1、Designation: C977 10Standard Specification forQuicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated
3、lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for usein stabilization of soils (See Note 2).NOTE 1Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and mayrender such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided c
4、layparticles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens bychemical reaction.NOTE 2No attempt is made to present requirements for by-productlime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for thesematerials
5、 could be better determined on a local basis.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to ad
6、dress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C25 Test Met
7、hods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,Quicklime, and Hydrated LimeC50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,and Marking of Lime and Limestone ProductsC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,Hydrated L
8、ime, and LimestoneD6276 Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-LimeProportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization3. Chemical Composition3.1 Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms usedin this specification, refer to Terminology C51.3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabiliz
9、ation shallconform to the following chemical composition:Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on a non-volatile basis,minimum %)90.0Carbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 5.0Free Moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 2.04. Physical Properties4.1 Hydrated Lime, shall have no
10、t more than 3 % retainedon a No. 30 (590-m) sieve and not more than 25 % retainedon a No. 200 (75-m) sieve.4.2 Quicklime:4.2.1 Particle Size of QuicklimeQuicklime shall all pass a1.0-in. (24.4-mm) sieve.4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a tempera-ture rise of a minimum of 30C in 20 m
11、in.4.2.3 Residue of QuicklimeQuicklime for soil stabiliza-tion shall have not more than 10 % residue.5. Field Applications5.1 When quicklimes are used, ensure that thorough mixingof the lime and soil is accomplished and all lime pebbles havebeen hydrated with additional water and distributed uniform
12、lythroughout the soil. There shall be no lime pebbles presentbefore the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soilwith a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visiblelime pebbles. Care should be exercised on initial dry applica-tions to minimize environmental dusting.5.2 For hydr
13、ated limes, additional water shall be added tothe lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distri-bution of the hydrated lime in the soil layer. There shall be nolime clumps present before the compaction operation starts.Check by turning soil with a spade at representative intervalsand ins
14、pect for visible lime clumps. Care should be exercisedon initial dry applications to minimize environmental dusting.31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Limeand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications andGuidelines.Current edition appr
15、oved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C97703(2009). DOI:10.1520/C0977-03R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSta
16、ndards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Further information on soil stabilization construction technique is availablefrom National LimeAssociation Bulletin No. 326, 200 N. Glebe Rd.,Arlington, VA,222033728. This information can be accessed online a
17、t www.lime.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Test Method6.1 The chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated limeshall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods C25.6.2 The particle size of hydrated lime shall
18、be determined inaccordance with the sieve analysis of hydrated lime in TestMethods C110.6.3 The quicklime temperature rise and residue should bedetermined in accordance with the Slaking Rate of Quicklimein Test Methods C110.6.4 The appendix of this specification contains a non-mandatory test to appr
19、oximate the lime-soil proportion forstabilization. A more detailed version of this test appears inTest Method D6276.7. Sampling, Inspection, Packaging, and Marking7.1 The sampling, inspection, rejection, retesting, packag-ing, and marking shall be done in accordance with PracticeC50.8. Keywords8.1 h
20、ighway construction; hydrated lime; lime treated soils;load-bearing; quicklime; soil; stabilizationAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EADES AND GRIM TEST METHOD FORDETERMINING THE APPROXIMATE LIME/SOIL PROPORTION FOR STABILIZATIONX1.1 This test method usually provides a lime-soil propor-tion for
21、stabilization. It gives an indication whether the soil inquestion can be stabilized. For most stabilization work, theresults of this test should be verified by performance tests in asoil laboratory.X1.2 Air dry a sufficient quantity of the soil to be tested andscreen through a No. 40 (425-m) sieve.
22、Store in a closedcontainer to maintain uniform moisture. Weigh to the nearest0.1 g a series of 20-g samples of soil and place in separate150-mL plastic containers with water-tight lids.X1.3 In the case of quicklime, rapidly crush the lime to passa No. 6 (3.35-mm) sieve.X1.4 Weigh, to the nearest 0.0
23、1 g, a series of quantities oflime equivalent to 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 % of the soil sample.X1.5 Add the lime quantity to the soil sample, mark thecontainer with the appropriate percentage, and mix the drycontents thoroughly.X1.6 Add the 100 mL of 70F carbon dioxide-free distilledwater or, if possible,
24、70F actual water to be used on the job toeach container of soil and lime. Seal with screw-cap lid andmix the three components by shaking the bottles. Shake eachbottle for 30 s every ten min for 1 h.After 1 h, shake vigorouslyand transfer part of the slurry into a beaker. Measure the pHwith a low-sod
25、ium error glass electrode (previously standard-ized to pH 12.45 with an agitated calcium hydroxide slurry).Record the pH reading for each mixture.X1.7 If the pH readings are 12.40 or higher, the lowestpercentage that gives a pH of 12.40 is the % required tostabilize the soil. If the pH readings do n
26、ot go beyond pH of12.30 and two percentages give this reading, the lowest % togive a pH of 12.30 is the % required to stabilize the soil. If thehighest pH reading is a pH of 12.30 and only the highestpercentage lime used gives a pH of 12.30, additional testing isrequired using higher percentages of
27、lime.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights
28、, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional st
29、andardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Co
30、mmittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C977 102
