1、Designation: C 990M 09Standard Specification forJoints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast BoxSections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 990M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers joints for precast concrete pipeand box and ot
3、her sections using preformed flexible jointsealants for use in storm sewers and culverts which are notintended to operate under internal pressure, or are not subjectto infiltration or exfiltration limits. Joint material used inhorizontal applications is intended to prevent the flow of solidsthrough
4、the joint.1.2 Precast concrete manhole sections and other verticalstructures that are subject to internal or external pressure,infiltration, or exfiltration limits are not prohibited from beingspecified. Joints in vertical structures covered by this specifi-cation are intended mainly to prevent the
5、flow of solids orfluids through the joint.1.3 This specification is to be used with pipe and structuresconforming in all respects to Specifications C 14M, C 76M,C 478M, C 506M, C 507M, C 655M, C 985M, C 1433M,C 1504M, and C 1577, provided that if there is a conflict inpermissible variations in dimen
6、sions, the requirements of thisspecification shall govern.1.4 This specification is the metric companion of Specifica-tion C 990.NOTE 1This specification covers the material and performance of thejoint and sealant only. Infiltration and exfiltration quantities for installedsections are dependent on
7、factors other than the joints which must becovered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installedpipeline.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-p
8、riate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 14M Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer,Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe MetricC 76M Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert,Storm Drai
9、n, and Sewer Pipe MetricC 478M Specification for Precast Reinforced ConcreteManhole Sections (Metric)C 506M Specification for Reinforced Concrete Arch Cul-vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe MetricC 507M Specification for Reinforced Concrete EllipticalCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe MetricC 655M
10、Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-LoadCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 972 Test Method for Compression-Recovery of TapeSealantC 985M Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Speci-fied Strength Culvert, Storm Drain, a
11、nd Sewer Pipe Met-ricC 1433M Specification for Precast Reinforced ConcreteMonolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, andSewers (Metric)C 1504M Specification for Manufacture of Precast Rein-forced Concrete Three-Sided Structures for Culverts andStorm Drains (Metric)C 1577 Specification for P
12、recast Reinforced ConcreteMonolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, andSewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFDD4 Test Method for Bitumen ContentD6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and AsphalticCompoundsD36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)D71 Test
13、Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch andAsphalt (Displacement Method)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints forPrecast Concrete Structures.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Publi
14、shed June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 990M 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docume
15、nt Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous MaterialsD 217 Test Methods for Cone
16、 Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD 297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnalysis2.2 AASHTO Standards:3T47 Test for Loss of Heating of Oil and Asphaltic Com-poundsT48 Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open CupT51 Test for Ductility of Bituminous MaterialT111 Test for Inorganic Matter
17、 or AshT229 Test for Specific Gravity of Asphalts and Tar PitchesSufficiently Solid to be Handled in Fragments3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joint and sealant shall bedete
18、rmined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in thisspecification, if and when required, and by inspection todetermine whether the pipe joint and the sealant conform tothis specification as to design and freedom from defects.5. Materials and Manufacture for Sealants5.1 Bitumen sealants sha
19、ll be produced from asphalts,hydrocarbon resins and plasticizing compounds reinforcedwith inert mineral filler and shall contain no solvents. Butylrubber sealants shall be produced from blends of butyl rubberand refined hydrocarbon resins and plasticizing compoundsreinforced with inert mineral fille
