1、Designation: C928/C928M 09Standard Specification forPackaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials forConcrete Repairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C928/C928M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers packaged, dry, cementitiousmortar or concrete materials for rapid repair
3、s to hardenedhydraulic-cement concrete pavements and structures. Materialsthat contain organic compounds, such as bitumens, epoxyresins, and polymers, as the principal binder are not included.1.1.1 Packaged, dry, concrete material contains aggregate ofwhich at least5%bymass of the total mixture is r
4、etained ona 9.5-mm 38-in. sieve.1.1.2 Packaged, dry, mortar material contains aggregate ofwhich less than5%bymass of the total mixture is retained ona 9.5-mm 38-in. sieve.1.2 Aqueous solutions, aqueous emulsions or dispersionsmay be included as components of the packaged materials. Themanufacturer m
5、ay specify that these liquids are to replace someor all of the mixing water.1.3 Aggregates must be included as a component of thepackaged materials. The manufacturer may recommend jobsite addition of specific amounts and types of additionalaggregates to his product for some uses. However, suchreform
6、ulated products are not within the scope of this specifi-cation.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combini
7、ngvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the testmethods portion of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibilit
8、y of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexu
9、ral Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic
10、-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Co
11、ncrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC672/C672M Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Con-crete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing ChemicalsC702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Test-ing SizeC778
12、Specification for Standard SandC882 Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin Sys-tems Used With Concrete By Slant Shear1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.43 on Packaged Dry Com
13、bined Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C928/C928M 08.DOI: 10.1520/C0928_C0928M-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser
14、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Un
15、ited States.C1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 Three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening concreteand three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardeni
16、ng mortar areidentified in Table 1.4. Chemical Composition4.1 If the material contains soluble chlorides or otheringredients in sufficient quantity to cause corrosion to steelreinforcement, the package markings shall contain the follow-ing statement in letter size no smaller than the directions foru
17、se:This material is not recommended for use in a moist environment in contactwith steel reinforcement.4.1.1 Consider a total chloride ion content (Berman,1972)3,4in the packaged repair material greater than 600g/m31 lb/yd3 of the hardened repair material indicative thatthe packaged material contains
18、 sufficient chlorides to causecorrosion to steel reinforcement when the concrete is exposedto weather, is on the ground, or is in an otherwise moistenvironment. A much lower chloride ion content is suggestedfor use in prestressed concrete. Guidance for such users isoutside the scope of this specific
19、ation.4.2 If the material contains metallic iron in excess of 1 % byweight, the package markings shall contain the followingstatement in letter size no smaller than the directions for use:If small or scattered spots of iron-staining are considered objec-tionable, do not use this material where it wi
20、ll be exposed.5. Performance Requirements5.1 The materials shall comply with the performance re-quirements in Table 1 for the applicable type.6. Sampling6.1 A lot is the quantity of packaged repair material nor-mally placed on a pallet. In general, this quantity will weighfrom 900 to 1800 kg 2000 to
21、 4000 lb.6.2 A unit sample is a single package of material randomlyselected from the lot.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 ConcreteMechanically mix the packaged dry concretematerial with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of theunhardened mixture, and mold and cure the specimens inaccordance with Prac
22、tice C192/C192M or modifications asoutlined herein.7.1.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall be anycombination of whole packages yielding not less than 20 L 23ft3 of hardened material.7.1.2 Base the quantity of water, other liquid component, orboth added to the sample on the quantity per bag s
23、tated in thedirections for use.7.1.3 Place the sample in the mixing machine and add therequired amount of liquid. Start mixing immediately. Continuemixing for the length of time indicated in the directions for use.7.1.4 When making the slump test in accordance with TestMethod C143/C143M, schedule wo
24、rk so the test will becompleted in 5 612 min after the mixing liquid is added to theR2 or R3 materials or 15 612 min after mixing the liquid withthe R1 materials.7.1.5 Mold the required number of specimens using addi-tional samples as may be necessary, mixed in accordance with3Berman, H. A., Determi
25、nation of Chloride in Hardened Portland Cement Paste,Mortar, and Concrete, ASTM Journal of Materials, Vol. 7 , No. 3, pp. 330335,1972 .4Clear, K. C., and Harrigan, E. T., “Sampling and Testing for Chloride Ion inConcrete,” Report No. FHWA-RD77-85, Federal Highway Administration, Wash-ington, DC, Aug
26、ust 1977 (Available as PB 275428/AS National TechnicalInformation Services).TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsA3 h 1 day 7 days 28 daysCompressive Strength,min, MPa psiR1 concrete or mortar 3.5 500 14 2000 28 4000BR2 concrete or mortar 7.0 1000 21 3000 28 4000BR3 concrete or mortar 21 3000 35 5000 35
27、5000BBond strength, min, MPa psiR1, R2 and R3 concrete ormortar 7 1000 10 1500 Length change, based onlength at 3 h, max, %R1, R2, and R3 concreteor mortarallowable increase after 28 daysin water+0.15allowable decrease after 28 daysin air0.15Consistency of concreteor mortarCconcreteslump,min, mmin.F
28、low ofmortar, min, %R1 consistency after 15 minafter addition of mixingliquid75 3 100R2 and R3 consistency at 5min after addition of mixingliquid75 3 100Scaling resistance to deicingchemicals after 25 cycles offreezing and thawingConcrete, max visual rating 2.5Mortar, max scaled materialD5 kg/m21 lb
