1、Designation: D 1014 09Standard Practice forConducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatingson Metal Substrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers proced
3、ures to be followed for directexposure of exterior paints and coatings to the environmentwhen applied to metal surfaces. When originators of a weath-ering test have the actual exposure conducted by a separateagency, the specific conditions for the exposure of test andcontrol specimens should be clea
4、rly defined and mutuallyagreed upon between all parties.1.2 Experience indicates that the metal used as a testsubstrate has a significant effect upon weathering results. Thepurpose of this practice is to define specific steel and othermetal surfaces to be used for testing in order to minimize thisso
5、urce of variability.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthesis are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this stand
6、ard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA 283/A 283M Specification for Low and IntermediateTensile Strength Carbon
7、Steel PlatesB 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateB 449 Specification for Chromates on AluminumD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD 610 P
8、ractice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel SurfacesD 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD 714 Test Method for Evaluat
9、ing Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD 1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic Coating
10、sD 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or CoatedSpecimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD 2200
11、Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface PreparationStandards and Guides for Painting Steel SurfacesD 2201 Practice for Preparation of Zinc-Coated and Zinc-Alloy-Coated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and RelatedCoating ProductsD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences fro
12、m Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray ScaleD 2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance ofOrganic Coatings on MetalD 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Deg
13、ree of Chalk-ing of Exterior Paint FilmsD 7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint a
14、ndRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 1014 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, v
15、isit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internationa
16、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E41 Terminology Relating To ConditioningE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental ExposureTesting of Nonmetallic MaterialsG1
17、13 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 141 Guide forAddressing Variability in Exposure Testingof Nonmetallic MaterialsG 147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-tallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests2.2 Other Stand
18、ard:SSPC Method 1 Test Panel Preparation Method No 1,Uncontaminated Rusted Steel SSPC33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in TerminologiesE41and G113are applicable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures described in this practice are intended toaid in evaluating th
19、e performance of coatings on various metalpanels including either new or rusted steel.4.2 The relative durability of paints in outdoor exposurescan be very different depending on the location of the exposurebecause of differences in solar radiation, time of wetness,temperature, pollutants, and other
20、 factors. Therefore, it cannotbe assumed that results from one exposure in a single locationwill be useful for determining relative durability in a differentlocation. Exposures in several locations with different climateswhich represent a broad range of anticipated service conditionsare recommended.
21、4.2.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, re-sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict theabsolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years ofrepeat exposures are needed to get an “average” test result fora given location.4.2.2 Solar radiation varies consider
22、ably as function of timeof year. This can cause large differences in the apparent rate ofdegradation in many polymers. Comparing results for materialsexposed for short periods (less than one year) is not recom-mended unless materials are exposed at the same time in thesame location.4.3 The Significa
23、nce and Use in Practice G7 addressesmany variables to be considered in exterior exposure tests.Guide G 141 provides more information on variability inweathering testing.5. Materials Used for Test Specimens5.1 A minimum of two and preferably four test specimensshall be used to evaluate the performanc
24、e of any paint system.5.2 The surface preparation shall be the same for all testpanels in the test program unless surface preparation is one ofthe variables to be evaluated. Surface preparation shall beessentially identical for all test panels, as the thoroughness ofpreparation may directly determin
25、e the performance life of theapplied coating system.5.3 Steel PanelsUnless otherwise specified, fabricatesteel test panels from the same material over which the coatingis expected to perform in-service, when the exact compositionof the substrate is known. Any of the following surfaces maybe used.5.3
26、.1 Abrasive Blasted Steel PlateThe steel plate shallconform to Specification A 36/A 36M or Specification A 283/A 283M. The minimum thickness shall be 1.6 mm (116 in.).The minimum size shall be 75 by 150 mm (3 by 6 in.). Burrsand sharp projections shall be removed from the edges byfiling. The test pa
27、nels shall be freed of oil by suitablegrease-removing solvents in accordance with Procedures B, C,or D of Practice D 609. Unless otherwise specified and agreedupon, the surface shall be blasted to meet the requirements ofStandard D 2200, Sa 212 .5.3.2 Rusted SurfacesHot rolled steel angle or plate,
28、orboth, are useful for determining the performance of paintsapplied to structures that cannot be thoroughly cleaned of rustand corrosion products. The steel angle and plate shall conformto Specification A 283/A 283M. The steel angles shall be atleast 100 by 100 by 3.2 mm (4 by 4 by18 in.) in cross s