20、r and shall contain nosolvents.5.2 Blends of material used in the manufacture of flexiblejoint sealants shall be approved by the owner and meet thecomposition and physical requirements prescribed in Section 6.The joint sealant shall not depend on oxidizing, evaporating, orchemical action for its adh
21、esive or cohesive strength and shallbe supplied preformed and of suitable cross section and size toseal the joint annular space when the sections are joined. For agiven joint size, the sealing material, as furnished, shall be suchso as to encircle the outside circumference of the spigot ortongue of
22、the joint or the inside circumference of the bell orgroove and shall not be stretched when seated in the joint.Sealant material shall be furnished in the required length andcross-sectional dimensions, and the dimensions shall be clearlymarked. Sealant material shall be preformed to the followingspec
23、ified tolerances:ToleranceLength, % +5, 0Cross sectional area, % +10, 5Volume, mm3/linear m, % +5, 5Cross-sectional dimensions, mm, % +10, 5AADimensions in the field may vary from preformed dimensions.6. Physical Requirements for Sealants6.1 Bitumen Sealants:6.1.1 Bitumen sealants shall comply with
24、the followingcomposition and physical requirements. Testing shall be inaccordance with the methods prescribed in Section 9.Hydrocarbon Blends, % by weight 50 minAsh-Inert Mineral Matter, % by weight 25 minVolatile matter, % by weight 3 maxSpecific gravity at 25C 1.15 to 1.40Ductility at 25C, cm 5 mi
25、nFlash Point, C.O.C. 177C minFire Point, C.O.C., 191C minSoftening Point, 160C minCompression Index at 25C, N/cm327 maxCompression Index at 0C, N/cm395 maxCone Penetration at 25C, 150g, 5s, dmm 50 to 120Cone Penetration at 0C, 150g, 5s, dmm 15 minChemical Resistance No deterioration, no cracking,no
26、swelling6.2 Butyl Rubber Sealant:6.2.1 Butyl rubber sealants (elastomeric polymer shall bebutyl rubber only) shall comply with the following composi-tion and physical requirements. Testing shall be in accordancewith the methods prescribed in Section 9.Butyl Rubber (hydrocarbon blends), % by mass 50
27、minAsh-Inert Mineral Matter, % by mass 30 minVolatile Matter, % by mass 3 maxSpecific Gravity at 25C 1.15 to 1.40Ductility at 25C, cm 5.0 minFlash Point, C.O.C. 177C minFire Point, C.O.C. 191C minCompression Index at 25C, N/cm327 maxCompression Index at 0C, N/cm354 maxCone Penetration at 25C, 150 g,
28、 5 s, dmm 50 to 120Cone Penetration at 0C, 150 g, 5 s, dmm 30 minChemical Resistance No deterioration, nocracking, no swelling7. Design of Joints7.1 The pipe manufacturer shall furnish the owner with thedetailed design of the joint. The sealant manufacturer shallfurnish a complete list of joint size
29、s showing the minimum sizeof material to be used with each size joint, along with completeinstructions on recommended installation procedures.7.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove onone end of the section and a spigot or tongue on the adjacentend of the joining section.7.1.2 All s
30、urfaces of the joint upon or against which thesealant will bear shall be free of spalls, cracks or fractures, andimperfections that would adversely affect the function of thejoint.7.1.3 The joints of the sections shall be of such design thatthey will withstand the forces caused by the compression of
31、 thesealant when joined, without cracking or fracturing whentested, in accordance with Section 10.7.1.4 For horizontal installations, the angle of taper on theconic surfaces of the inside of the bell or groove and the outersurface of the spigot or tongue where the sealant seats shall benot more than
32、 10 measured from the pipe axis. Alternate3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.C990M092tapers are permitted if proven adequate by the plant testsspecified in Se
33、ction 10 and approved by the owner.7.1.5 The annular space measured perpendicular to thesealant bearing surfaces of the assembled and centered jointshall not exceed 12 mm at any point or the maximum specifiedby the sealant manufacturer, whichever is the lesser. The jointdesign shall provide for the
34、deflection of a section by openingone side of the outside perimeter of the joint 12 mm wider thanthe assembled position. Where greater deflections are requiredthan provided by the joint design, beveled joints or elbows areacceptable if approved by owner.7.1.6 The sealant shall be the sole element de
35、pended upon tomake the joint flexible and meet the test requirements set forthin Section 10. The sealant is not prohibited from beingcomposed of one or more pieces and shall be applied as acontinuous ring in installation.7.2 Alternative Joint Designs:7.2.1 When agreed upon by the owner, manufacturer
