1、Designation: C945 05 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Practice forDesign Considerations and Spray Application of a RigidCellular Polyurethane Insulation System on Outdoor ServiceVessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice concerns itself with the substrate pre
3、para-tion and priming, the selection of the rigid cellular polyure-thane system, and the protective insulation coatings for outdoorservice equipment.NOTE 1For the purpose of this practice, polyurethane is defined tomean either polyurethane or polyisocyanurate and is hereafter referred toas “PUR/PIR.
4、”1.2 The values given in inch-pound are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety problems associated with its use. I
5、t isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationD883 Terminology Relating to Plastic
6、sD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD2200 Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface PreparationStandards and Guides for Painting Steel Surfaces2.2 American National Standards:Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye andFace Protection32.3 Clemtex Limited Standard:“Anch
7、or Pattern Standard”42.4 National Association of Corrosion Engineers Standard:TM-01-70 Visual Surface Preparation Panels52.5 Other Documents:Safety Precautions in Handling and Spraying of PUR/PIRSystems6,73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions included inTerminology C168,Definitions D883, andAbbre
8、viations D1600 apply to the termsused in this standard.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 blastingthe process of cleaning surfaces by use ofabrasive particles propelled at high velocity upon the surface tobe cleaned.3.2.2 coatings/coveringsultraviolet ray-absorbing andwater-she
9、dding protective materials applied over the urethanefoam.3.2.3 density:3.2.3.1 in-place density the weight per unit volume of thecross section of foam from substrate to exposed surface,including all skins (or surfaces).3.2.3.2 core density the weight per unit volume of a singlelayer of foam excludin
10、g top and bottom skins or (if present)interlayer skins.3.2.4 foam systemappropriate formulations of two liquidcomponents, polyisocyanate, or A side, and polyol, or B side,for intended applications.3.2.5 ignition barriercement plaster or equivalentcoating/covering providing a resistance to ignition o
11、f the foaminsulation acceptable to the concerned building or fire depart-ment(s), or both. (Designated UL test is optional.)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on InsulationSystems.Current edition
12、 approved March 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C94505. DOI:10.1520/C0945-05R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStand
13、ards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Clemtex Ltd., P.O. Box 15214, Houston, TX 77020.5Available from NACE
14、 International (NACE), 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston,TX 77084-4906, http:/www.nace.org.6Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA), 4400 Fair Lakes Ct, Suite 105,Fairfax, VA, http:/sprayfoam.org7Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry (API), 1300 Wilson Blvd Suite 800,Arlington, VA 22209, http:/polyuret
15、hanes.org1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice facilitates the selection and application ofan insulation system for use at service temperatures be-tween 30 and + 107C (22 and + 225F)
16、. Although thesuccessful installation of spray-applied PUR/PIR is influencedby many factors, this practice treats those four areas found tobe of major importance:(1) Substrate preparation,(2) Substrate priming,(3) Insulation application, and(4) Protective coatings.4.2 Abrasive blasting, primer appli
17、cation, spray applicationof the insulation, and protective coating application eachcontribute their unique health and safety hazards to the job siteand will be dealt with in more detail under their respectiveheadings.5. Substrate Preparation5.1 Proper substrate preparation is mandatory to obtain asu
18、ccessful foam application. These preparation methods mustremove any contaminants that will interfere with developmentof the maximum adhesion of the urethane foam. The method(s)chosen are dependent upon the contaminants present on thesurface and the end-use design service temperature.5.1.1 Previously
