1、Designation: C979/C979M 10Standard Specification forPigments for Integrally Colored Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C979/C979M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the basic requirement forcolored and white pigments in powder form to be used asadmixtures in concrete for
3、 the purpose of producing integrallycolored concrete. Where the pigments are a constituent of amulticomponent admixture, this specification applies to thepigment constituent of the admixture. This specification is notintended to establish compatibility of pigments with any otherconcrete admixtures u
4、nless they are tested in combination inaccordance with 4.7.1.2 This specification does not include the determination ofpigment stability when elevated temperature using low-pressure (atmospheric) or high-pressure (autoclave) steam isused to accelerate the curing process.1.3 In addition to tests defi
5、ning the pigments themselves, alimited number of tests on concrete are included to define theeffects on setting times, air content, and compressive strength.If more extensive information is required for a particular job,additional testing criteria and procedures should be agreedupon between the sell
6、er and user.1.4 The maximum prescribed dosage rate of a pigment,established in accordance with 4.7, shall be equal to or lessthan 10 mass % of cement. When a combination of pigments isused to produce the desired color and color intensity, the totaldosage rate of all pigments combined shall not excee
7、d any ofthe individual maximum dosage rates of the component pig-ments.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.
8、Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. Some values have only SI units becauseinch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength
9、 of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC192/C192M Practi
10、ce for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceD50
11、 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Or-ange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron andManganeseD1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of CertainPigmentsD1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With an
12、d Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials32.2 ACI Standards:211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportions forNormal and Heavyweight Concrete41This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Su
13、bcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C979 05. DOI:10.1520/C0979_C0979M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custo
14、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O.
15、Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Defintions:3.2 For definitions of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology C125.4. Genera
16、l Requirements4.1 Water WettabilityThe pigment shall be water wettablewhen tested in accordance with 8.1.4.2 Alkali ResistanceThe pigment treated with sodiumhydroxide shall not show any significant (Note 1) change ofcolor when tested in accordance with 8.2.4.3 Total SulfatesCalculated as SO3, the su
17、lfates shall notexceed 5.0 mass % of the original pigment sample when testedin accordance with 8.3.4.4 Water SolubilityThe total matter soluble in water shallnot exceed 2.0 mass % of the original pigment sample whentested in accordance with 8.4.4.5 Atmospheric Curing StabilityThe magnitude of colord
18、ifferences between pigmented concrete specimens cured indry air and those cured at high relative humidity when tested inaccordance with 8.5 shall not be greater than the magnitude ofthe color difference between two unpigmented specimenscured under the same conditions.4.6 Light ResistanceThe exposed
19、portions of the speci-mens shall show no significant differences (Note 1) in colorfrom the unexposed portions when tested in accordance with8.6. While a pigment that fails this test shall not be consideredlight resistant, a pigment that passes this test may still besubject to fading when exposed to
20、natural weathering condi-tions.NOTE 1A significant difference is defined as one that is readilyperceptible by visual observation without close examination. Lighting andviewing conditions as described in Practice D1535, 6.1, may be used.4.7 Effects on Concrete:4.7.1 When compared with the control mix
21、ture, the concretethat is pigmented at the maximum prescribed dosage rate shallhave a 28-day compressive strength of not less than 90 % anda water-cement ratio of not greater than 110 % of that of thecontrol mixture when prepared and tested in accordance with8.7 (Note 2).4.7.2 The pigment, when adde
22、d to a concrete mixture at themaximum prescribed dosage rate, shall neither accelerate theinitial or final set by more than 1 h nor retard the initial or finalset by more than 112 h, as compared to the uncolored concretecontrol mixture when tested in accordance with 8.7 (Note 2).4.7.3 Using the same
23、 quantity of air-entraining admixture,the pigments, when added to a concrete mixture at themaximum prescribed dosage rate, shall not change the aircontent by more than 1.0 %, as compared to the uncoloredcontrol mixture when tested in accordance with 8.7.NOTE 2These values include allowance for norma
24、l variations in testresults. The object of the 90 % compressive-strength requirement is torequire a level of performance of the pigmented concrete comparable tothat of the reference concrete when tested in accordance with 8.7.4.8 Color Match of ShipmentThe color produced by theshipment of pigment sh
25、all not be significantly different (Note1) from the color produced by the standard supplied by thepigment manufacturer when samples of both the shipment andthe standard are tested in accordance with 8.8. New concretespecimens containing the standard sample of the particularpigment must be prepared w
26、henever a new shipment isevaluated. This is necessary to eliminate color variationscaused by any of the other mortar ingredients, specimenpreparation, or curing.5. Rejection5.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that doesnot conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejectionsha
27、ll be reported to the producer or supplier in writing.5.2 Individual packages or containers varying more than5 % from the stated mass may be rejected. If the averageweight of 50 packages taken at random is less than that stated,the entire shipment may be rejected.6. Packaging6.1 Packages or containe
28、rs shall be clearly marked as tocolor designation and the net mass.6.2 The package or container for the pigment, only when sodesignated by the manufacturer, shall be added to the concretebatch, provided that it is composed of disintegrating paper orsoluble material which, when tested as a unit (pigm
