1、Designation: C979/C979M 10C979/C979M 16Standard Specification forPigments for Integrally Colored Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C979/C979M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the basic requirement for colored and white pigments in powder form to be used as admixturesi
3、n concrete for the purpose of producing integrally colored concrete. Where the pigments are a constituent of a multicomponentadmixture, this specification applies to the pigment constituent of the admixture. This specification is not intended to establishcompatibility of pigments with any other conc
4、rete admixtures unless they are tested in combination in accordance with 4.7.1.2 This specification does not include the determination of pigment stability when elevated temperature using low-pressure(atmospheric) or high-pressure (autoclave) steam is used to accelerate the curing process.1.3 In add
5、ition to tests defining the pigments themselves, a limited number of tests on concrete are included to define the effectson setting times, air content, and compressive strength. If more extensive information is required for a particular job, additionaltesting criteria and procedures should be agreed
6、 upon between the seller and user.1.4 The maximum prescribed dosage rate of a pigment, established in accordance with 4.7, shall be equal to or less than 10mass % of cement. When a combination of pigments is used to produce the desired color and color intensity, the total dosage rateof all pigments
7、combined shall not exceed any of the individual maximum dosage rates of the component pigments.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used in
8、dependently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because inch-pound equivalentsare not used in practice.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M T
9、est Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concr
10、ete by the Volumetric MethodC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC231C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC260C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC403/C403M Test Method for
11、Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceD50 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Orange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and ManganeseD1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain PigmentsD1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemG23 Practi
12、ce for Operating Light-ExposureApparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure of NonmetallicMaterials (Withdrawn 2000)31 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.23 onCh
13、emical Admixtures.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2016. Published January 2011March 2016. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 asC979 05.C979/C979M 10. DOI: 10.1520/C0979_C0979M-10.10.1520/C0979_C0979M16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM we
14、bsite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an
15、 ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. I
16、n all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ACI Standards:4211.1211.1-91 (Reapproved 2009) RecommendedStandard
17、Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal Normal, Heavyweight,and HeavyweightMass Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Defintions:3.2 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C125.4. General Requirements4.1 Water WettabilityThe pigment shall be water wettable when tested in
18、 accordance with 8.1.4.2 Alkali ResistanceThe pigment treated with sodium hydroxide shall not show any significant (Note 1) change of color whentested in accordance with 8.2.4.3 Total SulfatesCalculated as SO3, the sulfates shall not exceed 5.0 mass % of the original pigment sample when tested inacc
19、ordance with 8.3.4.4 Water SolubilityThe total matter soluble in water shall not exceed 2.0 mass % of the original pigment sample when testedin accordance with 8.4.4.5 Atmospheric Curing StabilityThe magnitude of color differences between pigmented concrete specimens cured in dry airand those cured
20、at high relative humidity when tested in accordance with 8.5 shall not be greater than the magnitude of the colordifference between two unpigmented specimens cured under the same conditions.4.6 Light ResistanceThe exposed portions of the specimens shall show no significant differences (Note 1) in co
21、lor from theunexposed portions when tested in accordance with 8.6. While a pigment that fails this test shall not be considered light resistant,a pigment that passes this test may still be subject to fading when exposed to natural weathering conditions.NOTE 1Asignificant difference is defined as one
22、 that is readily perceptible by visual observation without close examination. The section on Lightingand viewing conditions as described Viewing Conditions in Practice D1535, 6.1, may be used.4.7 Effects on Concrete:4.7.1 When compared with the control mixture, the concrete that is pigmented at the
23、maximum prescribed dosage rate shall havea 28-day compressive strength of not less than 90 % and a water-cement ratio of not greater than 110 % of that of the controlmixture when prepared and tested in accordance with 8.7 (Note 2).4.7.2 The pigment, when added to a concrete mixture at the maximum pr
24、escribed dosage rate, shall neither accelerate the initialor final set by more than 1 h nor retard the initial or final set by more than 112 h, as compared to the uncolored concrete controlmixture when tested in accordance with 8.7 (Note 2).4.7.3 Using the same quantity of air-entraining admixture,
25、the pigments, when added to a concrete mixture at the maximumprescribed dosage rate, shall not change the air content by more than 1.0 %, as compared to the uncolored control mixture whentested in accordance with 8.7.NOTE 2These values include allowance for normal variations in test results. The obj
26、ect of the 90 % compressive-strength requirement is to requirea level of performance of the pigmented concrete comparable to that of the reference concrete when tested in accordance with 8.7.4.8 Color Match of ShipmentThe color produced by the shipment of pigment shall not be significantly different
27、 (Note 1) fromthe color produced by the standard supplied by the pigment manufacturer when samples of both the shipment and the standard aretested in accordance with 8.8. New concrete specimens containing the standard sample of the particular pigment must be preparedwhenever a new shipment is evalua