36、s arenot prohibited from submitting to the owner, detailed designsfor joints other than those described in 7.1.7.2.2 Design submissions shall include joint dimensions,tolerances, proposed plant tests, and such other information asrequired by the owner to evaluate the joint design for fieldperformanc
37、e.7.2.3 Joints of alternative designs shall meet all test require-ments of this specification unless waived by the owner.Alternative joint designs shall be acceptable provided thedesigns are approved by the owner prior to manufacture andprovided the test pipe joints comply with the tests as describe
38、din Section 10.8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions8.1 The planes formed by the ends of nonbeveled pipesections shall not vary from the perpendicular to the longitu-dinal axis by more than 4.5 mm for internal horizontal spans of750 mm and smaller; or by more than 6 mm for internalhorizontal spans
39、 of 825 mm to 1350 mm inclusive; or by morethan 9 mm for internal horizontal spans of 1500 mm and larger.9. Test Methods for Sealants9.1 The composition and physical properties of bitumen orbutyl sealants shall be determined in accordance with thefollowing test methods:9.1.1 Bitumen (hydrocarbon ble
40、nds)Test Method D4,and Butyl Rubber (hydrocarbon blends)Test Methods D 297.9.1.2 Ash-Inert Mineral MatterAASHTO T111.9.1.3 Volatile Matter Test Method D6or AASHTO T47.9.1.4 Specific Gravity Test Method D71 or AASHTOT229.9.1.5 DuctilityTest Method D113or AASHTO T51.9.1.6 Softening Point Test Method D
41、36.9.1.7 Penetration Test Method D 217.9.1.8 Flash Point and Fire PointTest Method D92. Thecup shall be heated by an electric heater or oven.9.1.9 Chemical ResistanceChemical resistance shall bedetermined by 30-day separate immersion in 5 % solutions atambient room temperature of HCl (hydrochloride
42、acid),H2SO4(sulfuric acid), NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (po-tassium hydroxide), H2S (saturated hydrogen sulfide solution).9.1.10 Compression-Recovery of Tape SealantTestMethod C 972.9.2 The sealant manufacturer shall, if required, furnishcertified copies of test reports specified under this specifi
43、cation.10. Performance Requirements for Joints10.1 The sections shall be tested hydrostatically in verticalalignment and a sufficient number of sections shall be as-sembled in straight alignment to develop a pressure of at least70 kPa for 10 minutes at the test joint. Alternate test methodsare accep
44、table as long as the designated internal hydrostaticpressure is achieved at the joint. No mortar or concretecoatings, fillings or packing shall be placed prior to watertightness tests. There shall be no visible leakage. Moisture orbeads of water appearing on the joint will not be considered asleakag
45、e.10.2 The user of this specification is advised that hydrostatictest is intended only for use as a quality control test, and not asa simulated service test. The 70 kPa pressure criterion forsections should not be considered an indication of the hydro-static pressure capability of the joint and seal
46、ant under installedconditions. Field tests for completed portions of concrete pipeand structures are not covered by this specification, but shall beincluded in the specifications for installation.11. Storage11.1 The sealant shall be stored in as cool and as clean aplace as practicable, preferably at
47、 a temperature between 10Cand 21C.12. Inspection12.1 The quality of the materials and the joint and sealantshall be subject to inspection and approval by the owner.13. Rejection13.1 Pipe joints and sealants shall be subject to rejectionupon failure to conform to any of the requirements of thisspecif
48、ication.13.2 Sealants shall be subject to rejection whenever theyshow surface checking, weathering, or other deterioration priorto installation in the work.13.3 Joints that are damaged because of carelessness orcontinuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu-facturing or damage during
49、handling shall be subject torejection.14. Repairs14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing imperfections, or damageduring handling of a pipe or box or other section that willadversely affect the joint, are not prohibited from beingrepaired. The repairs will be acceptable if, in the opinion of theowner, the repairs are sound, properly finished and cured,provided the length of a single area to be repaired does notexceed 10 % of the total perimeter length, and the length ofseveral areas to be repaired does not exceed 20 % of the totalperimeter le
