1、Designation: C939 10Standard Test Method forFlow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow ConeMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C939; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure, use
3、d both in thelaboratory and in the field, for determining the time of efflux ofa specified volume of fluid hydraulic cement grout through astandardized flow cone and used for preplaced-aggregate (PA)concrete; however, the test method may also be used for otherfluid grouts.1.2 It is for use with neat
4、 grout and with grouts containingfine aggregate all passing a 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve.1.3 This test method is intended for use with grout havingan efflux time of 35 s or less.1.4 When efflux time exceeds 35 s, flowability is betterdetermined by flow table, found in Test Method C109/C109M,using 5 drops
5、 in 3 s.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to estab
6、lish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C125 Terminology Relating to
7、 Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC938 Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures forPreplaced-Aggregate Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, referto Terminologies C125 and C219.4. Summary of Test M
8、ethod4.1 The time of efflux of a specified volume of grout from astandardized flow cone is measured.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is applicable to the determination ofthe fluidity of various fluid grout mixtures.6. Interferences6.1 The presence of solid particles retained on the 2.36-m
9、m(No. 8) sieve or lumps of unmixed material in the grout maycause the grout to flow unevenly through the discharge tube ofthe flow cone or stop the flow completely. Uneven flow willresult in slower transit of the grout, thereby indicating a falseconsistency.7. Apparatus7.1 Flow Cone, with dimensions
10、 as shown in Fig. 1. Thedischarge tube shall be stainless steel. The body can bestainless steel, cast aluminum, or other essentially noncorrod-ing metal.NOTE 1Cones with high-density polyethylene bodies are acceptablefor field use in situations where precision as described in this test methodis not
11、required.7.2 Receiving Container, capacity 2000 mL, minimum.7.3 Ring Stand or other device, capable of supporting theflow cone in a vertical, steady position over the receivingcontainer.7.4 Level, carpenters or similar.7.5 Stop Watch, least reading of not more than 0.2 s.1This test method is under t
12、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committe C09 on Concreteand Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41on Hydraulic Cement Grouts.Current edition approved June 15, 2010. Published July 2010. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C93902. DOI:10.
13、1520/C0939-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the e
14、nd of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.6 Grout Mixer, conforming to Practice C938.8. Test Sample8.1 The grout test sample shall be in excess of 1725 mL andshall be representative of the grout in the mixe
15、r.8.2 When sampling and testing is being done for thepurpose of proportioning or comparing mixes or for qualifyingmaterials, the temperature of the dry materials and mixingwater shall be such that the temperature of the freshly mixedgrout is 23.0 6 2.0C (73.5 6 3.5F), unless otherwisespecified.9. Ca
16、libration of Apparatus9.1 Mount the flow cone firmly in such a manner that it isfree of vibration. Level the top to assure verticality. Close theoutlet of the discharge tube with a finger or a stopper. Introduce1725 6 5 mL of water into the cone. Adjust the point gage toindicate the level of the wat
17、er surface. Then allow the water todrain.9.2 Before first use of the flow cone with grout andperiodically thereafter, check the accuracy of the cone byfilling it with water as described in 9.1. After checking oradjusting the point gage, start the stop watch and simulta-neously remove the finger. Sto
18、p the watch at the first break inthe continuous flow of water. The time indicated by the stopwatch is the time of efflux of water. If this time is 8.0 6 0.2 s,the cone may be used for determining the time of efflux ofgrout.10. Procedure10.1 Moisten the inside of the flow cone by filling the conewith
19、 water and, 1 min before introducing the grout sample,allow the water to drain from the cone. Close the outlet of thedischarge tube with a finger or a stopper. Introduce the groutinto the cone until the grout surface rises to contact the pointgage, start the stop watch, and simultaneously remove the
20、finger or stopper. Stop the watch at the first break in thecontinuous flow of grout from the discharge tube, then lookinto the top of the cone; if the grout has passed sufficiently,such that light is visible through the discharge tube, the timeindicated by the stop watch is the time of efflux of the
21、 grout. Iflight is not visible through the discharge tube, then the use ofthe flow cone is not applicable for grout of this consistency. Atleast two tests having times of efflux within 1.8 s of theiraverage shall be made for each grout mixture.10.2 The test for time of efflux shall be made within 1
22、minof drawing of the grout from the mixer or transmission line.When grout is being placed over a significant period of time,the time of efflux may be determined at selected intervals todemonstrate that the consistency is suitable for the work.NOTE 1Other means of indicating grout level may be used a
23、s long as accurate indication of grout level on volume is obtained.FIG. 1 Cross Section of Flow ConeC939 10211. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Identification of sample,11.1.2 Identification of materials in the sample, the propor-tions, and whether laboratory-prepared or taken fro
24、m the fieldproduction mix,11.1.3 Average time of efflux to nearest 0.2 s and timeinterval from completion of mixing at which the test was made,and11.1.4 Temperature, ambient and of the sample at the timeof test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe following within-laboratory, multiple-operator pr
25、ecision applies. The single laboratory standarddeviation has been found to be 0.88 s. Therefore, results fromtwo properly conducted tests on the same material should notdiffer by more than 2.49 s.12.2 BiasNo statement on bias can be prepared becausethere are no standard reference materials.13. Keywo
26、rds13.1 flow cone; grout; preplaced-aggregate concrete; timeof effluxSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C93902, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved June 15, 2010)(1) Added new Section 3 Termi
27、nology to reference appropriateterminology documents under C01 and C09 and renumberedsubsequent sections.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
28、 determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprov
29、ed or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fee
30、l that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual repr
31、ints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C939 103
