1、Designation: C985M 13C985M 15Standard Specification forNonreinforced Concrete Specified Strength Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C985M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe designed for specified strengths a
3、nd intended to be used for theconveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction of culverts.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C985.NOTE 1This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirem
4、ents for bedding, backfill, or therelationship between field load conditions and the designated strength of the pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance ofthis product depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the i
5、nstallation conforms to the constructionspecifications. The owner of the concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the pipe strength specifiedand provide inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A82/A82MA615/A
6、615M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforce-ment (Withdrawn 2013)A185/A185MA1064/A1064M Specification for Steel Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, Plain andDeformed, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)A496/A496M Specification f
7、or Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 2013)3A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)3A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete Aggreg
8、atesC150 Specification for Portland CementC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for
9、Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and ShotcreteE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitio
10、ns of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe design shall be determined in accordance with Section 9. After the pipe design has beenaccepted, or if the pipe design has been accepted previously in accordance with Section 9, produc
11、tion pipe shall be accepted inaccordance with 4.2.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-ReinforcedConcrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2013April 15,
12、2015. Published September 2013May 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20102013as C985M 04C985M 13.(2010). DOI: 10.1520/C0985M-13.10.1520/C0985M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
13、 For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit ma
14、y not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
15、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Pipe Load and Material Tests and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for DefectsDetermine inaccordance with Sections 5, 6, 8, and 11.NOTE 2It is necessary that samples be selected at random. For guidanc
16、e, see Practice E105.4.3 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicated bythe specified tests.5. Design and Manufacturing Data5.1 The manufacturer shall provide the following information regarding the pipe unless waived by the owner:
17、5.1.1 Basis of acceptance and supporting data,5.1.2 Designated pipe strength,5.1.3 Physical CharacteristicsDiameter, wall thickness, laying length, and joint details,5.1.4 Admixtures,5.1.5 Manufacturing and curing process, and5.1.6 Handling Reinforcement:5.1.6.1 Type of reinforcement, applicable rei
18、nforcement specification, and grade.5.1.6.2 Placement, placement tolerance, diameter, spacing and cross-sectional area of circumferential, longitudinal, and specialreinforcement.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials:6.1.1 ConcreteThe concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggr
19、egates, and water.6.1.2 Cementitious Materials:6.1.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150, or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595, except that thepozzolan con
20、stituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.1.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.1.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars (GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to therequirements of Grade 100
21、 or 120 of Specification C989.6.1.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concreteshall be one of the following:(1) Portland cement only,(2) Portland blast furnace slag cement only,(3) Slag modified portland cement only,(4) Portland p
22、ozzolan cement only,(5) A combination of portland cement and fly ash, or(6) A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag.(7) A combination of Portland Cement, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitiousweight), and Fly Ash (not to e
23、xceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).6.1.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33, except that the requirement for gradationshall not apply.6.1.4 Admixtures and BlendsChemical admixtures and blends shall conform to Specification C494/C494M.6.1.5 Steel Rei
24、nforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A82/A82MA1064/A1064M or Specificationfor steel A496/A496M, or of wire fabric conforming to Specificationswire and welded wirereinforcement, A185/A185M or Specificationplain and deformed, A497/A497M, or of
25、bars of Grade 300 steelfor concrete. If billetsteel is used, it shall be used conforming to Specification A615/A615M.6.2 Manufacture:6.2.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with cementitious materials, water, andadmixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly-mixed co
26、ncrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the design andtest requirements of this specification.6.2.2 Handling ReinforcementCircumferential handling reinforcement shall be provided in all pipe larger than 900 mm indiameter.6.2.2.1 PlacementWhere one line of circular reinforcement
27、is used, it shall be placed between 30 and 50 % of the wallthickness from the inside surface. Where two lines of circular reinforcement are used, each line shall be so placed that theprotective covering over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the section shall be 25 mm.6.2.2.2 SplicesI
28、f the splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars,and 40 diameters for plain bars and cold-drawn wire. When splices are welded and are not lapped to the minimum requirementsabove, there shall be a minimum lap of 50 mm and pull tests of repre
