1、Designation: C936/C936M 12C936/C936M 13Standard Specification forSolid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C936/C936M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for interlocking concrete pavers manufactured for the construction of paved
3、surfaces.1.2 When particular features are desired, such as weight classification, higher compressive strength, surface textures, finish,color, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. Local sellers, however, should be consultedas to availability of units havin
4、g the desired features.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may resul
5、t in non-conformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purpose
6、sC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsC418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by SandblastingC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydrau
7、lic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1240 Specificat
8、ion for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 architectural finishessurface modified by mechanical means such as blasting, hammering, polishing, tumbling,
9、washing,or other methods.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the following applicable ASTM specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementsSpecification C150.4.1.2 Blended CementsSpecification C595, Types IS or IP.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manuf
10、actured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 onConcrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved June 1, 2012June 1, 2013. Published July 2012June 2013. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 asC936/C936M 11.C936/C936M
11、 12. DOI: 10.1520/C0936_C0936M-12. 10.1520/C0936_C0936M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.Th
12、is document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editi
13、ons as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
14、 United States14.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.4 Hydrated Lime, Type SSpecification C207.4.1.5 Fly AshSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following ASTM specifications, except that grading requi
15、rements shall not necessarilyapply:4.2.1 Normal WeightSpecification C33.4.2.2 LightweightSpecification C331.4.3 Chemical Admixtures shall conform to the following applicable ASTM specifications:4.3.1 Air-entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260.4.3.2 Water-reducing, Retarding, and Accelerating Admixt
16、uresSpecification C494/C494M.4.3.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4.4 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents, and other materials for which no ASTM standards exist, shall be previouslyestablished as suitable for use in concrete or shall be shown by test or experience
17、 not to be detrimental to the concrete.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Units shall have an exposed face area 0.065 m101 in.2 101 in.0.065 m2, and their overall length divided by thicknessshall be 4. The minimum specified thickness shall be 60 mm 2.36 in.2.36 in. 60 mm. See Fig. 1.5.2 Concrete units cove
18、red by this specification may be made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates or mixedlightweight and normal weight aggregates.5.3 Compressive StrengthAt the time of delivery to the work site, the average compressive strength of the test samples shallbe not less than 55 MPa 8000 psi8000 psi 55
19、MPa with no individual unit less than 50 MPa 7200 psi7200 psi 50 MPa asrequired in 6.2.5.4 AbsorptionThe average absorption of the test samples shall not be greater than 5 % with no individual unit greater than7 % as required in 6.2.5.5 Resistance to Freezing and ThawingIf the units are exposed to f
20、reezing and deicing materials during service, themanufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser either by proven field performance or a laboratory freezing-and-thawing test that thepaving units have adequate resistance to freezing and thawing. If a laboratory test is used, test in accordance with Test Met
21、hodC1645. Specimens sampled from units that will not be exposed to deicing salts in service shall be tested in tap water. Specimenssampled from units that will be exposed to deicing materials in service shall be tested in 3 % saline solution. The average massloss of all the specimens tested shall no
22、t be greater than: (a) 225 g/m2 when subject to 28 freeze-thaw cycles, or (b) 500 g/m2 whensubject to 49 freeze-thaw cycles. This test method shall be conducted not more than 12 months prior to delivery of units.5.6 Abrasion ResistanceWhen requested by the specifier or purchaser, units shall be test
23、ed in accordance with Test MethodC418, specimens shall or the manufacturer shall provide adequate record of field performance from a similar application.Specimens shall not have an average volume loss greater than 15 cm0.92 in.3/50 cm/7.75 in.2 0.92 in. 15 cm3/7.75 in./50 cm2.The average thickness l
24、oss shall not exceed 3 mm 0.118 in.0.118 in. 3 mm.NOTE 1Applications that may require testing include areas with severe abrasion, such as exposure to point loads from the repeated turning of hardrubber non-pneumatic wheels or heavy channelized foot traffic. Vehicular traffic usually does not constit
25、ute a severe abrasion condition.5.7 Dimensional ToleranceMeasured length or width of test specimens shall not differ by more than 61.6 mm 60.063in.60.063 in. 61.6 mm from specified dimensions. Measured height of test specimens shall not differ by more than 63.2 mm60.125 in.60.125 in. 63.2 mm from th
26、e specified dimension. All tests shall be performed as required in 6.2. Units shall meetdimensional tolerances prior to the application of architectural finishes.FIG. 1 Length, Width, and Thickness of Concrete Paving UnitsC936/C936M 1326. Sampling and Testing6.1 The purchaser or his authorized repre
27、sentative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the units at the placeof manufacture from the lots ready for delivery. Prior to delivery of units, the supplier and purchaser shall decide on the lot sizefrom which to sample test specimens for resistance to freezing and thawing, ab
28、rasion resistance, absorption, compressive strength,and dimensional tolerances.6.2 For compressive strength, absorption, and dimensional tolerances, test units in accordance with Test Methods C140. Samplea minimum of three (3) test specimens each for compressive strength and absorption. Determine di
29、mensional tolerances from eitherthe compressive strength or absorption specimens prior to testing. Sample a minimum of three (3) specimens and test for resistanceto freezing and thawing in accordance with Test Method C1645. Sample a minimum of two (2) specimens for abrasion resistanceand test in acc
30、ordance with Test Method C418. Separate specimens shall be used for compressive strength, absorption, freeze-thaw,and abrasion resistance tests.7. Visual Inspection7.1 All units shall be sound and free of defects that would interfere with the proper placing of the units or impair the strengthor perf
31、ormance of the construction. Minor cracks incidental to the usual methods of manufacture or minor chipping resulting fromcustomary methods of handling in shipment and delivery shall not be deemed grounds for rejection.8. Rejection8.1 In case the shipment fails to conform to the specified requirement
32、s, the manufacturer may sort it, and new specimens shallbe selected by the purchaser from the retained lot and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. In case the second set of specimensfails to conform to the test requirements, the entire lot shall be rejected.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has
33、 identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C936/C936M 12) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2013)(1) Subsection 5.6 revised for clarification and Note 1 added.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected cha
34、nges to this standard since the last issue(C936/C936M 11) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2012.)2012)(1) Section 6.2 was revised to provide clarity on separate test specimens for each required test.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
35、 rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at
36、 any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments
37、 will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by
38、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C936/C936M 133
