1、Designation: D 1002 05Standard Test Method forApparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint AdhesivelyBonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
3、INTRODUCTIONThe accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions underwhich the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and thepurchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive.
4、In order toensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the manufacturerof the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of the followingvariables:(1) Procedure for preparation of surfaces prior to application of the adhe
5、sive, the cleaning anddrying of metal surfaces, and special surface treatments such as sanding that are not specificallylimited by the pertinent test method.(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive, including the rate of spread or thickness of fi
6、lm,number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces, and the conditions ofdrying where more than one coat is required.(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, relativehumidity, length of time, and whether open or closed assem
7、bly is to be used.(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time underpressure, method of applying pressure (pressure bag, press platens, etc.), heat-up rate, and thetemperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this temperatu
8、re is thatof the bondline or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including thelength of time, temperature, and relative humidity.Arange may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer
9、of the adhesive if it can be assumedby the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range, or any combination of suchvalues for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of theadhesive.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of
10、 the appar-ent shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when testedon a standard single-lap-joint specimen and under specifiedconditions of preparation and test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are considered to be thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1This te
11、st method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on MetalBonding Adhesives.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 1002 01.1Copy
12、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safet
13、y and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 109/A 109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon, (0.25Maximum Content Percent), Cold-RolledA 167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-ResistingChromium-Nickel
14、 Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripB 36/B 36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, andRolled BarB 152/B 152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,and Rolled BarB 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateB 265 Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip,Sheet
15、, and PlateD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 4896 Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test ResultsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This te
16、st method is primarily comparative. However, itdoes have application as a discriminator in determining varia-tions in adherend surface preparation parameters and adhesiveenvironmental durability. The test method has found applica-tions in controlling surface preparations, primer, and adhesivesystems
17、 for determining strength properties of tested systems.4.2 The misuse of strength values obtained from this testmethod as design-allowable stress values for structural jointscould lead to product failure, property damage, and humaninjury. The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtainedfrom a giv
18、en small single-lap specimen may differ from thatobtained from a joint made with different adherends or by adifferent bonding process. The normal variation of temperatureand moisture in the service environment causes the adherendsand the adhesive to swell or shrink. The adherends andadhesive are lik
19、ely to have different thermal and moisturecoefficients of expansion.4.3 Even in small specimens, short-term environmentalchanges may induce internal stresses or chemical changes inthe adhesive that permanently affect the apparent strength andother mechanical properties of the adhesive. The problem o
20、fpredicting joint behavior in a changing environment is evenmore difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a largerstructural joint than was used in the small specimen.4.4 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lapspecimen is not suitable for determining design-allowablestress
21、es for designing structural joints that differ in any mannerfrom the joints tested without thorough analysis and under-standing of the joint and adhesive behaviors.4.5 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and select-ing adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to fatigueand environmen
22、tal changes, but such comparisons must bemade with great caution since different adhesives may responddifferently in different joints. See Guide D 4896 for furtherdiscussion of the concepts relative to interpretation ofadhesive-bonded single-lap-joints.5. Apparatus5.1 The testing machine shall confo
23、rm to the requirementsof Practices E4. The testing machine shall be so selected thatthe breaking load of the specimens falls between 15 and 85percent of the full-scale capacity. The machine shall be capableof maintaining a rate of loading of 80 to 100 kg/cm2(1200 to1400 psi)/min, or, if the rate is
24、dependent on crosshead motion,the machine should be set to approach this rate of loading,approximately 0.05 in./min. It shall be provided with a suitablepair of self-aligning grips to hold the specimen. It is recom-mended that the jaws of these grips shall engage the outer 25mm (1 in.) of each end o
25、f the test specimen firmly.5.2 The grips and attachments shall be so constructed thatthey will move into alignment with the test specimen as soonas the load is applied, so that the long axis of the test specimenwill coincide with the direction of the applied pull through thecenter line of the grip a
26、ssembly.5.3 The length of overlap of the specimen may be variedwhere necessary. The length of the specimen in the jaws,however, must not be varied. The distance from the end of thelap to the end of the jaws should be 63 mm (212 in.) in all tests.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall conform to t
