1、Designation: C 928 05Standard Specification forPackaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials forConcrete Repairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 928; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers packaged, dry, cementitiousmortar or concrete materials for rapid repairs to harde
3、nedhydraulic-cement concrete pavements and structures. Materialsthat contain organic compounds, such as bitumens, epoxyresins, and polyesters, as the principal binder are not included.1.1.1 Packaged, dry, concrete material contains aggregate ofwhich at least5%bymass of the total mixture is retained
4、ona 9.5-mm (38-in.) sieve.1.1.2 Packaged, dry, mortar material contains aggregate ofwhich less than5%bymass of the total mixture is retained ona 9.5-mm (38-in.) sieve.1.2 Aqueous solutions, aqueous emulsions or dispersionsmay be included as components of the packaged materials. Themanufacturer may s
5、pecify that these liquids are to replace someor all of the mixing water.1.3 Aggregates must be included as a component of thepackaged materials. The manufacturer may recommend jobsite addition of specific amounts and types of additionalaggregates to his product for some uses. However, suchreformulat
6、ed products are not within the scope of this specifi-cation.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only. Values in SI units shall be obtained bymeasurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion ofmeasurements m
7、ade in other units, using the Rules for Con-version and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI-10.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the testmethods portion of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the
8、responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of CylindricalConcrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for
9、 Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C 143 Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Con-creteC 157 Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic
10、-Cement, Mortar, and ConcreteC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistantC 494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC 666 Test Method for Resistance of Concre
11、te to RapidFreezing and ThawingC 672/C 672M Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Con-crete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing ChemicalsC 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate toTesting SizeC 882 Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-ResinSystems Used With Concrete By Slant ShearC 1012 Test Metho
12、d for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionE96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-rialsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C
13、09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.43 on Packaged, Dry, Combined Concrete.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C 928 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, vi
14、sit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
15、2959, United States.3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 Three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening concreteand three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening mortar areidentified in Table 1.4. Chemical Composition Chemical Composition4.1 If the material contains soluble chlorides or otheringredients i
16、n sufficient quantity to cause corrosion to steelreinforcement, the package markings shall contain the follow-ing statement in letter size no smaller than the directions foruse:This material is not recommended for use in a moist environment in contactwith steel reinforcement.4.1.1 Consider a total c
17、hloride ion content (Berman,1972)3,4in the packaged repair material greater than 600g/m3(1 lb/yd3) of the hardened repair material indicative thatthe packaged material contains sufficient chlorides to causecorrosion to steel reinforcement when the concrete is exposedto weather, is on the ground, or
18、is in an otherwise moistenvironment. A much lower chloride ion content is suggestedfor use in prestressed concrete. Guidance for such users isoutside the scope of this specification.4.2 If the material contains metallic iron in excess of 1weight %, the package markings shall contain the followingsta
19、tement in letter size no smaller than the directions for use:If small or scattered spots of iron-staining are considered objec-tionable, do not use this material where it will be exposed.5. Performance Requirements5.1 The materials shall comply with the performance re-quirements in Table 1 for the a
