1、Designation: D 1038 83 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Terminology Relating toVeneer and Plywood1, 2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1038; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.adhesivea substance capable of holding materials togetherby surface attachment.NOTE 1adhesive is the general term and includes, among others,cemen
3、t, glue, mucilage, and paste. All of these terms are loosely usedinterchangeably. Various descriptive adjectives are applied to the termadhesive to indicate certain characteristics as follows:(1) Physical form, that is, liquid adhesive, tape adhesive(2) Chemical type, that is, silicate adhesive, res
4、in adhesive(3) Materials bonded, that is, paper adhesive, metal-plastic adhesive, canlabel adhesive(4) Conditions of use, that is, hot-setting adhesivebackthe side reverse to the face of a panel, or the poorer sideof a panel in any grade of plywood calling for a face andback.balanced constructionSee
5、 under construction.banding (railing)a portion of wood or other materialextending around one or more edges of a plywood panel.bleed throughglue or components of glue that have seepedthrough the outer layer or ply of a glued wood product andthat show as a blemish or discoloration on the surface.blemi
6、shanything marring the appearance of the veneer thatis not classifiable as a defect.blisterin plywood, an elevation of the surface of an adherend(separation between plies), somewhat resembling in shape ablister on the human skin; its boundaries may be indefinitelyoutlined and it may have burst or be
7、come flattened.bolt (veneer)a short log cut to length suitable for peeling ina lathe; also block.bond, nthe attachment at an interface between an adhesiveand an adherend.bond, vto attach materials together by means of an adhesive.borer holesvoids made by wood-boring insects.broken grain (shelling, l
8、eafing, grain separation)a sepa-ration on veneer surface between annual rings.cauls, nsheets of material employed singly or in pairs in hotor cold pressing of assemblies being bonded. Cauls areemployed usually to protect either the faces or the pressplaten or both against marring and staining, to pr
9、eventsticking, to facilitate press loading, or to impart a desiredsurface texture or finish, and to provide uniform pressuredistribution.NOTE 2Cauls may be made of any material such as aluminum,stainless steel, hardboard, fiberboard, or plastic, with the length and widthgenerally equal to the platen
10、 size of the press in which they are employed.centerinner layers whose grain direction runs parallel to thatof the outer plies; may be of parallel laminated plies. (Seealso core.)clipperthe shearing machine used to dimension dry or greenveneers to pregsynthetic resin-treated, compressed wood with re
11、-duced swelling and shrinking characteristics and increaseddensity and strength properties.constructiondetails of arrangement or thickness or both, ofveneers and other components used in the fabrication ofplywood.all-veneer constructionplywood in which all plies areveneer. Ordinarily no single ply o
12、f veneer will exceed516 in.(7.9 mm) in thickness.balanced constructiona construction such that theforces induced by uniformly distributed changes in moisturecontent will not cause posite constructiona panel assembly consisting ofveneers and other wood-based materials. Normally thenon-veneer componen
13、t is identified in describing the con-struction.lumber core constructionplywood in which the centerply or core is of lumber rather than of veneer. Ordinarilycores that are38 in. (9.5 mm) or greater in thickness will beof lumber.symmetrical constructionplywood panels in which theplies on one side of
14、the panel center line are essentially equalin thickness, grain direction, properties, and arrangement tothose on the other side of the center line.core(1) in decorative or hardwood plywood, the center mostply. It may be of lumber (either edgeglued or closelyassembled) or other wood-based panel mater
15、ial, or of one ormore thicknesses of veneer.(2) in construction plywood, all plies or layers between theface and back.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the responsibility of Subcommittee D 07.03 on Panel Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Pu
16、blished October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1038 83 (2000).2These definitions are specific to veneer and plywood. Other definitions relatingto timber appear in ASTM Terminology D 9, Relating to Wood, Annual Book ofASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.1Copyright
17、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.core blockin cutting rotary veneer, the portion of the boltremaining after available veneer has been removed.cross band, ninner layers of veneer whose grain direction isusually perpendicular to t
