1、Designation: C939 10C939/C939M 16Standard Test Method forFlow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow ConeMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C939;C939/C939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test m
3、ethod covers a procedure, used both in the laboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux of aspecified volume of fluid hydraulic cement grout through a standardized flow cone and used for preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete;however, the test method may also be used for other fluid gr
4、outs.1.2 It is for use with neat grout and with grouts containing fine aggregate all passing a 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve.1.3 This test method is intended for use with grout having an efflux time of 35 s or less.1.4 When efflux time exceeds 35 s, flowability is better determined by flow table, found in T
5、est Method C109/C109M, using5 drops in 3 s.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindep
6、endently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some valueshave only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice (Note 1).NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The altern
7、ative designation given in parentheses is for informationonly and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriat
8、e safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Co
9、ncrete AggregatesC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC938 Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures for Preplaced-Aggregate ConcreteE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer t
10、o Terminologies C125 and C219.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The time of efflux of a specified volume of grout from a standardized flow cone is measured.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
11、e C09.41 onHydraulic Cement Grouts.Current edition approved June 15, 2010Feb. 1, 2016. Published July 2010March 2016. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20022010 asC93902.10. DOI: 10.1520/C0939-10.10.1520/C0939-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www
12、.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of wha
13、t changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the
14、 official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of the fluidity of vari
15、ous fluid grout mixtures.6. Interferences6.1 The presence of solid particles retained on the 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve or lumps of unmixed material in the grout may causethe grout to flow unevenly through the discharge tube of the flow cone or stop the flow completely. Uneven flow will result inslower t
16、ransit of the grout, thereby indicating a false consistency.7. Apparatus7.1 Flow Cone, with dimensions as shown in Fig. 1. The discharge tube shall be stainless steel. The body can be stainless steel,cast aluminum, or other essentially noncorrodingnon-corroding metal.NOTE 1Cones with high-density po
17、lyethylene bodies are acceptable for field use in situations where precision as described in this test method is notrequired.NOTE 2Cones with high-density polyethylene bodies are acceptable for field use in situations where precision as described in this test method is notrequired.7.2 Receiving Cont
18、ainer, capacity 2000 mL, minimum.7.3 Ring Stand or other device, capable of supporting the flow cone in a vertical, steady position over the receiving container.7.4 Level, carpenters or similar.7.5 Stop Watch, least reading of not more than 0.2 s.7.6 Grout Mixer, conforming to Practice C938.8. Test
19、Sample8.1 The grout test sample shall be in excess of 1725 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.NOTE 1Other means of indicating grout level may be used as long as accurate indication of grout level on volume is obtained.FIG. 1 Cross Section of Flow ConeC939/C939M 1628.2 When samp
20、ling and testing is being done for the purpose of proportioning or comparing mixes or for qualifying materials,the temperature of the dry materials and mixing water shall be such that the temperature of the freshly mixed grout is 23.0 6 2.0C(73.573.5 6 3.5F),3.5F, unless otherwise specified.9. Calib
21、ration of Apparatus9.1 Mount the flow cone firmly in such a manner that it is free of vibration. Level the top to assure verticality. Close the outletof the discharge tube with a finger or a stopper. Introduce 1725 6 5 mL of water into the cone. Adjust the point gage to indicatethe level of the wate
22、r surface. Then allow the water to drain.9.2 Before first use of the flow cone with grout and periodically thereafter, check the accuracy of the cone by filling it with wateras described in 9.1. After checking or adjusting the point gage, start the stop watch and simultaneously remove the finger. St
23、opthe watch at the first break in the continuous flow of water. The time indicated by the stop watch is the time of efflux of water.If this time is 8.0 6 0.2 s, the cone may be used for determining the time of efflux of grout.10. Procedure10.1 Moisten the inside of the flow cone by filling the cone
24、with water and, 1 min before introducing the grout sample, allowthe water to drain from the cone. Close the outlet of the discharge tube with a finger or a stopper. Introduce the grout into the coneuntil the grout surface rises to contact the point gage, start the stop watch, and simultaneously remo
25、ve the finger or stopper. Stopthe watch at the first break in the continuous flow of grout from the discharge tube, then look into the top of the cone; if the grouthas passed sufficiently, such that light is visible through the discharge tube, the time indicated by the stop watch is the time of effl
26、uxof the grout. If light is not visible through the discharge tube, then the use of the flow cone is not applicable for grout of thisconsistency. At least two tests having times of efflux within 1.8 s of their average shall be made for each grout mixture.10.2 The test for time of efflux shall be mad
27、e within 1 min of drawing of the grout from the mixer or transmission line. Whengrout is being placed over a significant period of time, the time of efflux may be determined at selected intervals to demonstratethat the consistency is suitable for the work.11. Report11.1 Report the following informat
28、ion:11.1.1 Identification of sample,11.1.2 Identification of materials in the sample, the proportions, and whether laboratory-prepared or taken from the fieldproduction mix,11.1.3 Average time of efflux to nearest 0.2 s and time interval from completion of mixing at which the test was made, and11.1.
29、4 Temperature, ambient and of the sample at the time of test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe following within-laboratory, multiple-operator precision applies. The single laboratory standard deviationhas been found to be 0.88 s. Therefore, results from two properly conducted tests on the same
30、 material should not differ by morethan 2.49 s.12.2 BiasNo statement on bias can be prepared because there are no standard reference materials.13. Keywords13.1 flow cone; grout; preplaced-aggregate concrete; time of effluxSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected change
31、s to this specification since the last issue, C939 02,10, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved Feb. 1, 2016June 15, 2010.).)(1) Added new Section 3 Terminology to reference appropriate terminology documents under C01 and C09 and renumberedsubsequent sections.(1) Revised 1.5 to co
32、nvert to a dual units combined standard.(2) Added Note 1 to 1.5.(3) Revised Fig. 1 and 8.2 to include brackets around inch-pound units.C939/C939M 163ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users
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36、A 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 164