20、pplicable type.6. Sampling6.1 A lot is the quantity of packaged repair material nor-mally placed on a pallet. In general, this quantity will weighfrom 900 to 1800 kg (2000 to 4000 lb).6.2 A unit sample is a single package of material randomlyselected from the lot.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 ConcreteM
21、echanically mix the packaged dry concretematerial with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of theunhardened mixture, and mold and cure the specimens inaccordance with Practice C 192/C 192M or modifications asoutlined herein.7.1.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall be anycombination of who
22、le packages yielding not less than 20 L (23ft3) of hardened material.7.1.2 Base the quantity of water, other liquid component, orboth added to the sample on the quantity per bag stated in thedirections for use.7.1.3 Place the sample in the mixing machine and add therequired amount of liquid. Start m
23、ixing immediately. Continuemixing for the length of time indicated in the directions for use.7.1.4 When making the slump test in accordance with TestMethod C 143, schedule work so the test will be completed in5 612 min after the mixing liquid is added to the R2 or R3materials or 15 612 min after mix
24、ing the liquid with the R1materials.7.1.5 Mold the required number of specimens using addi-tional samples as may be necessary, mixed in accordance with7.1.1-7.1.4. Do not use the mixtures for molding test specimenswhen the slump is less than that specified in Table 1.NOTE 1Where the nominal maximum
25、particle size is not greater than25 mm (1 in.), the use of cylindrical molds 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter by3Berman, H. A., Determination of Chloride in Hardened Portland Cement Paste,Mortar, and Concrete, ASTM Journal of Materials, Vol. 7, No. 3, 1972, pp. 330335.4Clear, K. C., and Harrigan, E. T., “
26、Sampling and Testing for Chloride Ion inConcrete,” Report No. FHWA-RD77-85, Federal Highway Administration, Wash-ington, DC, August 1977 (Available as PB 275428/AS National TechnicalInformation Services).TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsA3 hours 1 day 7 days 28 daysCompressive Strength,min, MPa (psi)
27、R1 concrete or mortar 3.5 (500) 14 (2000) 28 (4000)BR2 concrete or mortar 7.0 (1000) 21 (3000) 28 (4000)BR3 concrete or mortar 21 (3000) 35 (5000) 35 (5000)BBond strength, min, MPa (psi)R1, R2 and R3 concrete ormortar. 7 (1000) 10 (1500) Length change, based onlength at 3 h, max, %R1, R2, and R3 con
28、creteor mortarallowable increase after 28 daysin water+0.15allowable decrease after 28 daysin air0.15Consistency of concreteor mortarCconcreteslump,min, mm(in.)Flow ofmortar, min, %R1 consistency after 15 minafter addition of mixingliquid75 (3) 100R2 and R3 consistency at 5min after addition of mixi
29、ngliquid75 (3) 100Scaling resistance to deicingchemicals after 25 cycles offreezing and thawingConcrete, max visual rating 2.5Mortar, max scaled materialD5 kg/m2(1 lb/ft2)AIt is recognized that other characteristics of rapid-hardening concrete repairmaterials might need consideration. Such character
30、istics might be necessary insome environments and applications; however, to impose specification limits on allproducts is considered beyond the scope of this specification. Optional consider-ations with suggested methods of test may include tests for the following:Time of setting Test Method C 403/C
31、 403MFlexural strength Test Method C78Freeze thaw Test Method C 666, Procedure ASulfate expansion Test Method C 1012BThe strength at 28 days shall be not less than the strength at 7 days.CSlump or flow requirements are waived for materials intended for vertical oroverhead applications.DA 250-mm (10-
32、in.) square spalled to an average depth of 3 mm (18 in.) for100 % of its surface would have about 10 kg/m2(2.0 lb /ft2) of scaled material.C928052200 mm (8 in.) in length is suggested.7.2 MortarMechanically mix packaged dry mortar mate-rial with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of theunharden
33、ed mixture, and mold and cure the specimens inaccordance with Test Method C 109/C 109M or modificationsas outlined herein.7.2.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall weigh 30006 3 g (7.6 6 0.006 lb) and shall be representatively obtainedform a whole package in accordance with Practice C 702.7.2.
