1、Designation: C980 13aC980 17Standard Specification forIndustrial Chimney Lining Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C980; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers solid kiln fired brick made from clay, shale, or mixtures thereof suitable for use in masonryconstruction in contact w
3、ith the chemicals present in flue gases found in industrial chimneys. These brick are normally used withchemical-resistant mortars.1.2 Terminology related to industrial floor brick is found in Terminology C1232.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values
4、 given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to esta
5、blish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development o
6、f International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractor
7、yBrick and Shapes by Boiling WaterC67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC1232E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to industrial chimney lining brick, refer to Terminology C1232.4. Clas
8、sification4.1 The physical and chemical properties of chimney lining brick differ from supplier to supplier mainly because theircomposition is determined by the source of raw materials. Chimney lining brick, regardless of these differences, are consideredto be of three types noted as follows:4.1.1 T
9、ype IFor use where low absorption and high acid resistance are not major factors.4.1.2 Type IIFor use where lower absorption and higher acid resistance are required.4.1.3 Type IIIFor use where lowest absorption and highest acid resistance are required.NOTE 1Types I, II, and III may not differ signif
10、icantly in their resistance to thermal shock, and selection of brick type should be based upon theirabsorption and acid-resistant service requirements.5. Sulfuric Acid Boil Test5.1 When tested in accordance with Section 9, the brick shall conform to the requirements for “MaximumAverage Weight Lossby
11、 H2SO4 Boil Test” as shown in Table 1.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brickand Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2013June 1, 2017. Published January 2014
12、July 2017. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asC980 13.C980 13a. DOI: 10.1520/C0980-13A.10.1520/C0980-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume
13、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequate
14、ly depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Inte
15、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Physical Properties6.1 Compressive StrengthWhen tested in accordance with Test Methods C67, Section 6 (Compressive Strength), the brickshall conform to the requirements for “Minimum Compressive Strength
16、” as shown in Table 1.6.2 Water AbsorptionWhen tested in accordance with Test Methods C20, the brick shall conform to the requirements for“Maximum Water Absorption by 2-h Boiling” as shown in Table 1.7. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations7.1 SizesThe sizes of brick shall be as specified by
17、the purchaser. When tested in accordance with Test Methods C67, Section11 (Measurement of Size), the brick shall conform to the requirements for “Permissible Variations in Dimensions” as shown inTable 2.7.2 WarpageWhen tested in accordance with Test Methods C67, Section 12 (Measurement of Warpage),
18、the tolerance onwarpage of the brick shall be as indicated in Table 2.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 Black HeartBrick when broken may have a dark area that has a steely appearance and is sharply delineated from thesurrounding normal color of the brick it is known as black heart or black core. Black hea
19、rt is generally the result of the reductionof iron minerals during the firing process. Its presence, regardless of size in brick that otherwise meet the physical and chemicalrequirements of this specification, shall not be cause for rejection.8.2 TextureScoring or matte texturing, or both, of the br
20、ick is recommended. However, no flutes or scores shall exceed 18 in.(3.0 mm) in height of protrusion or in depth.9. Test for Solubility in Sulfuric Acid9.1 Significance and UseThis test with sulphuric acid represents an extremely severe one and may not be significant forchemical-resistant brick in l
21、ess demanding applications. It can be assumed that sulphuric acid in this test concentration will be morecorrosive than most other acids excluding those containing flourine. A similar test procedure using other chemicals may be moresuitable for specific purposes. The performance of these other tests
22、 and appropriate qualifying data should be resolved betweenthe purchaser and the seller.9.2 Apparatus:9.2.1 Crusher, jaw-type.9.2.2 Sieves, 14-in. (6.3-mm) and No. 4 (4.75-mm), (equivalent to 3-mesh and 4-mesh sieves, respectively, in the Tyler series),conforming to Specification E11.9.2.3 Mechanica
23、l Shaking Device, producing a lateral and vertical motion of the sieve, accompanied by a jarring action so asto keep the sample moving continuously over the surface of the sieve.TABLE 1 Physical Properties and Chemical RequirementsADesignation Minimum Compressive Strength, Gross Area, psi (MPa)Maxim
