1、Designation: C936/C936M 15Standard Specification forSolid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C936/C936M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for interlock-ing concrete pavers manufactured for the construction of pavedsurfaces.1.2
3、 When particular features are desired, such as weightclassification, higher compressive strength, surface textures,finish, color, or other special features, such properties shouldbe specified by the purchaser. Local sellers, however, should beconsulted as to availability of units having the desired
4、features.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conform
5、ancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Con-crete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-po
6、sesC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forConcrete Masonry UnitsC418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete bySandblastingC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC595/C595M Specification fo
7、r Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col-ored ConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1157/C1157M Performance Specification fo
8、r HydraulicCementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1645/C1645M Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icingSalt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking PavingUnits3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 architectural finishessurface modified by mechani-cal means such as blas
9、ting, hammering, polishing, tumbling,washing, or other methods.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the followingapplicable ASTM specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementsSpecification C150/C150M.4.1.2 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C595/C595M.4.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecificatio
10、n C1157/C1157M.4.1.4 Hydrated Lime, Type SSpecification C207.4.1.5 Fly AshSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground SlagSpecification C989/C989M.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following ASTMspecifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.
11、2.1 Normal WeightSpecification C33/C33M.4.2.2 LightweightSpecification C331/C331M.4.3 Chemical Admixtures shall conform to the followingapplicable ASTM specifications:4.3.1 Air-entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260/C260M.4.3.2 Water-reducing, Retarding, and AcceleratingAdmixturesSpecification C494
12、/C494M.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1982. Last prev
13、ious edition approved in 2013 as C936/C936M 13. DOI:10.1520/C0936_C0936M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
14、e ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979/C979M.4.4 Other ConstituentsIntegral wate
15、r repellents, and othermaterials for which no ASTM standards exist, shall be previ-ously established as suitable for use in concrete or shall beshown by test or experience not to be detrimental to theconcrete.5. Physical Requirements5.1 Units shall have an exposed face area 101 in.20.065m2, and thei
16、r overall length divided by thickness shall be 4.The minimum specified thickness shall be 2.36 in. 60 mm.See Fig. 1.5.2 Concrete units covered by this specification may bemade from lightweight or normal weight aggregates or mixedlightweight and normal weight aggregates.5.3 Compressive StrengthAt the
17、 time of delivery to thework site, the average compressive strength of the test samplesshall be not less than 8000 psi 55 MPa with no individual unitless than 7200 psi 50 MPa as required in 6.2.5.4 AbsorptionThe average absorption of the test samplesshall not be greater than 5 % with no individual u
18、nit greaterthan 7 % as required in 6.2.5.5 Resistance to Freezing and ThawingIf the units areexposed to freezing and deicing materials during service, themanufacturer shall satisfy the purchaser either by proven fieldperformance or a laboratory freezing-and-thawing test that thepaving units have ade
19、quate resistance to freezing and thawing.If a laboratory test is used, test in accordance with Test MethodC1645/C1645M. Specimens sampled from units that will notbe exposed to deicing salts in service shall be tested in tapwater. Specimens sampled from units that will be exposed todeicing materials
20、in service shall be tested in 3 % salinesolution. The average mass loss of all the specimens testedshall not be greater than: (a) 225 g/m2when subject to 28freeze-thaw cycles, or (b) 500 g/m2when subject to 49freeze-thaw cycles. This test method shall be conducted notmore than 12 months prior to del
21、ivery of units.5.6 Abrasion ResistanceWhen requested by the specifieror purchaser, units shall be tested in accordance with TestMethod C418 or the manufacturer shall provide adequaterecord of field performance from a similar application. Speci-mens shall not have an average volume loss greater than
22、0.92in.3/7.75 in.215 cm3/50 cm2. The average thickness loss shallnot exceed 0.118 in. 3 mm.NOTE 1Applications that may require testing include areas withsevere abrasion, such as exposure to point loads from the repeated turningof hard rubber non-pneumatic wheels or heavy channelized foot traffic.Veh
23、icular traffic usually does not constitute a severe abrasion condition.5.7 Dimensional ToleranceMeasured length or width oftest specimens shall not differ by more than 60.063 in. 61.6mm from specified dimensions. Measured thickness of testspecimens shall not differ by more than 60.125 in. 63.2 mmfro
24、m the specified dimension. All tests shall be performed asrequired in 6.2. Units shall meet dimensional tolerances priorto the application of architectural finishes.6. Sampling and Testing6.1 The purchaser or his authorized representative shall beaccorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the
25、units at theplace of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery. Prior todelivery of units, the supplier and purchaser shall decide on thelot size from which to sample test specimens for resistance tofreezing and thawing, abrasion resistance, absorption, com-pressive strength, and dimensional tole
26、rances.6.2 For compressive strength, absorption, and dimensionaltolerances, test units in accordance with Test Methods C140/C140M. Sample a minimum of three (3) test specimens eachfor compressive strength and absorption. Determine dimen-sional tolerances from either the compressive strength orabsorp
27、tion specimens prior to testing. Sample a minimum ofthree (3) specimens and test for resistance to freezing andthawing in accordance with Test Method C1645/C1645M.Sample a minimum of two (2) specimens for abrasion resis-tance and test in accordance with Test Method C418. Separatespecimens shall be u
28、sed for compressive strength, absorption,freeze-thaw, and abrasion resistance tests.7. Visual Inspection7.1 All units shall be sound and free of defects that wouldinterfere with the proper placing of the units or impair thestrength or performance of the construction. Minor cracksincidental to the us
29、ual methods of manufacture or minorchipping resulting from customary methods of handling inshipment and delivery shall not be deemed grounds forrejection.8. Rejection8.1 In case the shipment fails to conform to the specifiedrequirements, the manufacturer may sort it, and new specimensshall be select
30、ed by the purchaser from the retained lot andtested at the expense of the manufacturer. In case the second setof specimens fails to conform to the test requirements, theentire lot shall be rejected.FIG. 1 Length, Width, and Thickness of Concrete Paving UnitsC936/C936M 152SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee
31、C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C936/C936M 13) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2015)(1) Revised 5.7 to replace height with thickness. (2) Revised 4.1.2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity o
32、f any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to
33、 revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.
34、Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is c
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