1、Designation: C 911 06Standard Specification forQuicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for SelectedChemical and Industrial Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 911; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers lime and limestone productssuitable for the following chemical and industr
3、ial uses:Cooking ragsSulfite pulpSilica brickOther water treatment usesCalcium carbideGreaseCalcium silicate productsHypochlorite (bleach)The following uses are addressed in other ASTM standards:Use Standard(s)Neutralization of Waste Acid (TestMethods)C 400Agricultural Liming Materials C 602Soil Sta
4、bilization C 977Asphalt C 1097Flue Gas Desulfurization (Test Meth-ods)C 1318Drinking Water Softening C 1529Waste and Wastewater Neutralization C 1529Wastewater Treatment Plant Residuals(Biosolids) StabilizationC 1529 and D 62491.2 The type designations in Table 1 signify the following:Limestone, hig
5、h-calciumCLLimestone, dolomiticDLLimestone, magnesianMLQuicklime, high-calciumCQQuicklime, dolomiticDQQuicklime, magnesianMQHydrated lime, high-calciumCHHydrated lime, dolomiticDHHydrated lime, magnesianMH1.3 The buyer shall designate the use, as listed in Table 1,and may specify one or more of the
6、type designations in 1.1.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applicabil-ity of regulatory limitations pri
7、or to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,Quicklime, and Hydrated LimeC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packag-ing, and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,Hydrated Lime,
8、 and LimestoneC 400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime forNeutralization of Waste AcidC 602 Specification for Agricultural Liming MaterialsC 977 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime forSoil StabilizationC 1097 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in AsphaltCement or Bituminous
9、PavementsC 1318 Test Method for Determination of Total Neutraliz-ing Capability and Dissolved Calcium and MagnesiumOxide in Lime for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)C 1529 Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, andLimestone for Environmental UsesD 6249 Guide for Alkaline Stabilization of Wastewat
10、erTreatment Plant Residuals3. Chemical Composition3.1 The requirements for quicklime, hydrated lime, andlimestone for the selected end uses are as shown in Table 1, andare on the basis of the weight of sample taken at the place ofmanufacture, except as noted in footnote B after the require-ment. In
11、this case, the requirement is on a moisture and carbondioxide-free basis.NOTE 1Rags are cooked for the manufacture of paper in a digesterunder steam pressure with lime or with lime and soda ash. They are thenwashed to eliminate as much of the noncellulose material as possible. Astandard composition
12、without rejection limits is specified for the reasonthat lime of either higher or lower total oxides, available lime, calciumoxide, or calcium hydroxide than the standard, may safely be used undersuitable conditions for the purpose herein specified, depending primarilyupon economic considerations. I
13、n the present state of the art, it is believed1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Limeand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.03 on Industrial Uses.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previo
14、us edition approved in 2005 as C 911 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Change
15、s section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.that the more serviceable type of specification for the product hereinspecified is that which defines a reasonable standard rather than one
16、thatfixes actual rejection limits. It is generally recognized that, other thingsbeing equal, lime meeting this standard is preferable to lime that does not,and lime surpassing the standard should be considered of premium quality.NOTE 2Lime is used in the “milk of lime” or “tank” system of sulfitepul
17、p manufacture for making the cooking liquor. The milk of lime is heldin solution or suspension in a series of tanks equipped with suitableagitators. The sulfur dioxide (SO2) is forced or drawn through these tankssuccessively. In some cases, the tanks are built on top of each other in theform of a to
18、wer. The contents of the first tank are drawn off when theliquor has reached a certain strength (3.5 to 6 % total SO2) and thecontents of the second and third tanks progress to the first and secondtanks respectively. The third tank is again charged with fresh milk of lime.There are other systems of
19、absorption that provide for continuous insteadof intermittent operation. The function of the lime is to furnish the base forthe formation of the bisulfites of calcium and magnesium.NOTE 3In the manufacture of silica brick, silica in the form ofmassive quartzite or quartz conglomerate is ground until
20、 the particles areless than14 in. (6 mm) in size. Lime in the form of either slaked orhydrated lime is then added in quantities varying from 1.5 to 3.0 %calcium oxide (CaO), with sufficient water to produce about 5 to 7 %moisture content, and the shapes are molded and dried. They are thenburned in d
21、owndraft or tunnel kilns until most of the quartzite has beenconverted into tridymite or cristobalite.NOTE 4For most water treatment applications, such as color removaland clarification of water for municipal and industrial supplies, high-calcium lime is preferred. However, for applications involvin
22、g silicaremoval from boiler feedwater, dolomitic lime is usually preferred.Drinking water softening and wastewater neutralization are addressed inSpecification C 1529.NOTE 5In manufacture of calcium hypochlorite bleach, lime hydratein water suspension is reacted with chlorine. Lime hydrate suitable
23、for thisapplication should be rapidly reactive, low in sludge-forming impurities,and particularly low in iron oxide, that may catalyze bleach decomposi-tion.4. General Requirements4.1 Quicklime shall be reasonably free of unslakable resi-dues and shall be capable of disintegrating in water to form a
24、suspension of finely divided material.5. Sampling and Inspection5.1 Conduct the sampling, inspection, rejection, retesting,packaging, and marking in accordance with Methods C50.6. Test Methods6.1 The chemical analyses shall be made in accordance withTest Methods C25.TABLE 1 Lime and Limestone for Ch
25、emical and Industrial UsesUseASTMSpecifi-cationANotesRefer-encedApprovedTypes ofLime orStoneChemical Requirements, %CaOminCaO,+MgOminSiO2+Fe2O3,+Al2O3,maxMgO,maxCO2,maxSiO2+insolu-blematter,maxAl2O3+Fe2O3,maxAvail-ableCaO,minFe2O3,maxChemicalOtherCooking rags C 45 1 CH . . . . . . . 64.3B. .Cooking
26、rags C 45 1 CQ . . . . . . . 90.0B. .Sulfite pulp C 46 2 CQ, MQ . 95.0C3.0C. . . . . . .Sulfite pulp C 46 2 CL, ML . 95.0C3.0C. . . . . . .Silica brick C 49 3 CH 90C. . 2.5C2.5 3.0C1.5C. . $Free CaOSilica brick C 49 3 CQ 90C. . 2.5C2.5 3.0C1.5C. . #1.5Other watertreatmentusesC 53 4 CQ, DQ,MQ. 93.0 .
