1、Designation: C 969 02Standard Practice forInfiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of InstalledPrecast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 969; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practi
3、ce covers procedures for testing installedprecast concrete pipe sewer lines using either water infiltrationor exfiltration acceptance limits to demonstrate the integrity ofthe installed materials and construction procedure.1.2 A complete metric companion to this practice has beendevelopedC 969M; the
4、refore, no metric equivalents arepresented in this practice.NOTE 1The owner shall specify the following: who will conduct,observe, and furnish labor, furnish material and measuring devices, andpay for the tests; who is responsible for determining local groundwaterconditions; and which test is to be
5、conducted, that is, an infiltration test oran exfiltration test.NOTE 2The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presentedin this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe, 24-in. diameter orlarger, may be accepted by visual inspection when testing for infiltration.1.3 This sta
6、ndard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
7、ASTM Standards:C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProducts23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Determine the groundwater conditions surrounding thesection of sewer to be tested and selec
8、t the type of test to beconducted.4.2 For the infiltration test, the amount of water leaking intothe sewer line is measured, and the rate of infiltration isdetermined. If the rate is less than or equal to the allowablelimit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.4.3 For the exfiltration test, th
9、e sewer line is filled withwater to the specified test head and the rate of water loss isdetermined. If the rate is less than or equal to the allowablelimit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded areapplicable only to the
10、 sewer being tested and at the time oftesting.6. Preparation of the Sewer Line6.1 The sewer shall should be free of debris prior to testing.6.2 The manholes, the ends of the branches, laterals, wyesand stubs to be included in the test shall be plugged. All plugsshall be secured to prevent leakage bl
11、owout due to testingpressure.7. Procedure7.1 Infiltration Testing:7.1.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or betweenmore than two manholes. The length of main tested shall notexceed 700 ft.7.1.2 Stop all dewatering operations and allow the ground-water to return to its normal level. Infiltrati
12、on testing shall notbe used unless the groundwater level is at least 2 ft above thecrown of the pipe for the entire length of the test section.7.1.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstreammanhole.7.1.4 Measure the groundwater elevation and determine theaverage head over the test section.
13、7.1.5 Measure infiltration leakage at the outlet of the testsection. Because leakage allowances are small, measurementsare best made by either timing the filling of a small containerof known volume, or by directing flow into a container for aspecified time and measuring the content, or by using smal
14、lweirs.7.1.6 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal to1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on ConcretePipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methods of Test.Current edition approved Aug 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originallypubl
15、ished as C 96982. Last previous edition C 96994(2000).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the allowable leakage in accordance with 8.1, the section ofsewer tested is acceptable.7.
16、1.7 If the test section fails, it is not prohibited that it berepaired and retested in accordance with this practice.7.2 Exfiltration Testing:7.2.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or betweenmore than two manholes. The length of main tested shall notexceed 700 ft.7.2.2 Determine the groundwat
17、er elevation at both ends ofthe test section. If the groundwater level is less than 2 ft abovethe crown of the pipe measured from the highest elevation ofthe sewer, the exfiltration test shall be used.7.2.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstreammanhole and the test section outlet. Fill
18、the sewer line withwater.7.2.4 At the upstream manhole the test head shall beestablished as minimum of 2 ft above the crown of the pipe, orat least 2 ft above existing groundwater, whichever is higher.7.2.5 Allow the pipe to remain saturated for a period longenough to allow water absorption in the p
19、ipe, a minimum of 4h and up to a maximum of 72 h. After the absorption period,refill the pipe to the required test head.7.2.6 Measure the leakage loss over a timed test period. Theminimum test period shall be 15 min and the maximum shallnot exceed 24 h.7.2.7 If the measured rate of leakage is less t