18、hat of the face plies, appliedparticularly to plywood of five or more plies and lumber-core panels.cross band, vto place the grain of the inner layer of veneerat right angles to that of the face and back.delamination, nthe separation of layers in a laminatebecause of failure of the adhesive, either
19、in the adhesiveitself or at the interface between the adhesive and theadherend.dryera kiln or chamber, or machine through which the greenveneers are passed to remove excess moisture.durability(1) as applied to wood, its lasting qualities orpermanence in service with particular reference to decay.(2)
20、 as applied to the glue bond, its resistance to deterio-ration related to exposure conditions. (See also delamination.)exterior type plywooda term applied to plywood that iscapable of withstanding prolonged exposure to severe ser-vice conditions including prolonged and repeated wettingwithout failur
21、e in the glue bonds; the commercial classifi-cation is a function of veneer grade as well as glue durability.facethe better side of a panel in any grade of plywood callingfor a face and back; also either side of a panel where thegrading rules draw no distinction between faces.flitcha portion of a lo
22、g sawed on two or more sides andintended for remanufacture into sliced or sawn veneer. Theterm is also applied to the resulting sheets of veneer stackedtogether in sequence of cutting.gapan open joint or split in the inner plies which resultswhen crossband or center veneers are broken or not tightly
23、butted.glue, nSee adhesive.groovea decorative face treatment, consisting of narrowparallel channels formed into the surface of the panel; suchas machined.V-groovenarrow and shallow V- or U-shaped channelsmachined on the plywood face to achieve a decorative effect.impregwood impregnated with syntheti
24、c resin that is curedin place so as to reduce materially swelling and shrinking ofthe wood on exposure to varying environmental conditions.inner pliesplies other than face or back plies in a panelconstruction. Subface, subback, crossband, and center areclassed as inner plies.interior type plywooda t
25、erm frequently applied to plywoodbonded with adhesives that maintain adequate bonds underconditions usually existing in the interior of buildings; thecommercial classification is a function of veneer grade aswell as glue durability.jointthe junction of two adjacent pieces of wood or veneer.butt join
26、tthe place where two pieces of wood are joinedtogether end to end.edge jointthe place where two pieces of wood are joinedtogether edge to edge.glue jointthe place where two pieces of wood are joinedtogether by means of glue.open jointfailure of bond or separation of two adjacentpieces of veneer so a
27、s to leave veneers.starved jointa glue joint that is poorly bonded becauseof an insufficient quantity of glue.sunken jointin the case of plywood, a depression in thesurface of the face ply directly above an edge joint in alumber core or crossband. Usually the result of localizedshrinkage in the edge
28、-jointed layer.jointedveneer or other ply components that have machinededges for tightest possible layup.knotholesvoids remaining after removal of knots.lapa condition in which adjacent veneers overlap oneanother instead of making a smooth edge joint.lathethe machine on which rotary, half-round, and
29、 riftveneer is cut.layera single veneer ply or two or more plies laminated withgrain direction parallel. Two or more plies laminated withgrain direction parallel is a parallel laminated layer.loose sidein knife-cut veneer, the side of the sheet that was incontact with the knife as the sheet was bein
30、g cut, and thatcontains cutting checks. (See tight side.)matchingin plywood, the arrangement of strips of veneer toobtain a particular repetitive pattern.book matchingturning alternative adjacent strips ofveneer of a flitch over.mismatchingmaking sheets of face veneer from spe-cially selected dissim
31、ilar (in color or grain or both) strips ofveneer.reversed matchingturning alternate adjacent strips ofveneer of a flitch end for end; also called “swing matching.”slip matchinglaying adjacent strips of veneer tight sideup without turning; also called “slide matching.”panela sheet of plywood of any c
32、onstruction.patchesinsertions of sound wood or synthetic material inveneer or panels from which defective portions have beenremoved.peeler loga log selected as suitable for cutting into rotaryveneer.platena plate of metal, especially one that exerts or receivespressure, as in a press used for gluing
33、 plywood.plugsstraight-sided insertions of sound wood or syntheticmaterial replacing defective portions of veneers. They usu-ally are held in place by friction until veneers are bondedinto plywood.plya single sheet of veneer, or several strips laid withadjoining edges, that may or may not be glued,
