1、Designation: C911 06 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Specification forQuicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for SelectedChemical and Industrial Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C911; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers lime and limestone productssuitable for the following chemi
3、cal and industrial uses:Cooking ragsSulfite pulpSilica brickOther water treatment usesCalcium carbideGreaseCalcium silicate productsHypochlorite (bleach)The following uses are addressed in other ASTM standards:Use Standard(s)Neutralization of Waste Acid (TestMethods)C400Agricultural Liming Materials
4、 C602Soil Stabilization C977Asphalt C1097Flue Gas Desulfurization (Test Meth-ods)C1318Drinking Water Softening C1529Waste and Wastewater Neutralization C1529Wastewater Treatment Plant Residuals(Biosolids) StabilizationC1529 and D62491.2 The type designations in Table 1 signify the following:Limeston
5、e, high-calciumCLLimestone, dolomiticDLLimestone, magnesianMLQuicklime, high-calciumCQQuicklime, dolomiticDQQuicklime, magnesianMQHydrated lime, high-calciumCHHydrated lime, dolomiticDHHydrated lime, magnesianMH1.3 The buyer shall designate the use, as listed in Table 1,and may specify one or more o
6、f the type designations in 1.1.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applicabil-ity of regulatory limitatio
7、ns prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,Quicklime, and Hydrated LimeC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,Hydrated L
8、ime, and LimestoneC400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime forNeutralization of Waste AcidC602 Specification for Agricultural Liming MaterialsC977 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime forSoil StabilizationC1097 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Use in AsphaltCement or Bituminous
9、PavementsC1318 Test Method for Determination of Total NeutralizingCapability and Dissolved Calcium and Magnesium Oxidein Lime for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)C1529 Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, andLimestone for Environmental UsesD6249 Guide for Alkaline Stabilization of WastewaterTre
10、atment Plant Residuals3. Chemical Composition3.1 The requirements for quicklime, hydrated lime, andlimestone for the selected end uses are as shown in Table 1, andare on the basis of the weight of sample taken at the place ofmanufacture, except as noted in footnote B after the require-ment. In this
11、case, the requirement is on a moisture and carbondioxide-free basis.NOTE 1Rags are cooked for the manufacture of paper in a digesterunder steam pressure with lime or with lime and soda ash. They are thenwashed to eliminate as much of the noncellulose material as possible. Astandard composition witho
12、ut rejection limits is specified for the reasonthat lime of either higher or lower total oxides, available lime, calciumoxide, or calcium hydroxide than the standard, may safely be used undersuitable conditions for the purpose herein specified, depending primarilyupon economic considerations. In the
13、 present state of the art, it is believedthat the more serviceable type of specification for the product herein1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Limeand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications andGuidelines.Current edition approved J
14、une 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approvedin 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C911 06. DOI: 10.1520/C0911-06R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
15、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specified is that which defines a reasonab
16、le standard rather than one thatfixes actual rejection limits. It is generally recognized that, other thingsbeing equal, lime meeting this standard is preferable to lime that does not,and lime surpassing the standard should be considered of premium quality.NOTE 2Lime is used in the “milk of lime” or
17、 “tank” system of sulfitepulp manufacture for making the cooking liquor. The milk of lime is heldin solution or suspension in a series of tanks equipped with suitableagitators. The sulfur dioxide (SO2) is forced or drawn through these tankssuccessively. In some cases, the tanks are built on top of e
18、ach other in theform of a tower. The contents of the first tank are drawn off when theliquor has reached a certain strength (3.5 to 6 % total SO2) and thecontents of the second and third tanks progress to the first and secondtanks respectively. The third tank is again charged with fresh milk of lime
19、.There are other systems of absorption that provide for continuous insteadof intermittent operation. The function of the lime is to furnish the base forthe formation of the bisulfites of calcium and magnesium.NOTE 3In the manufacture of silica brick, silica in the form ofmassive quartzite or quartz
20、conglomerate is ground until the particles areless than14 in. (6 mm) in size. Lime in the form of either slaked orhydrated lime is then added in quantities varying from 1.5 to 3.0 %calcium oxide (CaO), with sufficient water to produce about 5 to 7 %moisture content, and the shapes are molded and dri
21、ed. They are thenburned in downdraft or tunnel kilns until most of the quartzite has beenconverted into tridymite or cristobalite.NOTE 4For most water treatment applications, such as color removaland clarification of water for municipal and industrial supplies, high-calcium lime is preferred. Howeve
22、r, for applications involving silicaremoval from boiler feedwater, dolomitic lime is usually preferred.Drinking water softening and wastewater neutralization are addressed inSpecification C1529.NOTE 5In manufacture of calcium hypochlorite bleach, lime hydratein water suspension is reacted with chlor