29、ent andpackaging), conforms to all requirements of this specification.7. Materials for Tests7.1 CementFor the atmospheric curing stability and thelight resistance tests, using white cement is suggested. Thecement used in all other tests shall be either a Type I or TypeII cement conforming to Specifi
30、cation C150 or the cementproposed for specific work.7.2 AggregatesThe aggregates used in all tests shallconform to Specification C33 or shall be the aggregatesproposed for specific work. For the atmospheric curing stabil-ity and the light resistance tests, clean silica sand shall be used.For both th
31、e reference and the pigmented mixtures, theaggregate grading shall be controlled by determining the massof separate fractions.7.3 AdmixturesIf any of the test mixtures contain anyadmixtures in addition to pigment other than an air-entrainingadmixture complying with Specification C260, the pigmentsha
32、ll be considered to comply with this specification only whenused in conjunction with such other admixture(s).8. Test Methods8.1 Water WettabilityAdd 10.0 g of the pigment to 150mL of deionized water in a 250-mL beaker. If the pigment doesnot readily mix with the water when stirred with a spatula, bu
33、tinstead a substantial portion of the pigment floats on thesurface of the water, the pigment is repellent and not waterwettable.8.2 Alkali ResistanceAdd two 10.0 g-portions of thepigment to separate 250-mL beakers, each containing 150 mLof deionized water. Stir until thoroughly mixed. Add 10 mL of10
34、 mass % sodium hydroxide solution to one beaker, and stirthoroughly once more. Let the slurries stand 1 h, then remixand filter on separate Buchner funnels. Wash the filter cakewith three replacement washes of hot deionized water. Dry thecake on the filter paper in an oven at 110 6 3 C 230 6 5 FC979
35、/C979M 102for 4 6 0.5 h. Remove from the oven, cool, and crush thepigment into a fine powder in a mortar. Make two smalladjacent piles of the pigment powders and press them flat witha spatula. Compare the color of the control and treated pigmentpowders.8.3 Percentage of SO3Perform the sulfates solub
36、le inhydrochloric acid test and determine the percentage in accor-dance with Test Methods D50.8.4 Water SolubilityPerform the matter soluble in watertest in accordance with Test Methods D1208.8.5 Atmospheric Curing StabilityThe composition andmethod of preparation of the test specimens shall be inac
37、cordance with Annex A1. Pigments shall be tested at both12% and 6 % levels (based on the cement mass). Two sets ofspecimens (designated as control specimens and test speci-mens) shall be prepared at the same time under identicalconditions except for curing. Each set shall consist of twopigmented mor
38、tar specimens, one at each of the two levels ofpigmentation, and one unpigmented specimen. If, for a par-ticular pigment being tested, the specimens that contain thepigment at a dosage rate of12 % of the cement mass do notprovide a significant difference (Note 1) in color when com-pared to the corre
39、sponding unpigmented specimen, the pig-ment dosage rate shall be increased until but not beyond therate at which the difference in color becomes significant. Inaddition, tests using the higher dosage rate of 6 % of thecement mass shall continue to be performed as specified.Compare for color the spec
40、imens that were cured underdifferent conditions. For evaluating the color stability of thepigment tested, also compare the uncolored mortar specimensfor color variations. Differences in the curing conditions orefflorescence, or both, can affect the color shade of any finishedmortar or concrete, eith
41、er colored or uncolored.8.6 Light ResistanceThe test shall be conducted in a TypeE or EH exposure apparatus as described in Practice G23. TypeEH apparatus shall be operated without automatic humiditycontrol. The exposure apparatus shall be operated in accor-dance with Practice G23, except that no wa
42、ter spray or darkcycles shall be employed. The black panel temperature shall be546 3 C 130 6 5 F. The composition and method ofpreparation of the test specimens shall be in accordance withAnnex I. Pigments shall be tested at both12 %(8.5) and 6 %levels (based on the cement mass). Half of each specim
43、en shallbe masked from light exposure by an aluminum foil covering.The other half of each specimen shall be exposed to light for500 h after which time its color shall be compared to theunexposed half (4.6).8.7 Effects on Concrete:8.7.1 Preparation of MixturesPrepare concrete mixturesboth with and wi
44、thout the pigment under test. Refer herein tothe concrete mixture without the pigment as the reference orcontrol mixture. The control mixture and the pigmentedmixture shall be of the same composition and batched in thesame proportions except that the pigmented mixture shallinclude the pigment additi
45、on at the maximum prescribeddosage rate (1.4), and the water content of each mixture shallbe adjusted to produce a slump of 100 6 13 mm 4 612 in.,as determined by Test Method C143/C143M. Add the pigmentto the first increment of coarse aggregate and water. Themixture shall be proportioned using ACI P
46、ractice 211.1. Thecement content shall be either the cement content for specificwork or 307 6 3 kg/m3517 6 5 lb/yd3. If an air-entrainingadmixture complying with Specification C260 is used, itsdosage rate shall be the same for both the pigmented and thecontrol mixtures.8.7.2 Making and CuringSpecime
47、ns made from concretewith and without the pigment under test shall be molded andcured in accordance with Method C192/C192M. Three or morecompression specimens shall be prepared for each mixture.8.7.3 Time of SettingTest Method C403/C403M shall beused. The temperature of each of the ingredients of th
48、e concretemixtures, just prior to mixing, and the temperature at which thetime of setting specimens are stored during the test period shallbe 23.06 2C736 3 F.8.7.4 Air ContentTest Methods C173/C173M or C231shall be used.8.7.5 Compressive StrengthTest Method C39/C39M shallbe used. Specimens shall be
49、tested at 28 days and optionallyalso at 7 days. The 28-day compressive strength of the concretecontaining the pigment under test shall be calculated as apercentage of the 28-day compressive strength of the referenceconcrete as follows: The average 28-day compressive strengthof the specimens made from the concrete containing thepigment under test shall be divided by the average 28-daycompressive strength of the specimens made from the refer-ence concrete at the same age, and the quotient shall bemultiplied by 100.8.8 Color Match of Shipmen
