1、Designation: C977 03 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Specification forQuicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification pertains to quic
3、klime and hydratedlime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for usein stabilization of soils (See Note 2).NOTE 1Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and mayrender such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing applications. In most cases, lime cause
4、s finely divided clayparticles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens bychemical reaction.NOTE 2No attempt is made to present requirements for by-productlime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements
5、for thesematerials could be better determined on a local basis.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does
6、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand
7、ards:2C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,Quicklime, and Hydrated LimeC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Qu
8、icklime,Hydrated Lime, and LimestoneD6276 Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-LimeProportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization3. Chemical Composition3.1 Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms usedin this specification, refer to Terminology C51.3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime
9、 for soil stabilization shallconform to the following chemical composition:Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on a non-volatile basis,minimum %)90.0Carbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 5.0Free Moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 2.04. Physical Properties4.1 Hydrated L
10、ime, shall have not more than 3 % retainedon a No. 30 (590-m) sieve and not more than 25 % retainedon a No. 200 (75-m) sieve.4.2 Quicklime:4.2.1 Particle Size of QuicklimeQuicklime shall all pass a1.0-in. (24.4-mm) sieve.4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a tempera-ture rise of a mini
11、mum of 30C in 20 min as measured by TestMethods C110.4.2.3 Residue of QuicklimeQuicklime for soil stabiliza-tion shall have not more than 10 % residue as measured by TestMethods C110.5. Field Applications5.1 When quicklimes are used, ensure that thorough mixingof the lime and soil is accomplished an
12、d all lime pebbles havebeen hydrated with additional water and distributed uniformlythroughout the soil. There shall be no lime pebbles presentbefore the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soilwith a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visiblelime pebbles. Care should be exe
13、rcised on initial dry applica-tions to minimize environmental dusting.5.2 For hydrated limes, additional water shall be added tothe lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distri-bution of the hydrated lime in the soil layer. There shall be nolime clumps present before the compaction oper
14、ation starts.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Limeand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications andGuidelines.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 200
15、3 as C977 03. DOI:10.1520/C0977-03R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM Interna
16、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Check by turning soil with a spade at representative intervalsand inspect for visible lime clumps. Care should be exercisedon initial dry applications to minimize environmental dusting.36. Test Method6.1 The
17、chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated limeshall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods C25.6.2 The particle size of hydrated lime shall be determined inaccordance with the sieve analysis of hydrated lime in TestMethods C110.6.3 The appendix of this specification contains a non-mandatory
18、test to approximate the lime-soil proportion forstabilization. A more detailed version of this test appears inTest Method D6276.7. Sampling, Inspection, Packaging, and Marking7.1 The sampling, inspection, rejection, retesting, packag-ing, and marking shall be done in accordance with PracticeC50.8. K
19、eywords8.1 highway construction; hydrated lime; lime treated soils;load-bearing; quicklime; soil; stabilizationAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EADES AND GRIM TEST METHOD FORDETERMINING THE APPROXIMATE LIME/SOIL PROPORTION FOR STABILIZATIONX1.1 This test method usually provides a lime-soil prop
20、or-tion for stabilization. It gives an indication whether the soil inquestion can be stabilized. For most stabilization work, theresults of this test should be verified by performance tests in asoil laboratory.X1.2 Air dry a sufficient quantity of the soil to be tested andscreen through a No. 40 (42
21、5-m) sieve. Store in a closedcontainer to maintain uniform moisture. Weigh to the nearest0.1 g a series of 20-g samples of soil and place in separate150-mL plastic containers with water-tight lids.X1.3 In the case of quicklime, rapidly crush the lime to passa No. 6 (3.35-mm) sieve.X1.4 Weigh, to the
22、 nearest 0.01 g, a series of quantities oflime equivalent to 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 % of the soil sample.X1.5 Add the lime quantity to the soil sample, mark thecontainer with the appropriate percentage, and mix the drycontents thoroughly.X1.6 Add the 100 mL of 70F carbon dioxide-free distilledwater or, i
23、f possible, 70F actual water to be used on the job toeach container of soil and lime. Seal with screw-cap lid andmix the three components by shaking the bottles. Shake eachbottle for 30 s every ten min for 1 h.After 1 h, shake vigorouslyand transfer part of the slurry into a beaker. Measure the pHwi
24、th a low-sodium error glass electrode (previously standard-ized to pH 12.45 with an agitated calcium hydroxide slurry).Record the pH reading for each mixture.X1.7 If the pH readings are 12.40 or higher, the lowestpercentage that gives a pH of 12.40 is the % required tostabilize the soil. If the pH r
25、eadings do not go beyond pH of12.30 and two percentages give this reading, the lowest % togive a pH of 12.30 is the % required to stabilize the soil. If thehighest pH reading is a pH of 12.30 and only the highestpercentage lime used gives a pH of 12.30, additional testing isrequired using higher per
26、centages of lime.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
27、 such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for a
28、dditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
29、 the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at
30、the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3Further information on soil stabilization construction technique is availablefrom National LimeAssociation Bulletin No. 326, 200 N. Glebe Rd.,Arlington, VA,222033728. This information can be accessed online at www.lime.org.C977 03 (2009)2
