1、Designation: D 1039 94 (Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forGlass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the charac-teristics of glass-bonded, natur
3、al, or synthetic mica materialsintended for use as electrical insulation.1.2 Glass bonded mica materials are commercially availablein both injection molded and compression molded types. Thesetest methods are applicable to both types except for tensilestrength methods. (See Section 41.)1.3 The test m
4、ethods appear in the following sections:Test Method Section ASTM Test MethodArc Resistance 57-59 D 495Compressive Strength 33-35 D 695Conditioning 5 D 618Dielectric Strength 48-51 D 149Dissipation Factor 43-47 D 150 and D 2149Heat Distortion Temperature 24-29 D 648Impact Resistance 36-39 D 256Modulu
5、s of Rupture 30-32 D 790 and C 674Permittivity 43-47 D 150 and D 2149Porosity 13-16 D 116Resistivity, Volume and Surface 52-56 D 257Rockwell Hardness 10-12 D 785Specific Gravity 6-9 D 792Specimens 4Tensile Strength 40-42 D 638 and D 651Terminology 3 D 1711Thermal Conductivity 17-19 C 177 and E 1225T
6、hermal Expansion 20-23 E 228 and E 289Thickness 49 and 54 D 3741.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applic
7、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Sections45, 49, 54, and 58.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded Hot Plate ApparatusC 674 Test Methods for Flexural Pro
8、perties of CeramicWhiteware MaterialsD116 Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials forElectrical ApplicationsD 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD 150 Test Methods for A-C Loss Characteri
9、stics andPermittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 256 Test Method for Determining the IZOD PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD 257 Test Methods for D-C Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 495
10、Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc Resistance of Solid Electrical InsulationD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD 651 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Molded Electri-
11、cal Insulating Materials3D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlasticsD 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics andElectrical Insulating MaterialsD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 792 Test
12、Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 2149 Test Method for Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)and Dissipation Factor of Solid Ceramic Dielectrics atFrequencies to 10 MHz and Temperature to 500 CD 6
13、054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Ma-terials for TestingE 228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials with a Vitreous Silica DilatometerE 289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of RigidSolids with Interferometry1These test methods are under the jurisdiction
14、 of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products.Current edition approved June 15, 1994. Published August 1994. Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 1990 as D
15、 1039 65 (1990).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
16、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 1225 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Solids byMeans of the Guarded-Comparative-Longitudinal HeatFlow Technique3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard seeTerminology D 1711.4. Test Spec
17、imens4.1 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conductivitytests and unless otherwise specified for injection moldedmaterials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk approxi-mately 100 mm diameter and 2.5 to 7.5 mm thickness.Alternatively, injection molded specimens may have the finalshape and
18、form of the finished device.4.2 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conductivitytests and unless otherwise specified for compression moldedmaterials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk 100 to 150mm diameter, or a square plate 100 to 150 mm on a side, withthickness 2.5 to 7.5 mm. The plate
19、 or disk may be molded tosize or machined from a compression molded sheet.4.3 For thermal expansion test specimens use specimens inaccordance with Test Method E 228 or Test Method E 289 asappropriate.4.4 For thermal conductivity specimens use specimens inaccordance with Test Method E 1225.5. Conditi
20、oning5.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition all samples andtest specimens in accordance with Procedure A of PracticeD 6054, except condition all thicknesses for at least 16 h.TEST METHOD A: SPECIFIC GRAVITY6. Significance and Use6.1 This characteristic is useful for specification purposesand has
21、utility as a quality control parameter.7. Test Specimens7.1 From specimens obtained in accordance with Section 4and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, cut piecesweighing from 5 to 25 g and prepare them in accordance withTest Methods D 792.8. Procedure and Report8.1 Determine specific gravity
22、and report the results inaccordance with Test Methods D 792.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Methods D 792applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD B: ROCKWELL HARDNESS10. Significance and Use10.1 This property is useful as a quality control
23、test and hasapplication for use in specifications.11. Procedure and Report11.1 From specimens obtained in accordance with Section 4and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, determine andreport the Rockwell hardness in accordance with Procedure Aof Test Method D 785. Use the Rockwell A scale if t
24、hehardness is 115 or less, otherwise use the Rockwell E scale.12. Precision and Bias12.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D 785applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD C: POROSITY13. Significance and Use13.1 This characteristic serves as a measure of the inte
25、grityof the material. The test is useful for quality control andspecification purposes.14. Specimens14.1 Prepare specimens in accordance with Section 4 andcondition them in accordance with Section 5. Then break thematerial in accordance with the porosity sections of Method Bof Test Methods D116.15.
