1、Designation: C 990 09Standard Specification forJoints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast BoxSections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 990; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers joints for precast concrete pipeand box, and other sectio
3、ns using preformed flexible jointsealants for use in storm sewers and culverts which are notintended to operate under internal pressure, or are not subjectto infiltration or exfiltration limits. Joint material used inhorizontal applications is intended to prevent the flow of solidsthrough the joint.
4、1.2 For precast concrete manhole sections and other verticalstructures, which are subject to internal or external pressure,infiltration or exfiltration limits are not prohibited from beingspecified. Joints in vertical structures covered by this specifi-cation are intended mainly to prevent the flow
5、of solids orfluids through the joint.1.3 This specification is to be used with pipe and structuresconforming in all respects to Specifications C14, C76, C 478,C 506, C 507, C 655, C 985, C 1433, C 1504, and C 1577,provided that if there is a conflict in permissible variations indimensions, the requi
6、rements of this specification shall govern.1.4 This specification is the inch-pound companion toC 990M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in thespecification.NOTE 1This specification covers the material and performance of thejoint and sealant only. Infiltration and exfiltration quantities f
7、or installedsections are dependent on factors other than the joints which must becovered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installedpipeline.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user
8、 of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer,Storm Drain, and Culvert PipeC76 Specification for Reinforced
9、Concrete Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer PipeC 478 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-hole SectionsC 506 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Arch Culvert,Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC 507 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Cul-vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC 655 Speci
10、fication for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Cul-vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 972 Test Method for Compression-Recovery of TapeSealantC 985 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete SpecifiedStrength Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC
11、1433 Specification for Precast Reinforced ConcreteMonolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, andSewersC 1504 Specification for Manufacture of Precast ReinforcedConcrete Three-Sided Structures for Culverts and StormDrainsC 1577 Specification for Precast Reinforced ConcreteMonolithic Box Sect
12、ions for Culverts, Storm Drains, andSewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFDD4 Test Method for Bitumen ContentD6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and AsphalticCompoundsD36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
13、Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints forPrecast Concrete Structures.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 990 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, vi
14、sit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
15、2959, United States.D71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch andAsphalt (Displacement Method)D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous MaterialsD 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD 297 Test Me
16、thods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnalysis2.2 AASHTO Standards:3T47 Test for Loss of Heating of Oil and Asphaltic Com-poundsT48 Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open CupT51 Test for Ductility of Bituminous MaterialT111 Test for Inorganic Matter or AshT229 Test for Specific Gravity of Aspha
17、lts and Tar PitchesSufficiently Solid to be Handled in Fragments3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joint and sealant shall bedetermined by the results of the physical tests pr
18、escribed in thisspecification, if and when required, and by inspection todetermine whether the pipe joint and the sealant conform tothis specification as to design and freedom from defects.5. Materials and Manufacture for Sealants5.1 Bitumen sealants shall be produced from asphalts,hydrocarbon resin
19、s and plasticizing compounds reinforcedwith inert mineral filler and shall contain no solvents. Butylrubber sealants shall be produced from blends of butyl rubberand refined hydrocarbon resins and plasticizing compoundsreinforced with inert mineral filler and shall contain nosolvents.5.2 Blends of m