34、which formsone veneer lamina in a glued plywood panel. (See alsolayer.)plywoodusually a crossbanded assembly made of layers ofveneer or veneer in combination with a lumber core or otherwood-based panel material joined with an adhesive. Ply-wood generally is constructed of an odd number of layerswith
35、 grain of adjacent layers perpendicular to one another.Outer layers and all odd-numbered layers generally have thegrain direction oriented parallel to the long dimension of thepanel.pressan apparatus for applying and maintaining pressure onan assembly of veneers and adhesive in the manufacture ofD 1
36、038 83 (2005)2plywood. It may be operated mechanically or hydraulicallyand the platens may be cold or heated depending on the typeof adhesive used.railingSee banding.rotary-cut veneerSee under veneer.rough cutirregular-shaped areas of uneven corrugations onthe veneer surface, occurring as the veneer
37、 is cut by the latheor slicer.rough sawnin plywood, a decorative treatment produced byscoring across the grain of the panel surface to provide asaw-roughened texture.sawn veneerSee under veneer.shimin plywood, a long narrow repair in the panel surfacenot more than316 in. (4.8 mm) wide made of wood o
38、rsuitable synthetic compound.sliced veneerSee under veneer.slicermachine for producing veneer by slicing.stay loga device used on a veneer lathe to which is fasteneda flitch or segment of a bolt to secure desired grain effects inthe veneer.striateda term used to describe plywood with a face veneerth
39、at has been grooved or scored parallel to the grain.sub-face (sub-back)the ply adjacent to the exposed face (orback) of a parallel laminated outer layer.synthetic fillersgenerally of the “wood dough” type, limitedto the repair of minor defects in panels.synthetic patches, plugs, and shimsgenerally c
40、omposed oftwo-component formulations of materials which will pro-vide high level performance in terms of bond characteristics,weatherability and durability, used to repair defects in veneeror plywood panels.taperibbons, usually of paper or cloth, coated with adhesivethat are used to fasten veneers t
41、ogether for convenience inhandling during the gluing operation.tight sidein knife-cut veneer, the side of the sheet that wasfarthest from the knife as the sheet was being cut and thatcontains no cutting checks. (See loose side.)touch sandingin plywood, a light surface sanding to controlthickness; no
42、t intended as a full surfacing operation.typethe designation of plywood as a function of veneergrade and adhesive durability.veneerthin sheets of wood from which plywood is made;also referred to as plies in the glued panel.figured veneerveneer containing irregular grain forma-tions that add to its v
43、alue for furniture panel faces and otherdecorative uses. Various figures are referred to as rift-cut,comb-grained, stripe, rope, mottle, fiddle-back, cross-fire,quartered, crossbar, curley, blister, birds eye, feather, crotch,ribbon, stump, burl, etc.half-round veneera manner of cutting veneer to br
44、ingout a certain beauty of figure. The flitch is mounted on a staylog and is cut on a lathe. It differs from rotary-cut veneer inthat the flitch is cut with a wider sweep than when mountedat the lathe center, and the center of the tree is not near thecenter of rotation.plain sliced veneerveneer slic
45、ed approximately tangentto the growth rings; also termed “flat cut.”quartered veneerveneer produced by slicing or sawing alog on a plane approximately perpendicular to the growthrings. This may bring out a certain figure resulting from thepresence of rays which are especially conspicuous in oak.rift
46、 cut veneerveneer cut at approximately 45 deg to therays.rotary-cut veneerveneer cut in a continuous ribbon bycentering the entire log or bolt in a lathe and rotating itagainst a knife.sawn veneerveneer produced by sawing.sliced veneerveneer that is sliced off by moving a log,bolt, or flitch lateral
47、ly against a knife or vice versa.waterproofas applied to plywood, the term is synonymouswith exterior type plywood.water resistanta term frequently applied to plywood that iscapable of withstanding limited exposure to water or tosevere conditions without failure in the glue bonds.weatherproofas appl
48、ied to plywood, the term is synony-mous with exterior type plywood.wood failure(1) as applied to plywood glueline testing, thearea of wood fiber remaining at the glueline followingcompletion of the specified shear test. Determination is bymeans of visual examination and expressed as a percent ofthe
49、test area.(2) as applied to failure in plywood not directly associatedwith the adhesive, a rupture, shelling, tearing or breaking ofthe wood itself. (See also broken grain.)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, a