26、Procedure and Report15.1 Test the glass-bonded mica for porosity and report theresults in accordance with Test Methods D116.16. Precision and Bias16.1 The precision and bias statement of Test MethodsD116applies to the materials covered in this standard.TEST METHOD D: THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY17. Signific
27、ance and Use17.1 Knowledge of this property of glass-bonded mica isimportant for design of electrical apparatus. The test is usefulfor quality control and specification purposes.18. Procedure and Report18.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section4, make determinations and report the resu
28、lts for thermalconductivity in accordance with Test Method E 1225.NOTE 1If thermal conductivity values are required over a broadertemperature range or of a lower order of magnitude than obtainable withTest Method E 1225, Test Method C 177 has been found to be satisfactoryfor measurement of the therm
29、al conductivity perpendicular to the surfaceof specimens having large areal dimensions.19. Precision and Bias19.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced testmethods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD E: THERMAL EXPANSION20. Significance and Use20.1 Data on t
30、hermal expansion of glass-bonded mica isuseful for a designer to match materials in a component so asD 1039 94 (2004)2to minimize mechanical strains caused by temperature varia-tions encountered by the component in service. The data isuseful to estimate the amount of strain that may develop inservic
31、e.20.2 The interferometric method is better suited for exami-nation of physically small specimens, interfaces, or local areasthat are under investigation. The dilatometer method is not asprecise or sensitive as the interferometric method but thedilatometer method is useful at higher temperatures and
32、 canaccommodate larger specimens. The results of the dilatometermethod are more representative of large pieces.21. Procedure21.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section4, measure the thermal expansion characteristics of the glass-bonded mica in accordance with either Test Method E 228 or
33、Test Method E 289.22. Report22.1 Report the following information:22.1.1 The identity of the glass-bonded mica,22.1.2 The method used,22.1.3 The thermal expansion for the specimen expressed asa change in linear dimensions resulting from a specific changein temperature, and22.1.4 The temperature rang
34、e used.23. Precision and Bias23.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced testmethods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD F: HEAT DISTORTIONTEMPERATURE24. Significance and Use24.1 This test is useful for the comparison of material fromdifferent producers. It m
35、ay be used as a specification require-ment.25. Apparatus25.1 A set-up for support and loading of the specimen and ameans for measuring the deflection is described in Test MethodD 648. Modifications of this set-up in accordance with 25.2 arefound satisfactory for use on specimens of glass-bonded mica
36、.25.2 The materials of construction of the Test MethodD 648 apparatus must be capable of withstanding exposure upto 600 C. The oven used for heating of the specimen shall becapable of temperature control within 65 C throughout thetemperature range 300 to 600 C.26. Test Specimens26.1 Cut bars of glas
37、s-bonded mica approximately 120 by13 mm with thickness of 3 to 13 mm. Prepare at least twospecimens for testing at each load stress mandated by TestMethod D 648. Measure each specimen dimension to thenearest 0.02 mm and record these measurements.27. Procedure27.1 Determine the heat distortion temper
38、ature in accor-dance with Test Method D 648 except start the test at 300 C.Allow each specimen to reach equilibrium before obtaining theinitial readings.27.2 Increase the temperature 50 C.27.3 Maintain the increased temperature for 60 6 5 minbefore taking readings.27.4 Continue the 50 C interval inc
39、rements until the bardeflects 0.25 mm or more. The temperature at which 0.25 mmdeflection occurs is the heat distortion temperature.28. Report28.1 Report the following information:28.1.1 The three dimensions of the specimen,28.1.2 The distance between the supports,28.1.3 The load and the stress appl
40、ied to each specimen, and28.1.4 The heat distortion temperature for each specimen.29. Precision and Bias29.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D 648applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD G: MODULUS OF RUPTURE30. Significance and Use30.1 The modulus of ruptur
41、e is a convenient means forcomparing mechanical properties of glass-bonded mica fromdifferent producers.30.2 The method is useful for quality control and specifica-tion purposes.31. Procedure and Report31.1 Take cylindrical specimens 13 mm in diameter and 150mm in length and test and report in accor
42、dance with TestMethods C 674.NOTE 2The specimens should conform to the dimensions suggestedin Table 1 of Test Methods D 790 as closely as is practicable.32. Precision and Bias32.1 The precision and bias statement of Test MethodsC 674 applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD
43、 H: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH33. Significance and Use33.1 The test results have utility for quality control andspecification purposes. It is useful in comparison of glass-bonded mica from different producers.34. Procedure and Report34.1 Take specimens in accordance with Test MethodD 695. Determine and re
44、port compressive strength in accor-dance with Test Method D 695.35. Precision and Bias35.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D 695applies to the materials covered in these test methods.D 1039 94 (2004)3TEST METHOD I: IMPACT RESISTANCE36. Significance and Use36.1 The test measures the r
45、eaction of the material to a verysudden application of forces on a very concentrated area of aspecimen. This reaction is a measure of the brittleness ofglass-bonded mica.36.2 The test result has utility for quality control andspecification purposes.37. Specimens37.1 Prepare rods 13 6 1 mm in diamete
46、r, conforming to11.5 of Test Method D 256.37.2 Condition specimens in accordance with Section 5 ofthese test methods.38. Procedure and Report38.1 Determine impact resistance and report the results inaccordance with Test Method D 256 using Method B (thesimple beam test).39. Precision and Bias39.1 The
47、 precision and bias statement of Test Method D 256applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD J: TENSILE STRENGTH40. Significance and Use40.1 The results of tests for this property are useful forspecification and quality control purposes.41. Procedure and Report41.1 For Inject
48、ion-Type Molded MaterialsMold testspecimens to the form and dimensions of Fig. 2 in Test MethodD 651. Condition in accordance with Section 5 of these testmethods. Determine tensile strength and report the results inaccordance with Test Method D 651.41.2 For Compression-Type Molded MaterialsIn accor-
49、dance with Section 5 of these test methods, condition testspecimens that conform to the dimensions of Fig. 1 of TestMethod D 638. Determine tensile strength and report theresults in accordance with Test Method D 638.42. Precision and Bias42.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced testmethods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD K: RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY ANDDISSIPATION FACTOR43. Significance and Use43.1 The results of this test have utility for quality controland specification purposes.43.2 In many cases, the design of efficient ele