20、aterial used in the manufacture of flexiblejoint sealants shall be approved by the owner and meet thecomposition and physical requirements prescribed in Section 6.The joint sealant shall not depend on oxidizing, evaporating, orchemical action for its adhesive or cohesive strength and shallbe supplie
21、d preformed and of suitable cross section and size toseal the joint annular space when the sections are joined. For agiven joint size, the sealing material, as furnished, shall be suchso as to encircle the outside circumference of the spigot ortongue of the joint or the inside circumference of the b
22、ell orgroove and shall not be stretched when seated in the joint.Sealant material shall be furnished in the required length andcross-dimensions, and the dimensions shall be clearly marked.Sealant material shall be preformed to the following specifiedtolerances:ToleranceLength, % + 5, 0Cross sectiona
23、l area, % + 10, 5Volume, in.3/linear ft, % + 5, 5Cross-sectional dimensions, in., % + 10, 5AADimensions in the field may vary from preformed dimensions.6. Physical Requirements for Sealants6.1 Bitumen Sealants:6.1.1 Bitumen sealants shall comply with the followingcomposition and physical requirement
24、s. Testing shall be inaccordance with the methods prescribed in Section 9.Hydrocarbon Blends, % by weight 50 minAsh-Inert Mineral Matter, % by weight 25 minVolatile Matter, % by weight 3 maxSpecific Gravity at 77F 1.15 to 1.40Ductility at 77F, cm 5 minFlash Point, C.O.C. 350F minFire Point, C.O.C. 3
25、75F minSoftening Point 320F minCompression Index at 77F, lbf/in3100 maxCompression Index at 32F, lbf/in3350 maxCone Penetration at 77F, 150 g, 5 s, dmm 50 to 120Cone Penetration at 32F, 150 g, 5 s, dmm 15 minChemical Resistance No deterioration, no cracking,no swelling6.2 Butyl Rubber Sealant:6.2.1
26、Butyl rubber sealants (elastomeric polymer shall bebutyl rubber only) shall comply with the following composi-tion and physical requirements. Testing shall be in accordancewith the methods prescribed in Section 9.Butyl Rubber (hydrocarbon blends), % by weight 50 minAsh-Inert Mineral Matter, % by wei
27、ght 30 minVolatile Matter, % by weight 3 maxSpecific Gravity at 77F 1.15 to 1.40Ductility at 77F, cm 5.0 minFlash Point, C.O.C. 350F minFire Point, C.O.C. 375F minCompression Index at 77F, lbf/in.3100 maxat 32F, lbf/in.3200 maxCone Penetration at 77F, dmm 50 to 120at 32F, dmm 30 minChemical Resistan
28、ce No deterioration, nocracking, no swelling7. Design of Joints7.1 The pipe manufacturer shall furnish the owner with thedetailed design of the joint. The sealant manufacturer shallfurnish a complete list of joint sizes showing the minimum sizeof material to be used with each size joint, along with
29、completeinstructions on recommended installation procedures.7.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove onone end of the section and a spigot or tongue on the adjacentend of the joining section.7.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which thesealant will bear shall be free of s
30、palls, cracks or fractures, andimperfections that would adversely affect the function of thejoint.7.1.3 The joints of the sections shall be of such design thatthey will withstand the forces caused by the compression of thesealant when joined, without cracking or fracturing whentested, in accordance
31、with Section 10.7.1.4 For horizontal installations, the angle of taper on theconic surfaces of the inside of the bell or groove and the outersurface of the spigot or tongue where the sealant seats shall benot more than 10 measured from the pipe axis. Alternatetapers are permitted if proven adequate
32、by the plant testsspecified in Section 10 and approved by the owner.3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.C9900927.1.5 The annular space measured perpendicular t
33、o thesealant bearing surfaces of the assembled and centered jointshall not exceed12 in. at any point or the maximum specifiedby the sealant manufacturer, whichever is the lesser. The jointdesign shall provide for the deflection of a section by openingone side of the outside perimeter of the joint12
34、in. wider thanthe assembled position. Where greater deflections are requiredthan provided by the joint design, beveled joints or elbows areacceptable if approved by owner.7.1.6 The sealant shall be the sole element depended upon tomake the joint flexible and meet the test requirements set forthin Se
35、ction 10. The sealant is not prohibited from beingcomposed of one or more pieces and shall be applied as acontinuous ring in installation.7.2 Alternative Joint Designs:7.2.1 When agreed upon by the owner, manufacturers arenot prohibited from submitting to the owner, detailed designsfor joints other