23、ine. Lime hydrate suitable for thisapplication should be rapidly reactive, low in sludge-forming impurities,and particularly low in iron oxide, that may catalyze bleach decomposi-tion.4. General Requirements4.1 Quicklime shall be reasonably free of unslakable resi-dues and shall be capable of disint
24、egrating in water to form asuspension of finely divided material.TABLE 1 Lime and Limestone for Chemical and Industrial UsesUseASTMSpecifi-cationANotesRefer-encedApprovedTypes ofLime orStoneChemical Requirements, %CaOminCaO,+MgOminSiO2+Fe2O3,+Al2O3,maxMgO,maxCO2,maxSiO2+insolu-blematter,maxAl2O3+Fe2
25、O3,maxAvail-ableCaO,minFe2O3,maxChemicalOtherCooking rags C45 1 CH . . . . . . . 64.3B. .Cooking rags C45 1 CQ . . . . . . . 90.0B. .Sulfite pulp C46 2 CQ, MQ . 95.0C3.0C. . . . . . .Sulfite pulp C46 2 CL, ML . 95.0C3.0C. . . . . . .Silica brick C49 3 CH 90C. . 2.5C2.5 3.0C1.5C. . $Free CaOSilica br
26、ick C49 3 CQ 90C. . 2.5C2.5 3.0C1.5C. . #1.5Other watertreatmentusesC53 4 CQ, DQ,MQ. 93.0 . . . . . . .Other watertreatmentusesC53 4 CH, DH,MH. 93.0C. . . . . . .P# 0.02CCalciumCarbideC258CQ92C. . 1.75C4.0 2.0C1.0C. 0.5$S # 0.2CavailableGrease C259 CH . . . 1.5 . 1.0 . . 0.5 $Ca (OH)2$90Calcium sili
27、-cate productsC415 CH 90C. . 1.3C2.5 3.0C1.5C. .Calcium sili-cate productsC415 CQ 90C. . 1.3C2.5 3.0C1.5C. .Hypochlorite(bleach)C433 5 CH . . . . . . . 68 0.3C.Hypochlorite(bleach)C433 5 CQ . . . . . . . 90 .AThese specifications have all been incorporated into the current issue of this specificatio
28、n and are now discontinued. The discontinued specifications are availablethrough Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way, East Englewood, CO 801125704.C45 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Cooking of Rags in Paper ManufactureC46 Specification for Quicklime and Limestone for Su
29、lfite Brick ManufactureC49 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Silica Brick ManufactureC53 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Water TreatmentC258 Specification for Quicklime for Calcium Carbide ManufactureC259 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Grease ManufactureC415 Sp
30、ecification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Calcium Silicate ProductsC433 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Hypochlorite Bleach ManufactureBStandard composition.COn a nonvolatile basis.C911 06 (2011)25. Sampling and Inspection5.1 Conduct the sampling, inspection, rejection, retes
31、ting,packaging, and marking in accordance with Methods C50.6. Test Methods6.1 The chemical analyses shall be made in accordance withTest Methods C25.6.2 The physical tests shall be made in accordance with TestMethods C110.7. Keywords7.1 by-product lime; calcium oxide; calcium silicate; chemi-cal use
32、s; color removal; dolomitic hydrated lime; dolomiticlime; dolomitic limestone; dolomitic quicklime; high calciumhydrated lime; high calcium limestone; high calcium quick-lime; hydrated lime; hypochlorite bleach; industrial uses; lime;limestone; magnesian hydrated lime; magnesian limestone;magnesian
33、quicklime; quicklime; silica brick; silica removal;sulfite pulpAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. TEST METHOD FOR FREE CALCIUM OXIDE IN HIGH-CALCIUM HYDRATED LIMEX1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 This test method covers the determination of theamount of free calcium oxide (CaO) in high-calcium hydratedlime capabl
34、e of being hydrated by steam at atmosphericpressure.X1.2 Summary of Test MethodX1.2.1 This test method is based on the principle of gain inweight of CaO when it is hydrated to form calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2).X1.2.2 The sample is dried, subjected to steam at atmo-spheric pressure, again dried, and th
35、e gain in weight calculatedto CaO.X1.3 ApparatusX1.3.1 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, CO2-freeatmosphere.X1.3.2 Analytical Balance.X1.3.3 Steam Bath, as shown in Fig. X1.1.X1.4 ProcedureX1.4.1 Weigh a clean, dry, 10-mL Erlenmeyer flask on ananalytical balance.NOTE X1.1Once started, comple
36、te the test without interruption.X1.4.2 Add to the flask, by means of a widestem funnel, 3to5gofthelime to be tested. Reweigh to get the exact sampleweight.NOTE X1.2The flask should be kept stoppered at all times, exceptwhen weighing, drying, or steaming.X1.4.3 Place the flask in the drying oven tha
37、t has beenpreviously heated to 120 C, and maintain at this temperaturefor 30 min. Remove, stopper, cool in a desiccator, and weigh.NOTE X1.3Oven atmosphere can be kept CO2free by placing thereina container of soda lime, quicklime, or other suitable CO2-absorbingmedium.X1.4.4 Place the flask and the
38、sample in a vigorouslyboiling steam bath and steam for 30 min. Protect the flask inFIG. X1.1 Steam ChamberC911 06 (2011)3the steam bath by a drip shield during the steaming period.Remove the flask to the oven, dry for 30 min at 120 C,stopper, cool in a desiccator, and weigh.X1.4.5 Record all weighin
39、gs to the fourth decimal place.X1.5 CalculationX1.5.1 Calculate the percentage of water and CaO asfollows:Free water, % 5 W1 W2!/S 3 100 (X1.1)Free CaO, % 5W3 W2! 3 3.114S3 100where:W1= weight of sample and flask before drying,W2= weight of sample and flask after drying,W3= weight of sample and flas
40、k after steaming anddrying, andS = weight of sample.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C07 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C911 05, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved November 15, 2006)(1) Revised 1.1, moving part of it to new
41、 1.2, and renumberedsubsequent paragraphs.(2) Revised Note 4.(3) Revised the Use column in Table 1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that deter
42、mination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or
43、withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that
44、 your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (
45、single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C911 06 (2011)4