28、ted. This is necessary to eliminate color variations caused by any of the other mortaringredients, specimen preparation, or curing.5. Rejection5.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that does not conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection shallbe reported to the produce
29、r or supplier in writing.5.2 Individual packages or containers varying more than 5 % from the stated mass may be rejected. If the average weight of50 packages taken at random is less than that stated, the entire shipment may be rejected.6. Packaging6.1 Packages or containers shall be clearly marked
30、as to color designation and the net mass.6.2 The package or container for the pigment, only when so designated by the manufacturer, shall be added to the concretebatch, provided that it is composed of disintegrating paper or soluble material which, when tested as a unit (pigment andpackaging), confo
31、rms to all requirements of this specification.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.C979/C979M 1627. Materials for Tests7.1 CementFor the atmospheric curing stability and the light resistance tests, using white ceme
32、nt is suggested. The cementused in all other tests shall be either a Type I or Type II cement conforming to Specification C150C150/C150M or the cementproposed for specific work.7.2 AggregatesThe aggregates used in all tests shall conform to Specification C33C33/C33M or shall be the aggregatespropose
33、d for specific work. For the atmospheric curing stability and the light resistance tests, clean silica sand shall be used. Forboth the reference and the pigmented mixtures, the aggregate grading shall be controlled by determining the mass of separatefractions.7.3 AdmixturesIf any of the test mixture
34、s contain any admixtures in addition to pigment other than an air-entraining admixturecomplying with Specification C260C260/C260M, the pigment shall be considered to comply with this specification only when usedin conjunction with such other admixture(s).8. Test Methods8.1 Water WettabilityAdd 10.0
35、g of the pigment to 150 mL of deionized water in a 250-mL beaker. If the pigment does notreadily mix with the water when stirred with a spatula, but instead a substantial portion of the pigment floats on the surface of thewater, the pigment is repellent and not water wettable.8.2 Alkali ResistanceAd
36、d two 10.0 g-portions of the pigment to separate 250-mL beakers, each containing 150 mL ofdeionized water. Stir until thoroughly mixed. Add 10 mL of 10 mass % sodium hydroxide solution to one beaker, and stirthoroughly once more. Let the slurries stand 1 h, then remix and filter on separate Buchner
37、funnels. Wash the filter cake with threereplacement washes of hot deionized water. Dry the cake on the filter paper in an oven at 110 6 3 C 230 6 5 F for 4 6 0.5h. Remove from the oven, cool, and crush the pigment into a fine powder in a mortar. Make two small adjacent piles of the pigmentpowders an
38、d press them flat with a spatula. Compare the color of the control and treated pigment powders.8.3 Percentage of SO3Perform the sulfates soluble in hydrochloric acid test and determine the percentage in accordance withTest Methods D50.8.4 Water SolubilityPerform the matter soluble in water test in a
39、ccordance with Test Methods D1208.8.5 Atmospheric Curing StabilityThe composition and method of preparation of the test specimens shall be in accordance withAnnex A1. Pigments shall be tested at both 12 % and 6 % levels (based on the cement mass). Two sets of specimens (designatedas control specimen
40、s and test specimens) shall be prepared at the same time under identical conditions except for curing. Each setshall consist of two pigmented mortar specimens, one at each of the two levels of pigmentation, and one unpigmented specimen.If, for a particular pigment being tested, the specimens that co
41、ntain the pigment at a dosage rate of 12 % of the cement mass donot provide a significant difference (Note 1) in color when compared to the corresponding unpigmented specimen, the pigmentdosage rate shall be increased until but not beyond the rate at which the difference in color becomes significant
42、. In addition, testsusing the higher dosage rate of 6 % of the cement mass shall continue to be performed as specified. Compare for color thespecimens that were cured under different conditions. For evaluating the color stability of the pigment tested, also compare theuncolored mortar specimens for
43、color variations. Differences in the curing conditions or efflorescence, or both, can affect the colorshade of any finished mortar or concrete, either colored or uncolored.8.6 Light ResistanceThe test shall be conducted in a Type E or EH exposure apparatus as described in Practice G23. Type EHappara
44、tus shall be operated without automatic humidity control. The exposure apparatus shall be operated in accordance withPractice G23, except that no water spray or dark cycles shall be employed. The black panel temperature shall be 546 3 C 1306 5 F. The composition and method of preparation of the test
45、 specimens shall be in accordance with Annex I. Pigments shallbe tested at both 12 % (8.5) and 6 % levels (based on the cement mass). Half of each specimen shall be masked from light exposureby an aluminum foil covering. The other half of each specimen shall be exposed to light for 500 h after which
46、 time its color shallbe compared to the unexposed half (4.6).8.7 Effects on Concrete:8.7.1 Preparation of MixturesPrepare concrete mixtures both with and without the pigment under test. Refer herein to theconcrete mixture without the pigment as the reference or control mixture. The control mixture a
47、nd the pigmented mixture shallbe of the same composition and batched in the same proportions except that the pigmented mixture shall include the pigmentaddition at the maximum prescribed dosage rate (1.4), and the water content of each mixture shall be adjusted to produce a slumpof 100 6 13 mm 4 6 1
48、2 in., as determined by Test Method C143/C143M. Add the pigment to the first increment of coarseaggregate and water.The mixture shall be proportioned usingACI Practice 211.1. Practice 211.1 (Note 4).The cement content shallbe either the cement content for specific work or 307 6 3 kg/m3 517 6 5 lb/yd
49、3. If an air-entraining admixture complying withSpecification C260C260/C260M is used, its dosage rate shall be the same for both the pigmented and the control mixtures.8.7.2 Making and CuringSpecimens made from concrete with and without the pigment under test shall be molded and curedin accordance with Method C192/C192M. Three or more compression specimens shall be prepared for each mixture.C979/C979M 1638.7.3 Time of SettingTest Method C403/C403M shall be used. The temperature of each of the ingredients of the concretemixtures, just pri