27、he form and dimen-sions shown in Fig. 1. These shall be cut from test panelsprepared as prescribed in Section 7. The recommended thick-ness of the sheets is 1.62 6 0.125 mm (0.064 6 0.005 in.). Therecommended length of overlap for most metals of 1.62 mm(0.064 in.) in thickness is 12.7 6 0.25 mm (0.5
28、 6 0.01 in.).6.2 Since it is undesirable to exceed the yield point of themetal in tension during test, the permissible length of overlapin the specimen will vary with the thickness and type of metal,and on the general level of strength of the adhesive being2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A
29、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website. FIG. 1 Form and Dimensions of Test SpecimenD1002052investigated. The maximum permissible length may be
30、com-puted from the following relationship:L 5 Fty t/t (1)where:L = length of overlap, in.,t = thickness of metal, in.,Fty = yield point of metal (or the stress at proportionallimit), psi, andt = 150 percent of the estimated average shear strengthin adhesive bond, psi.6.3 A variation in thickness of
31、the metal, and the length ofoverlap, will likely influence the test values and make directcomparison of data questionable. For this reason, in compara-tive or specification tests, the thickness should preferably be1.62 6 0.125 mm (0.064 6 0.005 in.) and the length of overlapshould preferably be 12.7
32、 6 0.25 mm (0.5 6 0.01 in.), or notin excess of the value computed in 6.2. For development testsvalues could be different, but should then be constant.6.4 The following grades of metal are recommended for thetest specimens:Metal ASTM DesignationBrass B 36/B 36M, C26800 (Alloy 8)Copper B 152/B 152M,
33、C11000Aluminum B 209, Alloy 2024, T3 temperSteel A 109/A 109M, Grade 2Corrosion-resisting steel A 167, Type 302Titanium B 2656.5 At least 30 specimens shall be tested, representing atleast four different joints. However, if statistical analysis ofdata and variance is employed, it should be possible
34、to reducethis number.7. Preparation of Test Joints7.1 It is recommended that test specimens be made up inmultiples of at least five specimens, and then cut into indi-vidual test specimens (Note 1), Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Cut sheets ofthe metals prescribed in 6.1 and 6.4 to suitable size. All edgesof the
35、 metal panels and specimens which will be within (orwhich will bound) the lap joints shall be machined true(without burrs or bevels and at right angles to faces) andsmooth (rms 160 max) before the panels are surface-treatedand bonded. Clean and dry the sheets carefully, according tothe procedure pre
36、scribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive,and assemble in pairs. Prepare and apply the adhesive accord-ing to the recommendations of the manufacturer of the adhe-sive.Apply the adhesive to a sufficient length in the area acrossthe end of one or both metal sheets so that the adhesive willcover a sp
37、ace approximately 6 mm (14 in.) longer than theoverlap as selected in Section 6. Assemble the sheets so thatthey will be held rigidly so that the length of the overlap willbe controlled, as indicated in Section 6, within 0.25 mm(60.01 in.), and the adhesive allowed to cure as prescribed bythe manufa
38、cturer of the adhesive.FIG. 2 Standard Test PanelD1002053NOTE 1Bonding specimens in multiple panels is believed to givemore representative specimens. However, individual specimens may beprepared if agreeable to the supplier or the purchaser of the adhesive.8. Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Cut the
39、 test specimens, as shown in Fig. 1, from thepanels, Figs. 2 and 3. Perform the cutting operation so as toavoid overheating or mechanical damage to the joints (Note 2).For final preparation trim panel area according to Fig. 2.Measure the width of the specimen and the length of theoverlap to the near
40、est 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) to determine the sheararea.NOTE 2A five-tooth, typesetters circular saw has been found suitablefor such purposes.9. Procedure9.1 Test the specimens, prepared as prescribed in Section 8,as soon after preparation as possible. The manufacturer of theadhesive may, however, prescri
41、be a definite period of condi-tioning under specific conditions before testing.9.2 Place the specimens in the grips of the testing machineso that the outer 25 mm (1 in.) of each end are in contact withthe jaws (see 5.3) and so that the long axis of the test specimencoincides with the direction of ap
42、plied pull through the centerline of the grip assembly. Apply the loading immediately to thespecimen at the rate of 80 to 100 kg/cm2(1200 to 1400 psi) ofthe shear area per min. Continue the load to failure. This rateof loading will be approximated by a free crosshead speed of1.3 mm (0.05 in.)/min.10
43、. Calculations10.1 Record the load at failure and the nature and amount ofthis failure (cohesion in adhesive or metal, or adhesion) foreach specimen. Express all failing loads in kilograms persquare centimeter (pounds per square inch) of shear area,calculated to the nearest 0.06 cm2(0.01 in.2).11. R
44、eport11.1 Report the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in-cluding type, source, date manufactured, manufacturers codenumbers, form, etc.,11.1.2 Complete identification of the metal used, its thick-ness, and the method of cleaning and preparing its surfacesprior to bond
45、ing,11.1.3 Application and bonding conditions used in prepar-ing specimens,11.1.4 Average thickness of adhesive layer after formationof the joint within 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). The method ofobtaining the thickness of the adhesive layer shall be describedincluding procedure, location of measurements, a
46、nd range ofmeasurements.11.1.5 Length of overlap used,11.1.6 Conditioning procedure used for specimens prior totesting,11.1.7 Number of specimens tested,11.1.8 Number of joints represented and type of joint ifother than single overlap,11.1.9 Maximum, minimum, and average values for thefailing load,
47、and11.1.10 The nature of the failure, including the averageestimated percentages of failure in the cohesion of the adhe-sive, contact failure, and adhesion to the metal.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Precision and Bias does not exist for Test MethodD 1002. An ASTM supported interlaboratory study (ILS) i
48、scurrently underway to develop a P metal-to-metal; shear strength; single-lapjoint; tension loadingFIG. 3 Optional Panel for Acceptance Tests OnlyD1002054ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.
49、Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of t
