)Face Shell Thickness (tfs),min, in. (mm)B,CWebsWeb ThicknessC(tw),min, in. (mm)Normalized Web Area (Anw),min, in.2/ft2(mm2/m2)D3 (76.2) and 4 (102)34 (19)34 (19) 6.5 (45,140)6 (152) 1 (25)34 (19) 6.5 (45,140)8 (2
35、03) and greater 114 (32)34 (19) 6.5 (45,140)AAverage of measurements on a minimum of 3 units when measured as described in Test Methods C140/C140M.BWhen this standard is used for units having split surfaces, a maximum of 10 % of the split surface is permitted to have thickness less than those shown,
36、 but not less than34 in. (19.1 mm). When the units are to be solid grouted, the 10 % limit does not apply and Footnote C establishes a thickness requirement for the entire faceshell.CWhen the units are to be solid grouted, minimum face shell and web thickness shall be not less than58 in. (16 mm).DMi
37、nimum normalized web area does not apply to the portion of the unit to be filled with grout. The length of that portion shall be deducted from the overall length of theunit for the calculation of the minimum web cross-sectional area.C90 16a2applications that will be filled with grout are exempt from
38、 this require-ment. Flanges which are specially shaped for mortarless head jointapplications which have been shown by testing or field experience toprovide equivalent performance are exempt from this requirement.6. Permissible Variations in Dimensions6.1 Standard UnitsFor standard units, no overall
39、dimen-sion (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified dimensions.6.2 Particular Feature UnitsFor particular feature units,dimensions shall be in accordance with the following:6.2.1 For molded face units, no overall dimension (width,height, and length) sh
40、all differ by more than 618 in. (3.2 mm)from the specified standard dimension. Dimensions of moldedfeatures shall be within 6116 in. (1.6 mm) of the specifiedstandard dimensions and shall be within 6116 in. (1.6 mm) ofthe specified placement of the molded feature.NOTE 9Molded features include, but a
41、re not limited to: ribs, scores,hex-shapes, and patterns.6.2.2 For split-faced units, all non-split overall dimensionsshall differ by not more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from thespecified standard dimensions.6.2.3 For slump units, no overall height dimension shalldiffer by more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from
42、 the specifiedstandard dimension.NOTE 10On faces that are split or slumped, overall dimensions willvary. Consult with suppliers to determine achievable dimensional toler-ances for products including these features.7. Finish and Appearance7.1 No more than 5 % of the units in the shipment shallexhibit
43、 one or more of the characteristics described in 7.1.1through 7.1.4 and 7.2.7.1.1 Units with dimensions not meeting the requirementsof 6.1.7.1.2 Units with finished face(s) containing chips larger than1 in. (25.4 mm) in any direction.7.1.3 Units with finished face(s) containing cracks widerthan 0.02
44、 in. (0.5 mm) and longer than 25 % of the nominalheight of the unit.7.1.4 Units that are broken.NOTE 11Units specified to have particular features or finishes, such assplit-face and tumbled units, should not be evaluated for conformance ofsuch features to the requirements of 7.1.2.7.2 Where units ar
45、e to be used in exposed wall construction,the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, not otherwise permitted in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3, or otherimperfections when viewed from a distance of not less than 20ft (6.1 m) under diffused lighting.7.3 The color and texture of units sha
46、ll be specified by thepurchaser. The finished surfaces that will be exposed in placeshall conform to an approved sample, consisting of not lessthan four units, representing the range of texture and colorpermitted.NOTE 12Concrete masonry units are produced using a wide variety ofnatural aggregates an
47、d other materials. As such, slight variations inherentfrom natural materials should be expected. Since specifying units andapproving samples can take place several months prior to production ofactual units for a project, slight variations in appearance from theapproved sample are to be expected.8. S
48、ampling and Testing8.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall beaccorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the units at theplace of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.8.2 Compressive strength, absorption, density, and dimen-sional tolerances shall be based on tests of concr
49、ete masonryunits of any configuration or dimension made with the samematerials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process, andcuring method, conducted in accordance with Test MethodsC140/C140M and not more than 12 months prior to delivery.8.3 Total linear drying shrinkage shall be based on tests ofconcrete masonry units of any configuration or dimensionmade with the same materials, concrete mix design, manufac-turing process, and curing method, conducted in accordancewith Test Method C426 and not more than 24 months prior todelivery.9.
