1、Designation: C939/C939M 16aStandard Test Method forFlow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow ConeMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C939/C939M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method cover
3、s a procedure, used both in thelaboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux ofa specified volume of fluid hydraulic cement grout through astandardized flow cone and used for preplaced-aggregate (PA)concrete; however, the test method may also be used for otherfluid grouts.1.2 It is
4、 for use with neat grout and with grouts containingfine aggregate all passing a 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve.1.3 This test method is intended for use with grout havingan efflux time of 35 s or less.1.4 When efflux time exceeds 35 s, flowability is betterdetermined by flow table, found in Test Method C109/C
5、109M,using 5 drops in 3 s.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may resu
6、lt in non-conformancewith the standard. Some values have only SI units because theinch-pound equivalents are not used in practice (Note 1).NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is forinformation only and doe
7、s not represent a different standard sieve size.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of reg
8、ulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC938 P
9、ractice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures forPreplaced-Aggregate ConcreteE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, referto Terminologies C125 and C219.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The time of
10、efflux of a specified volume of grout from astandardized flow cone is measured.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is applicable to the determination ofthe fluidity of various fluid grout mixtures.6. Interferences6.1 The presence of solid particles retained on the 2.36-mm(No. 8) sieve or lum
11、ps of unmixed material in the grout maycause the grout to flow unevenly through the discharge tube ofthe flow cone or stop the flow completely. Uneven flow willresult in slower transit of the grout, thereby indicating a falseconsistency.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe C0
12、9 on Concreteand Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41on Hydraulic Cement Grouts.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C939 16. DOI:10.1520/C0939-16A.2For referenced A
13、STM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright AST
14、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Apparatus7.1 Flow Cone, with dimensions as shown in Fig. 1. Thedischarge tube shall be stainless steel. The body can bestainless steel, cast aluminum, or other essentially non-corroding metal.NOTE
15、 2Cones with high-density polyethylene bodies are acceptablefor field use in situations where precision as described in this test methodis not required.7.2 Receiving Container, capacity 2000 mL, minimum.7.3 Ring Stand or other device, capable of supporting theflow cone in a vertical, steady position
16、 over the receivingcontainer.7.4 Level, carpenters or similar.7.5 Stop Watch, least reading of not more than 0.2 s.7.6 Grout Mixer, conforming to Practice C938 or as requiredby the specifier of the tests (See Note 3).NOTE 3The type of mixer used will impact the test results of a givengrout mixture.8
17、 Test Sample8.1 The grout test sample shall be in excess of 1725 mL andshall be representative of the grout in the mixer.8.2 When sampling and testing is being done for thepurpose of proportioning or comparing mixes or for qualifyingmaterials, the temperature of the dry materials and mixingwater sh
18、all be such that the temperature of the freshly mixedgrout is 23.0 6 2.0C 73.5 6 3.5F, unless otherwisespecified.9. Calibration of Apparatus9.1 Mount the flow cone firmly in such a manner that it isfree of vibration. Level the top to assure verticality. Close theoutlet of the discharge tube with a f
19、inger or a stopper. Introduce1725 6 5 mL of water into the cone. Adjust the point gage toindicate the level of the water surface. Then allow the water todrain.9.2 Before first use of the flow cone with grout andperiodically thereafter, check the accuracy of the cone byfilling it with water as descri
20、bed in 9.1. After checking oradjusting the point gage, start the stop watch and simultane-ously remove the finger. Stop the watch at the first break in thecontinuous flow of water. The time indicated by the stop watchis the time of efflux of water. If this time is 8.0 6 0.2 s, the conemay be used fo
21、r determining the time of efflux of grout.NOTE 1Other means of indicating grout level may be used as long as accurate indication of grout level on volume is obtained.FIG. 1 Cross Section of Flow ConeC939/C939M 16a210. Procedure10.1 Moisten the inside of the flow cone by filling the conewith water an
22、d, 1 min before introducing the grout sample,allow the water to drain from the cone. Close the outlet of thedischarge tube with a finger or a stopper. Introduce the groutinto the cone until the grout surface rises to contact the pointgage, start the stop watch, and simultaneously remove thefinger or
23、 stopper. Stop the watch at the first break in thecontinuous flow of grout from the discharge tube, then lookinto the top of the cone; if the grout has passed sufficiently,such that light is visible through the discharge tube, the timeindicated by the stop watch is the time of efflux of the grout. I
24、flight is not visible through the discharge tube, then the use ofthe flow cone is not applicable for grout of this consistency. Atleast two tests having times of efflux within 1.8 s of theiraverage shall be made for each grout mixture.10.2 The test for time of efflux shall be made within 1 minof dra
25、wing of the grout from the mixer or transmission line.When grout is being placed over a significant period of time,the time of efflux may be determined at selected intervals todemonstrate that the consistency is suitable for the work.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Identificat
26、ion of sample,11.1.2 Identification of materials in the sample, theproportions, and whether laboratory-prepared or taken from thefield production mix,11.1.3 Average time of efflux to nearest 0.2 s and timeinterval from completion of mixing at which the test was made,and11.1.4 Temperature, ambient an
27、d of the sample at the timeof test, and11.1.5 Type of mixer used.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe following within-laboratory, multiple-operator precision applies. The single laboratory standarddeviation has been found to be 0.88 s. Therefore, results fromtwo properly conducted tests on the s
28、ame material should notdiffer by more than 2.49 s.12.2 BiasNo statement on bias can be prepared becausethere are no standard reference materials.13. Keywords13.1 flow cone; grout; preplaced-aggregate concrete; timeof effluxSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected chang
29、es to this standard since the last issue (C939 16)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2016.)(1) Revised 7.6 to optionally include mixing trial mixtures asrequired by the specifier.(2) Added Note 3 to 7.6, informing the user of using alternativemixers.(3) Added a requirement a
30、s 11.1.5 to Section 11 to report thetype of mixer used.Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue (C939 10), that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved Feb. 1, 2016.)(1) Revised 1.5 to convert to a dual units combined standa
31、rd.(2) Added Note 1 to 1.5.(3) Revised Fig. 1 and 8.2 to include brackets around inch-pound units.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determ
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