24、um Water Absorption by 2-hBoiling, %Maximum AverageWeight Loss byH2SO4 Boil Test, %Average of 10 Individual Average of 10 IndividualType I 8 500 (58.6) 8 000 (55.2) 6.0 7.0 20Type II 10 000 (69.0) 9 000 (62.2) 4.0 5.0 12Type III 12 000 (82.8) 10 000 (69.0) 1.0 1.5 8A One complete set of tests for ea
25、ch of the above requirements shall be performed from brick randomly selected from every 100 000 bricks.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in Dimensions and WarpageADimensionsDimensionsMaximumPermissibleVariations inDimensionsBetween Largestand Smallest Brickin a RandomSampling of 10Brick, %WarpageMaximu
26、m Face andDiagonal Dimensions,in. (mm)MaximumPermissibleDeviation,In. (mm)HeightLengthWidth355up to 9 12 (241) incl.18 (3.0).AOne complete set of tests for each of the above requirements shall be performedfrom brick randomly selected from every 100 000 bricks.C980 1729.2.4 Drying Oven.9.2.5 Analytic
27、al Balance and Weights, 0.01-g sensitivity.9.2.6 Desiccator.9.2.7 Erlenmeyer Flask, 750-mL, of heat-resistant and chemically resistant glass.9.2.8 Water-Cooled Condenser.9.2.9 Hot Plate.9.2.10 Fritted-Glass Funnel, fine porosity.9.2.11 Suction Pump.9.3 Preparation of SamplePrepare the sample from at
28、 least five masonry units selected in accordance with Test Methods C67.Remove the skin surface from a quarter of each unit selected, and crush the remaining pieces in a jaw-type crusher, with the jawsset so that the grain size of the product ranges from material retained on a 14-in. (6.3-mm) sieve t
29、o material passing a No. 4(4.75-mm) sieve. Reduce this material either by mixing and quartering or by a mechanical splitter to approximately a 1000-gsample, and screen in a mechanical shaking device for 15 min, using the No. 3 and No. 4 sieves. Thoroughly mix the portion ofthe material passing the N
30、o. 3 sieve and remaining on the No. 4 sieves (Note 2), and then quarter down to obtain two 50-g samples.Dry these samples in a drying oven at 240F (120C) 221 to 239F (105 to 115C) for at least 16 h, and then cool in a desiccator.NOTE 2Although it is recognized that some types of material tend to bre
31、ak down in a manner yielding various-shaped particles, no attempt shall bemade at hand selection.9.4 ProcedureTransfer each of the 50-g samples, weighed to the nearest 0.01 g, and 250 mL of sulfuric acid (sp gr 1.706) or60 Baum (78 weight %) into separate 750-mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Insert water-coole
32、d condensers and boil on hot plates for 48h (Note 3). Cool the flasks and contents sufficiently to permit handling, and decant the solutions through fritted-glass funnels withthe aid of suction, retaining the samples in the flasks. Add about 250 mL of water to the flasks, boil for 10 min, and decant
33、 withthe aid of suction through the same funnels as used previously. Repeat this washing procedure three times. On the fourthdecantation of wash water, transfer the samples to the funnels, using hot water to aid in the transfer. Dry the funnels and contentsin the oven at 240F (120C) 221 to 239F (105
34、 to 115C) for at least 16 h, and cool in a desiccator. Remove material from thefunnels, brushing out the fines if necessary, and weigh to the nearest 0.01 g.NOTE 3Regulate the temperature of the hot plate so as to maintain a gentle boiling solution, avoiding any considerable agitation of the sample.
35、 Theuse of a variable transformer in series with the hot plate is suggested.9.5 Calculations and ReportCalculate the loss in weight as a percentage of the original weight. Make duplicatedeterminations, and report an average of the two results to the nearest 0.1 %.9.6 Precision and BiasA statement on
36、 precision and bias will be added at a later date.10. Sampling and Testing10.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordance with applicable sections in Test Methods C67 and Sections 5 and 8.10.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimens for test. The place or places of selection
37、shall be designated whenthe purchase order is placed.11. Keywords11.1 absorption; acid resistance; acid solubility; ceramic; industrial chimney; masonry; physical properties; solid brickSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last is
38、sue (C980 13)13a) that may impact the use of this standard. (December 15, 2013)(June 1, 2017)(1) Select sections within the standardChanged drying temperature ranges in 9.3 were reorganized using the ASTM Form and9.4Style Standards manual as a guidelineCommittee C15 has identified the location of se
39、lected changes to this standard since the last issue (C980 10)that may impact the use of this standard. (June 1, 2013)(1) A new Section 3, Terminology, was added and subsequent sections renumbered.C980 173ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in c
40、onnection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the resp
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42、 consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,
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