29、/ft2AIt is recognized that other characteristics of rapid-hardening concrete repairmaterials might need consideration. Such characteristics might be necessary insome environments and applications; however, to impose specification limits on allproducts is considered beyond the scope of this specifica
30、tion. Optional consider-ations with suggested methods of test may include tests for the following:Time of setting Test Method C403/C403MFlexural strength Test Method C78Freeze thaw Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure ASulfate expansion Test Method C1012BThe strength at 28 days shall be not less than t
31、he strength at 7 days.CSlump or flow requirements are waived for materials intended for vertical oroverhead applications.DA 250-mm 10-in. square spalled to an average depth of 3 mm 18 in. for100 % of its surface would have about 10 kg/m22.0 lb/ft2 of scaled material.C928/C928M 0927.1.1-7.1.4. Do not
32、 use the mixtures for molding test specimenswhen the slump is less than that specified in Table 1.NOTE 1Where the nominal maximum particle size is not greater than25 mm 1 in., the use of cylindrical molds 100 mm 4 in. in diameter by200 mm 8 in. in length is suggested.7.2 MortarMechanically mix packa
33、ged dry mortar mate-rial with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of theunhardened mixture, and mold and cure the specimens inaccordance with Test Method C109/C109M or modifications asoutlined herein.7.2.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall weigh 30006 3 g 6.6 6 0.005 lb and shall be repr
34、esentatively obtainedfrom a whole package in accordance with Practice C702.7.2.2 Base the quantity of water, or other liquid component,or both added during mixing on the quantity per unit of weightstated in the directions for use.7.2.3 When making the flow test in accordance with thesection on consi
35、stency in Test Method C109/C109M, schedulework so the test will be completed in 5 612 min after the startof mixing liquid with the R2 or R3 materials or 15 612 minafter mixing the liquid with the R1 materials.7.2.4 Mold the required number of specimens using addi-tional samples as necessary mixed in
36、 accordance with 7.2.1-7.2.3. Do not use the mixtures for molding test specimenswhen the flow is less than that specified in Table 1.7.3 In those cases where the manufacturer has indicated inthe package markings, or elsewhere, that the packaged repairmaterial can be mixed and applied at temperatures
37、 that liebeyond the range of 20 6 8 C 70 6 15 F, the product mustmeet the requirements of Table 1. Specimens must be made andcured in accordance with the procedures of this section. Themixing, molding and curing temperatures during the first 3 hafter molding shall be within 61C62 F of the extremetem
38、perature(s) stated by the manufacturer in the packagemarkings.8. Test Methods8.1 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensTreat manifestly faultyspecimens in accordance with the corresponding section inSpecification C494/C494M.8.2 Compressive StrengthPrepare and test three test speci-mens for each age of test and
39、 each level of mixing temperature.Test in accordance with Test Method C39/C39M for concreteand Test Method C109/C109M for mortar.8.3 Length ChangePrepare and test specimens in accor-dance with Test Method C157/C157M, except as modified bythis section and 7.3. Use 25 mm 1-in. prism for mortarmaterial
40、 and 75 mm 3-in. prism for concrete material.8.3.1 Remove specimens from the molds at an age of 212 to234 h after the addition of mixing liquid to the dry cementitiousmixture during the mixing operation.8.3.2 Make the initial observation of length at 3 to 314 hafter the addition of mixing liquid to
41、the dry cementitiousmixture during the mixing operation. When specimens arecured at temperatures other than 23 6 2 C 73.4 6 3 F, thenboth initial and final length observations must be made with thebars conditioned to 62C63 F of initial temperatures.8.3.3 Immediately store one set of specimens as for
42、 “AirStorage” and one set as for “Water Storage” except that thewater-stored specimens shall be stored in untreated tap waterwith no more than one set of specimens per container.8.3.4 Take observations of length at age 28 days 6 20 h.Determine the average percent change in length when stored inwater
43、, and the average change in length of specimens stored inair.8.4 Scaling ResistanceMake and cure the test specimensin accordance with Test Method C672/C672M, except asprovided herein. For specimens of mortar omit the visual ratingprocedure after every 5 cycles and after 25 cycles determinethe amount
44、 of scaling as the oven dry 110 6 5 C 230 6 9 Fmass per unit area of exposed test area.8.5 Slant Shear Bond StrengthPrepare six complete testspecimens in accordance with Test Method C882 for Type IIand V systems except as modified by this section.8.5.1 Do not apply a bonding system to prepared surfa
45、ceunless a bonding system is required by the manufacturer of therapid-hardening cementitious material. Fill the top half of thecylinder with the rapid-hardening cementitious material insteadof the portland cement mortar specified.8.5.2 Test three specimens in compression at 1 day and threeat 7 days.
46、 Calculate the bond strength on the elliptical area andreport the failure type.9. Report9.1 Report the following:9.1.1 Source and identification, including type, of materialtested,9.1.2 Details of any variations and options practiced by thetester that are recommended or allowed by the manufacturer o
47、rothers,9.1.3 Compressive strength of material at 3 h, 1 day, 7 daysand 28 days,9.1.4 Bond strength at 1 day and 7 days,9.1.5 Percent length change at 28 days in water and in air,9.1.6 Percent flow in mortar at 5 or 15 min,9.1.7 Slump in concrete at 5 or 15 min, and9.1.8 Scaling resistance after 25
48、cycles.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Length Change:10.1.1 PrecisionThe precision of the length change testmethod described in section 8.3 is based on an interlaboratorystudy that was conducted in 2007.5Seven laboratories testedone rapid-hardening material that consisted of commerciallyavailable rapid h
49、ardening cement blended with three partsstandard graded sand complying with Specification C778. Theprecision values were calculated for both “water storage” and“air storage” of test specimens. A test result is defined in thisspecification as the average of three separate measurements(triplicate lengthchange specimens).5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C09-1035.C928/C928M 09310.1.2 The sin