34、2 Base the quantity of water, or other liquid component,or both added during mixing on the quantity per unit of weightstated in the directions for use.7.2.3 When making the flow test in accordance with thesection on consistency in Test Method C 109/C 109M, sched-ule work so the test will be complete
35、d in 5 612 min after thestart of mixing liquid with the R2 or R3 materials or 15 612min after mixing the liquid with the R1 materials.7.2.4 Mold the required number of specimens using addi-tional samples as necessary mixed in accordance with 7.2.1-7.2.3. Do not use the mixtures for molding test spec
36、imenswhen the flow is less than that specified in Table 1.7.3 In those cases where the manufacturer has indicated inthe package markings, or elsewhere, that the packaged repairmaterial can be mixed and applied at temperatures that liebeyond the range of 20 6 8 C (70 6 15 F), the product mustmeet the
37、 requirements of Table 1. Specimens must be made andcured in accordance with the procedures of this section. Themixing, molding and curing temperatures during the first 3 hafter molding shall be within 61C(62 F) of the extremetemperature(s) stated by the manufacturer in the packagemarkings.8. Test M
38、ethods8.1 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensTreat manifestly faultyspecimens in accordance with the corresponding section inSpecification C 494.8.2 Compressive StrengthPrepare and test three test speci-mens for each age of test and each level of mixing temperature.Test in accordance with Test Method C39for
39、 concrete and TestMethod C 109/C 109M for mortar.8.3 Length ChangePrepare and test specimens in accor-dance with Test Method C 157, except as modified by thissection and 7.3. Use 25 mm (1-in.) prism for mortar materialand 75 mm (3-in.) prism for concrete material.8.3.1 Remove specimens from the mold
40、s at an age of 212 to234 h after the addition of mixing liquid to the dry cementitiousmixture during the mixing operation.8.3.2 Make the initial observation of length at 3 to 314 hafter the addition of mixing liquid to the dry cementitiousmixture during the mixing operation. When specimens arecured
41、at temperatures other than 23 6 2 C (73.4 6 3 F), thenboth initial and final length observations must be made with thebars conditioned to 62C(63 F) of initial temperatures.8.3.3 Immediately store one set of specimens as for “AirStorage” and one set as for “Water Storage” except that thewater-stored
42、specimens shall be stored in untreated tap waterwith no more than one set of specimens per container.8.3.4 Take observations of length at age 28 days 6 20 h.Determine the average percent change in length when stored inwater, and the average change in length of specimens stored inair.8.4 Scaling Resi
43、stanceMake and cure the test specimensin accordance with Test Method C 672/C 672M, except asprovided herein. For specimens of mortar omit the visual ratingprocedure after every 5 cycles and after 25 cycles determinethe amount of scaling as the oven dry 110 6 5 C (230 6 9 F)mass per unit area of expo
44、sed test area.8.5 Slant Shear Bond StrengthPrepare six complete testspecimens in accordance with Test Method C 882 for Type IIand V systems except as modified by this section.8.5.1 Do not apply a bonding system to prepared surfaceunless a bonding system is required by the manufacturer of therapid-ha
45、rdening cementitious material. Fill the top half of thecylinder with the rapid-hardening cementitious material insteadof the portland cement mortar specified.8.5.2 Test three specimens in compression at 1 day and threeat 7 days. Calculate the bond strength on the elliptical area andreport the failur
46、e type.9. Report9.1 Report the following:9.1.1 Source and identification, including type, of materialtested,9.1.2 Details of any variations and options practiced by thetester that are recommended or allowed by the manufacturer orothers,9.1.3 Compressive strength of material at 3 h, 1 day, 7 daysand
47、28 days,9.1.4 Bond strength at 1 day and 7 days,9.1.5 Percent length change at 28 days in water and in air,9.1.6 Percent flow in mortar at 5 or 15 min,9.1.7 Slump in concrete at 5 or 15 min, and9.1.8 Scaling resistance after 25 cycles.10. Rejection10.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material
48、that failsto conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejectionshall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and inwriting.11. Certification11.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, aproducer, supplier, or an independent testing laboratory shallfurnish certification t
49、o the purchaser that the material has beentested in accordance with this specification and found to meetthe requirements. When specified in the purchase order orcontract, a report of test results on samples taken from materialshipped shall be furnished.12. Product Marking12.1 Mark all packages to contain the following informa-tion:12.1.1 Specification designation.12.1.2 R1 or R2 or R3 type.12.1.3 Directions for use that shall include but are notlimited to:C92805312.1.3.1 When a bonding agent is used in the test of bondstrength, the type and kind o