20、han or equal tothe allowable leakage in accordance with 8.2, the section ofsewer tested is acceptable.7.2.8 If the test section fails, it is not prohibited that it berepaired and retested in accordance with this practice. Thegroundwater elevation shall be redetermined prior to a secondtest and the t
21、est head adjusted, if necessary, in accordance with7.2.4.8. Leakage Criteria8.1 Infiltration Testing:8.1.1 For infiltration testing, the allowable leakage limitincluding manholes is 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mileof sewer) (24 h) when the average head on the test section is 6ft or less.NOTE
22、 3The average head on the test section is the head above thecrown of the pipe at the upstream manhole plus the head above the crownof the pipe at the downstream manhole divided by two.8.1.2 When the average groundwater head on the testsection is greater than 6 ft, the allowable leakage shall beincre
23、ased in proportion to the ratio of the square root of theaverage groundwater head to the square root of the base headof 6 ft.8.1.3 Manholes shall be tested separately and independentlyor with the pipeline with the allowance of 0.1 gal/(ft ofdiameter) (ft of head) (h). If building or house leads arec
24、onnected to the main line being tested, allowance shall bemade for permissible leakage in such leads.8.2 Exfiltration Testing:8.2.1 For exfiltration testing the allowable leakage limitincluding manholes is 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mileof sewer) (24 h) when the average head on the test sec
25、tion is 3ft or less.8.2.2 When the average head on the test section is greaterthan 3 ft, the allowable leakage shall be multiplied by the ratioof the square root of the average test head and the square rootof the base head of 3 ft.8.2.3 Manholes shall be tested separately and independentlyor with th
26、e pipeline with an allowance of 0.1 gal/(ft ofdiameter) (ft of head) (h).9. Calculation9.1 Sample calculations are presented in the Appendix.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of beingmade either on precision or on bias of these procedures sincethe test results
27、merely state whether there is conformance to thecriteria for the success specified. Due to the sealing effects ofgroundwater, internal flow in the sewerline, and test water, thetest conditions and results are not reproducible.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. APPLICATION OF THE PRACTICEX1.1 The
28、following examples have been prepared todemonstrate the technique of applying this practice:X1.1.1 Example 1: A sewer line is to be tested for infiltra-tion. The sewer line is a 12-in. diameter pipe with thegroundwater head over the upstream manhole of 9 ft and agroundwater head over the downstream
29、manhole of 11 ft. Thedistance between manholes is 400 ft.X1.1.1.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate of infiltra-tion leakage per hour of test.X1.1.1.2 Solution: The average test head in feet is:Test head 5 9 1 11!/2# 5 10 (X1.1)Since the test head is greater than the base head (6 ft), theallowabl
30、e rate of 200 gal/(in. diameter) (mile) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio of the square root of the averagegroundwater head (10 ft) and the square root of the base head(6 ft) or:Allowable leakage 5 200 3=10=65 258 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!(X1.2)Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage
31、for theC969022above line in gallons per hour gives:Allowable leakage: 258 12 diameter!3 400 ft!/24 h!35280 ft/mile!#5 9.77 (X1.3)X1.1.1.3 Answer: 9.77 gal/h.X1.1.2 Example 2: A sewer line is to be tested for exfil-tration as the groundwater level is below the crown of the pipeat the upstream manhole
32、. The sewer line is an 18-in. diameterpipe with a specified test head of 2 ft over the crown of the pipeat the upstream manhole. The sewer line test section is 400 ftlong between manholes on a slope of 1.0 %.X1.1.2.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate of exfiltra-tion leakage per hour of test.X1.1
33、.2.2 Solution: The average test head in feet is:Test head 5400 3 0.01 1 2! 1 225 4 (X1.4)Since the test head is greater than the base head (3 ft), theallowable rate of 200 gal/(in. diameter) (mile) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio of the square root of the test head andthe square root of the ba
34、se head (3 ft) or:Allowable leakage 5 200 3=4=35 231 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!(X1.5)Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for theabove line in gallons per hour gives:Allowable leakage 5 231 18 diameter!3400 ft!/24 h!3 5280 ft/mile!#5 13.1 (X1.6)X1.1.2.3 Answer: 13.1 gal/h.ASTM Internati
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36、r own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should b
37、e addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standard
38、s, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C969023