36、than those described in 7.1.7.2.2 Design submissions shall include joint dimensions,tolerances, proposed plant tests, and such other information asrequired by the owner to evaluate the joint design for fieldperformance.7.2.3 Joints of alternative designs shall meet all test require-ments of this spe
37、cification unless waived by the owner.Alternative joint designs shall be acceptable provided thedesigns are approved by the owner prior to manufacture andprovided the test pipe joints comply with the tests as describedin Section 10.8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions8.1 The planes formed by the
38、ends of nonbeveled pipesections shall not vary from the perpendicular to the longitu-dinal axis by more than316 in. for internal horizontal spans of30 in. and smaller; or by more than14 in. for internal horizontalspans of 33 to 54 in. inclusive; or by more than38 in. forinternal horizontal spans of
39、60 in. and larger.9. Test Methods for Sealants9.1 The composition and physical properties of bitumen orbutyl sealants shall be determined in accordance with thefollowing test methods:9.1.1 Bitumen (hydrocarbon blends)Test Method D4,and Butyl Rubber (hydrocarbon blends)Test Methods D 297.9.1.2 Ash-In
40、ert Mineral MatterAASHTO T111.9.1.3 Volatile MatterTest Method D6or AASHTO T47.9.1.4 Specific GravityTest Method D71 or AASHTOT229.9.1.5 DuctilityTest Method D113or AASHTO T51.9.1.6 Softening PointTest Method D36.9.1.7 PenetrationTest Method D 217.9.1.8 Flash Point and Fire PointTest Method D92. The
41、cup shall be heated by an electric heater or oven.9.1.9 Chemical ResistanceChemical resistance shall bedetermined by 30-day separate immersion in 5 % solutions atambient room temperature of HCl (hydrochloride acid), H2SO4(sulfuric acid), NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassiumhydroxide), H2S (satura
42、ted hydrogen sulfide solution).9.1.10 Compression-Recovery of Tape SealantTestMethod C 972.9.2 The sealant manufacturer shall, if required, furnishcertified copies of test reports specified under this specification.10. Performance Requirements for Joints10.1 The sections shall be tested hydrostatica
43、lly in verticalalignment and a sufficient number of sections shall be as-sembled in straight alignment to develop a pressure of at least10 psi for 10 minutes at the test joint. Alternate test methodsare acceptable as long as the designated internal hydrostaticpressure is achieved at the joint. No mo
44、rtar or concretecoatings, fillings or packing shall be placed prior to watertightness tests. There shall be no visible leakage. Moisture orbeads of water appearing on the joint will not be considered asleakage.10.2 The user of this specification is advised that thehydrostatic test is intended only f
45、or use as a quality control test,and not as a simulated service test. The 10 psi pressure criterionfor sections should not be considered an indication of thehydrostatic pressure capability of the joint and sealant underinstalled conditions. Field tests for completed portions ofconcrete pipe and stru
46、ctures are not covered by this specifica-tion, but shall be included in the specifications for installation.11. Storage11.1 The sealant shall be stored in as cool and as clean aplace as practicable, preferably at a temperature between 50 to70F.12. Inspection12.1 The quality of the materials and the
47、joint and sealantshall be subject to inspection and approval by the owner.13. Rejection13.1 Pipe joints and sealants shall be subject to rejectionupon failure to conform to any of the requirements of thisspecification.13.2 Sealants shall be subject to rejection whenever theyshow surface checking, we
48、athering, or other deterioration priorto installation in the work.13.3 Joints that are damaged because of carelessness orcontinuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu-facturing or damage during handling shall be subject torejection.14. Repairs14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing imperfe
49、ctions, or damageduring handling of a pipe or box or other section that willadversely affect the joint, are not prohibited from beingrepaired. The repairs will be acceptable if, in the opinion of theowner, the repairs are sound, properly finished and cured,provided the length of a single area to be repaired does notexceed 10 % of the total perimeter length, and the length ofseveral areas to be repaired does not exceed 20 % of the totalperimeter length. The finished repair shall conform to therequirements of 7.1.2.At the option of the own