19、 Coated Iron and Steel SurfacesThe ad-hesion of spray-applied urethane to previously coated surfacesis directly influenced by the age, type, and condition of thesurface. For this reason any coating that exhibits chalking,peeling, or other evidence of failure or damage must beremoved and an appropria
20、te primer applied. Abrasive blastingis recommended. If blasting is to be accomplished, all itemslisted under Section 6 should be followed. In all cases, thecoated substrate must be cleaned and free of rust, grease, oil,dirt, dust, moisture, etc., immediately prior to foam spraying byone or more of t
21、he following methods: ( a) wash with waterand allow to dry, (b) brush, (c) broom, or (d) air blast.5.1.2 New Iron or Steel SurfacesField blasting and prim-ing is recommended. All blasting is to be accomplished inaccordance with items listed in Section 6. Shop preparation isalso acceptable with prope
22、r field surface preparation of theweld joints and all damaged areas. In all cases, the substrate tobe sprayed with foam shall be free of rust, grease, oil, looseparticles, and mill scale, moisture, dirt, etc. After priming iscomplete, all areas that are specified to be insulated shall bewashed with
23、water and allowed to dry, brushed, broomed, orair-blasted prior to applying the insulation.NOTE 2Caution: Be sure the primer is useable at the design tempera-ture and acceptable under the foam insulation.5.1.3 Galvanized Metal SurfacesClean with an acceptablesolvent, wash with water to remove deposi
24、ts, spray with anacceptable wash primer, and then coat all areas with anacceptable primer or coating.NOTE 3This procedure is not always required depending on the age ofthe metal, exposure, and use.5.1.4 Aluminum SurfacesDegrease with appropriate sol-vents. Coat the clean, dry surface with a recommen
25、ded primeror coating.5.1.5 Stainless Steel SurfacesDegrease with appropriatesolvents. Coat the clean, dry surface with a recommendedprimer or coating. (Chloride-free materials are recommendedon surfaces operating above 140F (60C).)6. Recommended Blasting Procedures6.1 All surfaces to be primed or co
26、ated shall be prepared tothe degree of cleanliness and surface profile as recommendedby the primer supplier. Pictorial D2200 shall be used as thestandard. Blast-cleaned surface acceptance will be by one ormore of the following visual comparison methods:“ AnchorPattern Standards” NACE Visual Surface
27、Preparation Panels(Standard TM-01-70), and Pictorial D2200.6.2 All welding, burning, etc., shall be completed prior tothe blasting operation.6.3 Remove any grease or oil with a petroleum solvent orwater-detergent solution. All flux, spatter, slag, or other lami-nations left from welding must be chip
28、ped or ground off.Rough welds and other sharp projections should be groundsmooth by the fabricator prior to the blasting operation.6.4 Sandblast sand shall be sharp, graded flint or silica sand(16 to 30 mesh). Where inorganic zinc coatings are applied, thesurface preparation shall be abrasive blaste
29、d using 16 to30-mesh sand, G40 to 50 grit, or an equivalent abrasive thatwill provide a similar surface profile.All abrasives shall be freeof all dust, dirt, and other foreign matter. They shall be kept dryand free of oil at all times.MANDATORY HEALTH AND SAFETYPRECAUTIONS FOR BLASTING OPERATIONS6.4
30、.1 Effective oil and water traps shall be used to ensureclean, dry air supply to the abrasive pot. Water shall becontinuously bled from the moisture trap.6.4.2 A“dead-man” valve shall be used on all blast nozzles.6.4.3 All blast hoses shall have an antistatic lining.6.4.4 All blast nozzles shall be
31、properly grounded.6.4.5 Nozzle blast operators exposed to blasting dust shallwear a U.S. Bureau of Mines-approved helmet connected to aclean, breathable compressed air source.6.4.6 All others exposed to blasting dust shall wear a U.S.Bureau of Mines-approved filter-type respirator. Adequatepersonnel
32、 protection from flying particles shall be provided inany blasting operation.6.4.7 If at any time the blasting equipment and materialspecifications are not being met, the owner may suspend theoperation.6.4.8 Blasted surfaces shall not be allowed to become wet ordulled by oxidation to a point where v
33、isible rusting hasoccurred.6.4.9 All surfaces shall be primed during the same day thatthey are blasted.6.4.10 Surface cleanliness and profile depth shall be suitablefor the metal primer to be used. These conditions shall bemonitored in accordance with the visual comparison methodsspecified herein.6.
