1、Designation: C936/C936M 11Standard Specification forSolid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C936/C936M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for interlock-ing concrete pavers manufactured for the construction of pavedsurfaces.1.2
3、 When particular features are desired, such as weightclassification, higher compressive strength, surface textures,finish, color, or other special features, such properties shouldbe specified by the purchaser. Local sellers, however, should beconsulted as to availability of units having the desired
4、features.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conform
5、ancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC260 Specificati
6、on for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-crete Masonry UnitsC418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete bySandblastingC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 S
7、pecification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally ColoredConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume
8、Used in CementitiousMixturesC1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing SaltDurability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 architectural finishessurface modified by mechani-cal means such as blasting, hammering, polishing, tumbling,washing, or other meth
9、ods.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the followingapplicable ASTM specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementsSpecification C150.4.1.2 Blended CementsSpecification C595, Types IS orIP.4.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.4 Hydrated Lime, Type SSpecification C207.4.1.5 Fly As
10、hSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following ASTMspecifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal WeightSpecification C33.4.2.2 LightweightSpecification C331.4.3 Chem
11、ical Admixtures shall conform to the followingapplicable ASTM specifications:4.3.1 Air-entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry U
12、nits and Related Units.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C936/C936M 09.DOI: 10.1520/C0936_C0936M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic
13、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
14、2959, United States.4.3.2 Water-reducing, Retarding, and AcceleratingAdmixturesSpecification C494/C494M.4.3.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4.4 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents, and othermaterials for which no ASTM standards exist, shall be previ-ously establi
15、shed as suitable for use in concrete or shall beshown by test or experience not to be detrimental to theconcrete.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Units shall have an exposed face area #0.065 m2101in.2, and their overall length divided by thickness shall be#4.The minimum specified thickness shall be 60 mm
16、 2.36 in.See Fig. 1.5.2 Concrete units covered by this specification may bemade from lightweight or normal weight aggregates or mixedlightweight and normal weight aggregates.5.3 Compressive StrengthAt the time of delivery to thework site, the average compressive strength of the test samplesshall be
17、not less than 55 MPa 8000 psi with no individual unitless than 50 MPa 7200 psi as required in 6.2.5.4 AbsorptionThe average absorption of the test samplesshall not be greater than 5 % with no individual unit greaterthan 7 % as required in 6.2.5.5 Resistance to Freezing and ThawingIf the units areexp
18、osed to freezing and deicing materials during service, themanufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser either by proven fieldperformance or a laboratory freezing-and-thawing test that thepaving units have adequate resistance to freezing and thawing.If a laboratory test is used, test in accordance with T
19、est MethodC1645. Specimens sampled from units that will not be exposedto deicing salts in service shall be tested in tap water.Specimens sampled from units that will be exposed to deicingmaterials in service shall be tested in 3 % saline solution. Theaverage mass loss of all the specimens tested sha
20、ll not begreater than: (a) 225 g/m2when subject to 28 freeze-thawcycles, or (b) 500 g/m2when subject to 49 freeze-thaw cycles.This test method shall be conducted not more than 12 monthsprior to delivery of units.5.6 Abrasion ResistanceWhen tested in accordance withTest Method C418, specimens shall n
21、ot have an averagevolume loss greater than 15 cm3/50 cm20.92 in.3/7.75 in.2.The average thickness loss shall not exceed 3 mm 0.118 in.5.7 Dimensional ToleranceMeasured length or width oftest specimens shall not differ by more than 61.6 mm 60.063in. from specified dimensions. Measured height of test
22、speci-mens shall not differ by more than 63.2 mm 60.125 in. fromthe specified dimension. All tests shall be performed asrequired in 6.2. Units shall meet dimensional tolerances priorto the application of architectural finishes.6. Sampling and Testing6.1 The purchaser or his authorized representative
23、 shall beaccorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the units at theplace of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery. Prior todelivery of units, the supplier and purchaser shall decide on thelot size from which to sample test specimens for resistance tofreezing and thawing, abrasion resis
24、tance, absorption, com-pressive strength, and dimensional tolerances.6.2 For compressive strength, absorption, and dimensionaltolerances, test units in accordance with Test Methods C140.Sample a minimum of three (3) test specimens each forcompressive strength and absorption. Determine dimensionaltol
25、erances from either the compressive strength or absorptionspecimens prior to testing. Sample a minimum of three (3)specimens and test for resistance to freezing and thawing inaccordance with Test Method C1645. Sample a minimum oftwo (2) specimens for abrasion resistance and test in accor-dance with
26、Test Method C418.7. Visual Inspection7.1 All units shall be sound and free of defects that wouldinterfere with the proper placing of the units or impair thestrength or performance of the construction. Minor cracksincidental to the usual methods of manufacture or minorchipping resulting from customar
27、y methods of handling inshipment and delivery shall not be deemed grounds forrejection.8. Rejection8.1 In case the shipment fails to conform to the specifiedrequirements, the manufacturer may sort it, and new specimensshall be selected by the purchaser from the retained lot andtested at the expense
28、of the manufacturer. In case the second setof specimens fails to conform to the test requirements, theentire lot shall be rejected.FIG. 1 Length, Width, and Thickness of Concrete Paving UnitsC936/C936M 112SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C27 has identified the location of selected changes to this standar
29、d since the last issue(C936/C936M 09) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 15, 2011.)(1) Revised subsection 5.5 to clarify that the passing criteriarefer to the average mass loss of all the specimens tested.(2) Revised subsection 6.2 regarding use of specimens fortesting.ASTM Int
30、ernational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirel
31、y their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand sh
32、ould be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on St
33、andards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C936/C936M 113