29、sentative specimens shall develop at least 50 % of theminimum specified strength of the steel.C985M 1526.2.2.3 SpacingHandling reinforcements shall be individual hoops or shall be formed into a cage or cages. It shall bedistributed along the length of the pipe section, or one half of the minimum rei
30、nforcement shall be allowed to be placed in eachof the extreme quarters of the length of a 2.4-m or less pipe section, or one third of the minimum reinforcement shall be allowedto be placed in each third of the length of a longer than 2.4-m pipe section. Additionally, at least 75 % of the minimum ar
31、ea shallbe located not less than one fifteenth of the length of the pipe section from any portion of the joint.6.2.2.4 AreaThe minimum area of circumferential handling reinforcement shall be equal to 0.06 (D + t)2 in square mm perm of pipe, where “D” equals the designated diameter in mm and “t” equa
32、ls the wall thickness in mm.6.2.2.5 Special DesignsThe manufacturer shall be allowed to submit special designs to the owner for approval.Approval shallbe based on structural calculations or on load tests. The minimum ultimate three-edge bearing load shall be equal to the weightof the pipe and shall
33、be sustained by the pipe after cracking at the top, bottom and sides the full length of the pipe. The pipe shallalso meet the strength requirements of Section 7 and Section 10 or 11, or both.6.2.3 JointsThe joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when
34、 the sections arelaid together they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free from appreciable irregularities in the flowline,all compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 8.6.2.4 Lift HolesWhen agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes shall be allowed to
35、be provided in each pipe for the purposeof handling.6.3 Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option,in concrete pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only Type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured speci
36、ficallyfor use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.7. Physical Properties7.1 Pipe StrengthPipe strength may be either a designated strength or a cracking strength. The designated strength is thatspecified as the minimum load required to produce the
37、 cracking strength when tested in three-edge bearing in accordance with TestMethods C497M. The cracking strength is the actual maximum load observed in the three-edge bearing test, and shall be assumedto have been reached when any continuous visible crack caused by the test load exceeds 300 mm in le
38、ngth measured parallel tothe longitudinal axis of the pipe.NOTE 3For pipe made without handling steel, the designated strength is the minimum load required to produce the ordinary nonreinforced pipe loadat ultimate failure. For safety reasons, do not look for a visible crack during a three-edge bear
39、ing test of pipe without reinforcing.7.2 Test Equipment and FacilitiesThe manufacturer shall furnish, without charge, all samples, facilities, and personnelnecessary to carry out the tests required by this specification.7.3 Test MethodsThe tests for crushing strength shall be made in accordance with
40、 Test Methods C497M. When alternativemethods of load testing are specified, tests shall be made in accordance with the alternative requirements.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 Standard DiametersPipe shall be manufactured in the standard designated internal diameters listed in Table 1.NOT
41、E 4Diameters other than those shown in Table 1 may be available. When such sizes are required, the owner shall contact the manufacturers inthe project area.8.2 Design TolerancesExcept as specified in this section, all permissible design tolerances shall be provided underrequirements in Section 5.8.2
42、.1 Diameter TolerancesThe internal diameter shall not vary from the designated diameter by more than 65 mm for pipe300 mm in diameter; by more than66 mm for pipe 375 or 450 mm in diameter; by more than68 mm for pipe 525 mm in diameter;by more than 610 mm for pipe 600 to 900 mm in diameter; and by mo
43、re than 61 % for pipe larger than 900 mm in diameter.8.2.2 Handling Reinforcement Placement TolerancesThe maximum variation in the nominal position of the reinforcementshall be 6 10 % of the wall thickness or 616 mm, whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the position of the reinforcementex
44、ceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the three-edge bearing strength requirements are met by a representativesample. In no case, however, shall the cover over the circumferential reinforcement be less than 13 mm.TABLE 1 Standard Designated Internal Diameters, mm100 600 900150 675 10502
45、00 750 1200250 825 1350300 1500375450525C985M 1538.2.3 Laying Length TolerancesThe length of any section of pipe shall not vary more than 13 mm from a specified ordesignated design length. The length of two opposite sides of any section of pipe shall not vary more than 6 mm or 2 % of thedesignated d
46、iameter, whichever is larger.8.2.4 Wall Thickness TolerancesThe wall thickness shall not be less than the thickness specified under 5.1.3 by more than 5 %or 3 mm for pipe 300 to 600 mm in diameter, whichever is greater; and by more than 5 % or 5 mm for pipe larger than 600 mmin diameter, whichever i
47、s greater. Localized variations in wall thickness exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if thephysical test requirements specified herein are met. A wall thickness greater than that required by the design is not a cause forrejection, except that such pipe shall not be used for tests requ
48、ired in Section 4.8.2.5 Straightness TolerancesPipe intended to be straight shall not vary in alignment more than 10 mm/m of length.9. Acceptance of Design9.1 Acceptance by Tests of SpecimensThree to five representative specimens, or special test pipe that are shorter than standardproduction pipe, a
49、s agreed upon by the owner and manufacturer, shall be tested to cracking strength and the results recorded.Compute the values in 9.1.1 and 9.1.2 for the cracking strength.9.1.1 Compute the estimated standard deviation, s, by Eq 1 or Eq 2, that yield identical values, as follows:s 5=(Xi 2X! 2#/n 21! (1)s 5=(X i22(Xi! 2/n#/n 21! (2)where:Xi = observed value of the load to develop the cracking strength,X = average (arithmetic mean) of the values of Xi,Xs = computed minimum allowable arithmetic mean,n = number of observed values.9.1.2