34、4.11 Surfaces inspected and found to not meet the criteriaoutlined in 6.1-6.4 must be blasted again.C945 05 (2012)27. Selection of Metal Primer7.1 The following items shall be considered when choosinga metal primer:7.1.1 Surface preparation required,7.1.2 Foam adhesion, substrate adhesion, and heat
35、resis-tance at the maximum and minimum vessel operating tempera-tures, and7.1.3 Corrosion resistance to spilled vessel contents.7.2 Listed below are general application recommendations,which may vary depending on the type of primer selected:7.2.1 The manufacturers recommendations for thinning,mixing
36、, handling, and applying his products shall be consid-ered a part of this practice.7.2.2 All bolts, welds, faying surfaces, sharp edges, anddifficult access areas shall receive a primer spot-coat prior toprimer spray application.7.2.3 The primer shall be applied in a fashion to obtaincomplete covera
37、ge.7.2.4 Primer shall not be applied during rain, snow, fog,mist, high relative humidity, or low metal temperatures. Therelative humidity and dew point shall be determined at the jobsite using a surface thermometer and wet/dry bulb slingpsychrometer.7.2.4.1 Priming of the metal shall not be permitte
38、d when thetemperature of the metal is at or below the dew point or abovethe dew point and falling with the temperature expected toreach the dew point before the application is complete. Primingshall be permitted when the temperature is above the dew pointand rising or expected to remain above the de
39、w point whileapplication is taking place.7.2.5 Primer shall be applied to a clean, dry substrate free ofdirt, sand, and loose foreign matter.7.2.6 The substrate shall be prepared in accordance withSection 5 prior to metal primer application. Any metal oxidiz-ing or developing rust prior to primer ap
40、plication shall bereturned to the specified degree of surface preparation.7.2.7 After the primer has been applied and allowed to dry,inspect the primer for holidays and adequate dry film thickness.Where inadequate dry film thickness or holidays exist, addi-tional material shall be applied or the sur
41、face reconditioned andthe primer reapplied. Same as 7.2.6.7.2.8 Primer spray application equipment shall be thatrecommended by the coating manufacturer. Compressed airsources shall have moisture traps. Before spray applicationbegins, all hoses and guns shall be solvent-flushed and in-spected to ensu
42、re that no moisture is present.7.2.9 All flames, sparks, welding, and smoking shall beprohibited in the application area.7.2.10 All affected items, in the surrounding area, shall beprotected from overspray.7.2.11 Spray guns must be held perpendicular to the surfacebeing painted and adjusted so that
43、dry overspray is minimized.8. Selection of the Foam System8.1 A wide range of foam systems is available in variousdensities, each exhibiting different temperature limitations,combustibility characteristics, etc. The use of these systems incombination with each other or with conventional insulationpr
44、oducts offer a broad range of economical installations.8.2 Published properties are usually determined onlaboratory-produced samples. The thickness of foam sprayed,number of passes, temperature of the substrate, ambienttemperatures, etc., have a pronounced effect on all properties.8.3 Resistance to
45、chemical attack from in-service exposureshall be considered in the selection of the proper foam system.The degree of possible damage to the foam system is deter-mined by the amount of the chemical, its type, temperature,and duration of contact.8.4 Listed below are several items that shall be conside
46、redin the selection of the foam system:8.4.1 Insulation temperature limitation versus vessel oper-ating design temperature,8.4.2 Dimensional stability under simulated service condi-tions,8.4.3 Combustibility characteristics,8.4.4 Application conditions (substrate and ambient tem-peratures, etc.),8.4
47、.5 History of similar application or laboratory data relat-ing to the application in question,8.4.6 Compressive strength,8.4.7 Adhesion to substrate, and8.4.8 Thermal resistance.8.5 Handling of Foam System Materials:8.5.1 Materials shall be stored in accordance with themanufacturers recommendations.
48、8.5.2 All materials associated with the foam system shall bedelivered to the job site in unopened standard commercialcontainers bearing the manufacturers original label with thefollowing information:8.5.2.1 Name of manufacturer,8.5.2.2 Name of contents,8.5.2.3 Net weight of contents,8.5.2.4 Lot or b
49、atch number,8.5.2.5 Recommended storage temperature range,8.5.2.6 A “caution” label giving safety instructions forhandling and storage temperature range,8.5.2.7 Mixing instructions, and8.5.2.8 Listing agency label, if applicable, plus Certificateof Conformance. The contractor shall keep a record of thisinformation throughout the guarantee period.8.5.3 Containers shall not be opened until ready for imme-diate use. Undue agitation of containers shall be avoided.8.5.4 In the case of bulk shipments, the spray foam contrac-tor may transfer each of the urethane