27、 . . . . . .Other watertreatmentusesC 53 4 CH, DH,MH. 93.0C. . . . . . .P# 0.02CCalciumCarbideC 258 CQ 92C. . 1.75C4.0 2.0C1.0C. 0.5$S # 0.2CavailableGrease C 259 CH . . . 1.5 . 1.0 . . 0.5 $Ca (OH)2$90Calcium sili-cate productsC 415 CH 90C. . 1.3C2.5 3.0C1.5C. .Calcium sili-cate productsC 415 CQ 90
28、C. . 1.3C2.5 3.0C1.5C. .Hypochlorite(bleach)C 433 5 CH . . . . . . . 68 0.3C.Hypochlorite(bleach)C 433 5 CQ . . . . . . . 90 .AThese specifications have all been incorporated into the current issue of this specification and are now discontinued. The discontinued specifications are availablethrough G
29、lobal Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way, East Englewood, CO 801125704.C 45 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Cooking of Rags in Paper ManufactureC 46 Specification for Quicklime and Limestone for Sulfite Brick ManufactureC 49 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Si
30、lica Brick ManufactureC 53 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Water TreatmentC 258 Specification for Quicklime for Calcium Carbide ManufactureC 259 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Grease ManufactureC 415 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Calcium Silicate ProductsC
31、433 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Hypochlorite Bleach ManufactureBStandard composition.COn a nonvolatile basis.C9110626.2 The physical tests shall be made in accordance with TestMethods C110.7. Keywords7.1 by-product lime; calcium oxide; calcium silicate; chemi-cal uses; color re
32、moval; dolomitic hydrated lime; dolomiticlime; dolomitic limestone; dolomitic quicklime; high calciumhydrated lime; high calcium limestone; high calcium quick-lime; hydrated lime; hypochlorite bleach; industrial uses; lime;limestone; magnesian hydrated lime; magnesian limestone;magnesian quicklime;
33、quicklime; silica brick; silica removal;sulfite pulpAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. TEST METHOD FOR FREE CALCIUM OXIDE IN HIGH-CALCIUM HYDRATED LIMEX1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 This test method covers the determination of theamount of free calcium oxide (CaO) in high-calcium hydratedlime capable of being
34、hydrated by steam at atmosphericpressure.X1.2 Summary of Test MethodX1.2.1 This test method is based on the principle of gain inweight of CaO when it is hydrated to form calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2).X1.2.2 The sample is dried, subjected to steam at atmo-spheric pressure, again dried, and the gain in w
35、eight calculatedto CaO.X1.3 ApparatusX1.3.1 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, CO2-freeatmosphere.X1.3.2 Analytical Balance.X1.3.3 Steam Bath, as shown in Fig. X1.1.X1.4 ProcedureX1.4.1 Weigh a clean, dry, 10-mL Erlenmeyer flask on ananalytical balance.NOTE X1.1Once started, complete the test
36、 without interruption.X1.4.2 Add to the flask, by means of a widestem funnel, 3to5gofthelime to be tested. Reweigh to get the exact sampleweight.NOTE X1.2The flask should be kept stoppered at all times, exceptwhen weighing, drying, or steaming.X1.4.3 Place the flask in the drying oven that has beenp
37、reviously heated to 120 C, and maintain at this temperaturefor 30 min. Remove, stopper, cool in a desiccator, and weigh.NOTE X1.3Oven atmosphere can be kept CO2free by placing thereina container of soda lime, quicklime, or other suitable CO2-absorbingmedium.X1.4.4 Place the flask and the sample in a
38、 vigorouslyboiling steam bath and steam for 30 min. Protect the flask inthe steam bath by a drip shield during the steaming period.Remove the flask to the oven, dry for 30 min at 120 C,stopper, cool in a desiccator, and weigh.X1.4.5 Record all weighings to the fourth decimal place.X1.5 CalculationX1
39、.5.1 Calculate the percentage of water and CaO asfollows:FIG. X1.1 Steam ChamberC911063Free water, % 5 W1 W2!/S 3 100 (X1.1)Free CaO, % 5W3 W2! 3 3.114S3 100where:W1= weight of sample and flask before drying,W2= weight of sample and flask after drying,W3= weight of sample and flask after steaming an
40、ddrying, andS = weight of sample.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C07 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 911 05, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved November 15, 2006)(1) Revised 1.1, moving part of it to new 1.2, and renumber
41、edsubsequent paragraphs.(2) Revised Note 4.(3) Revised the Use column in Table 1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the va
42、lidity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your co
43、mments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments hav
44、e not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C911064