29、ectionand 300 mm (12 in.) in length. The minimum size of the steelplate shall be 100 by 150 mm (4 by 6 in.) with a minimumthickness of 1.6 mm (116 in.). Burrs and sharp projections shallbe removed from the edges by filing. The test pieces shall befreed from oil by the use of suitable grease-removing
30、 solventsin accordance with Procedures B, C, or D of Practice D 609.Those persons desiring to test coatings over rusty or slightlyrusted surfaces (Note 1) should refer to Practice D 2200, selectthe degree of rusting desired from the rust grades given, andutilize the degree of surface preparation tha
31、t can be accom-plished in the field or on the job.5.3.2.1 When evaluating performance over rusty surfaces, itis recommended that substrates be pre-corroded (weathered) inthe same environment in which they will be ultimately beexposed. SSPC Method 1 describes this pre-aging procedure.Artificial rusti
32、ng is permitted but conditions used must bestated in the test report.NOTE 1The environment in which the steel is rusted prior to paintinghas considerable influence on the performance of paint applied to suchsteel.5.3.3 Cold-Rolled Steel StripCold-rolled steel strip has aslightly roughened surface fr
33、ee from mill scale and rust, and isuseful for checking the relative performance of paints on aclean, uniform surface. The steel strip shall conform to one ofthe types described in Practice D 609. The panels shall be notless than 100 by 150 mm (4 by 6 in.) in size and it isrecommended that all edges
34、shall be smooth and uniformlyrounded. The metal panels shall be prepared by the agreedupon procedure (A, B, C, or D) in Practice D 609.5.3.4 Galvanized SteelWhen galvanized steel panels areused, prepare test specimens according to Practice D 2201.5.4 After surface preparation, steel panels shall be
35、primecoated as soon as possible to prevent flash rusting or deposit ofany foreign contaminant on the cleaned surface. After surface3Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.D1014092preparation, if the panels are store
36、d prior to coating, precau-tions must be taken to preserve the clean surface.5.5 Aluminum PanelsUse aluminum panels that have thesame alloy, heat treatment, and surface treatment representativeof the aluminum substrate to which the coating may be appliedin field use.Aluminum alloys and heat treatmen
37、ts are describedin Specification B 209. Typical aluminum alloys used fortesting coatings are 6061, 5052, and 3024. The minimumthickness shall be 0.5 mm (0.020 in.). The minimum size shallbe 75 by 150 mm (3 by 6 in.).5.5.1 Aluminum panels are typically prepared with a con-version coating to promote c
38、oating adhesion and to preventcorrosion of the aluminum. Chromate conversion coatings aredescribed in Specification B 449. Non-chrome conversioncoatings may also be used if agreed upon by all interestedparties. Follow Practices D 1730 when preparing aluminumand aluminum alloy test specimens.6. Test
39、Specimens6.1 Apply all coatings in strict accordance with the coatingmanufacturers written recommendations. If known, themethod of application expected for the production work on thejob should also be used for test panel application.6.2 If the method of application is unknown, select one ofthe follo
40、wing (Note 2):Automatic Spray MachineAutomatic Dip CoaterManual Spray ApplicationMotor Driven Blade ApplicatorBrush ApplicationRoller CoatingCurtain CoatingNOTE 2Details for the application of paint are given in PracticesD 823.6.2.1 Powder coating application using techniques such asfluid bed dip or
41、 electrostatic fluid bed may also be used whereappropriate.6.3 Measure and record the film thickness of each coat inaccordance with Test Method D 7091. If the panel is coveredby rust and mill scale, these methods will be less accurate, asthey are influenced by the surface characteristics of this bas
42、emetal. In such cases, approximation can be made by wet filmthickness measurements in accordance with Test MethodsD 1212, or the amount of paint applied to a known area can beweighed and the average dry film thickness computed.6.4 Allow the proper drying time between coats for multiplepaint systems
43、and before exposure as required by the coatingsmanufacturer and include in the test record.6.5 Paint the back and edges of all test specimens with thesame systems as that tested on the front of each panel. Thispainting provides considerable information on the behavior ofpaint systems on the reverse
44、side. Back and edge painting mayalso provide “insulating” properties that allow metal panels tobe mounted on metal racks.6.5.1 The edges of steel panels may be coated or wrapped toprevent rusting.6.6 The test specimens may be scribed to base metal prior toexposure. Unless otherwise specified, scribe
45、 panels accordingto Test Method D 1654.6.7 Unless otherwise specified, follow the procedures de-scribed in Practice G 147 for labeling, shipping, and condition-ing / handling of test specimens.7. Location of Test Sites and Exposure Requirements7.1 Test SitesThe climatic conditions of the test sitess
46、hould be representative of those of the area in which the paintsare to be used. The type and rate of failure of a paint film willvary when exposed to different combinations of climatic andatmospheric conditions. For reliable results, exposure sitesshould be selected that are representative geographi
47、cally,climatically, and in atmospheric contaminations with those ofthe locality in which the paint will be used. To obtainconclusions that are valid for paints with national distributionrequires exposure at several sites, selected to cover a widerange in climatic conditions. Suggested sites include
48、southFlorida, Great Lakes region, hot desert southwest, the north-east, and extreme southern Louisiana.7.2 Conduct all exposures according to Practice G7.7.3 Exposure OrientationUnless otherwise specified, ex-pose specimens at an angle of 45 facing the Equator.7.3.1 Other exposure orientations may a
49、lso be conducted toprovide faster results. See Practice G7for more information onexposure options.7.4 If required to prevent galvanic corrosion of steel panels,mount test specimens so that they are electrically insulatedfrom each other and from the test rack. The use of insulators orpainting all sides of the specimens to protect against galvaniccorrosion are suitable methods for achieving this.NOTE 3A suitable material for the construction of racks and supportsis painted wood. Metals such as conversion coated or anodized aluminum,is also suitable.7.5 Mount test sp
