1、Designation: D1065 18Standard Test Method forUnsaponifiable Matter in Pine Chemicals, Including Rosin,Tall Oil, and Related Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1065; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the per-centage of material in pine chemicals produc
3、ts as defined inTerminology D804 including rosin, tall oil and relatedproducts, other than insoluble dirt or similar visible foreignmatter that does not yield a water-soluble soap when thesample is saponified with potassium hydroxide.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. N
4、o other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-min
5、e the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1It has been reported that this method may not be applicable togum rosin, especially any gum rosin containing volatile terpenes. Volatileterpenes are by definition unsaponifiable matter, and can be lost under thedrying conditions descri
6、bed in 8.4. The method is applicable to tall oilrosin and wood rosin as these rosins do not contain volatile terpenes.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopme
7、nt of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D509 Test Methods of Sampling and Grading RosinD803 Test Methods for Testing Tall OilD804 Terminology Relating to Pi
8、ne Chemicals, IncludingTall Oil and Related ProductsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is designed to broaden the scope of
9、 theprevious edition of the test method by the inclusion of tall oiland tall oil derived from products as test materials. TestMethods D803 currently includes a method for the determina-tion of unsaponifiable matter.3.2 The amount of unsaponifiable matter in tall oil and otherrelated products is impo
10、rtant in characterizing such products asit indicates the level of nonacidic material, both free andcombined, present in the test material. The unsaponifiable innaval stores products is primarily composed of higher molecu-lar weight alcohols, sterols, and hydrocarbons.4. Apparatus4.1 Erlenmeyer or Ot
11、her Flat-Bottom Flask, of 125-mL to250-mL capacity, with standard-taper 24/40 joint.4.2 Erlenmeyer Flask, of 250-mL to 300-mL capacity, withwide mouth.4.3 Separatory Funnels, of 300-mL to 500-mL capacity,with glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (PFTE) stoppers.4.4 Graduated Cylinder, one of 10 to 25-mL
12、 and one of 50to 100-mL capacity.4.5 Beaker, of up to 250-mL capacity.5. Reagents5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the Am
13、erican Chemical Society,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 20
14、18. Originally approvedin 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1065 96 (2014)1. DOI:10.1520/D1065-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in th
16、e Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1where such specifications are available.3Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent i
17、s ofsufficiently high purity to permit use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.5.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean distilled, or deionizedwater.6. Preparation of Sample6.1 Procurement and handling of samples will vary depend-in
18、g upon the physical state of the material. In all instances, thesampling should conform to accepted sampling techniqueswhich ensure the sample is representative of the material beingsampled.6.2 Uniform liquid material should be mixed well and analiquot removed for analysis. Titer in fatty acid sampl
19、es shouldbe resolubilized by gentle heating and agitation. Rosin crystal-lization in liquid samples, such as distilled tall oil (DTO),should be resolubilized by heating to 160C with periodicagitation. Homogeneous representative samples are impera-tive.6.3 Solids that melt at relatively low temperatu
20、re (that is,tall oil pitch) should be warmed to liquification to facilitatemixing and pouring. Homogeneous representative samples areimperative.6.4 Solids that melt at relatively high temperatures (that is,rosin) should be fractured and chipped if possible, (see TestMethods D509). The sample taken f
21、or analysis shall consist ofsmall pieces of rosin chipped from a freshly exposed part of alump of lumps, and thereafter crushed to facilitate weighingand solution. The sample shall be prepared the same day onwhich the test is begun in order to avoid changes in propertiesdue to surface oxidation that
22、 is very pronounced on groundrosin having a large surface area exposed to the air.7. Reagents7.1 Alkali (titrant), Standard Alcoholic Solution (0.1 N)Dissolve 6.6 g KOH or 5.2 g NaOH, preferably in pellet form,in 1 L of methanol (99.5 %) or ethanol (95 %) denatured byFormula No. 3A or No. 30 of the
23、U.S. Bureau of InternalRevenue. Standardize this solution to 60.001 N using potas-sium acid phthalate, or another accepted primary standard foralkaline titrant, according to accepted quantitative practice.7.2 Ethyl Ether (diethyl ether).7.3 Isopropyl Alcohol (Isopropanol) (91 to 99 %)If notneutral,
24、make neutral to phenolphthalein by adding 0.1 N alkalisolution dropwise.7.4 Phenolphthalein SolutionDissolve 1.0 g of phenol-phthalein in 100 mL of alcohol conforming to 6.1.7.5 Potassium Hydroxide, Ethanolic (Saponification) Solu-tion (132 g KOH/L)Dissolve 132 g of KOH (preferablypellets) in 150 mL
25、 of water and dilute to 1 L with ethanol(95 %) denatured by Formula No. 3A or No. 30 of the U.S.Bureau of Internal Revenue.7.6 Thymol Blue Indicator SolutionDissolve 0.1 g ofthymol blue in 100 mL methanol (99.5 %).8. Procedure8.1 Weigh 5.0 6 0.1 g (to 0.01 g) of the sample into the125-mL (250-mL) Er
26、lenmeyer or other flat-bottom flask, usingthe 10 or 25-mL graduated cylinder add 15 mL of the ethanolicKOH solution (132 g KOH/L), attach to the condenser, andheat to reflux and maintain for 1.5 h. Remove the flask, add 30mL water, transfer to a separatory funnel, and rinse the flaskwith an addition
27、al 20 mL of water that is added to theseparatory funnel. Rinse the flask with 40 mL of ethyl ether,adding the ether rinse to the separatory funnel. Stopper andshake the separatory funnel, then allow to stand until the etherlayer separates from the water/soap layer. Drain the aqueoussoap layer (lower
28、 layer) into a second separatory funnel,allowing a few drops of the aqueous layer to remain above thestopcock to prevent loss of ether extract by creepage throughthe stopcock joint.8.2 To the aqueous soap layer in the second funnel, add 30mL ether and extract as before. Drain the aqueous soap layeri
29、nto the original saponification flask. Add the ether layer fromthe second separatory funnel to the first separatory funnel,thereby combining the extracts. Pour the aqueous soap layerfrom the original saponification flask into the second separa-tory funnel, add 30 mL ether and extract for the third t
30、ime.Drain the aqueous soap layer from the second separatoryfunnel into the original saponification flask again, and add theether layer to the first funnel as before, thereby combining itwith the two previous extracts. Now drain off, and add to thesoap solution already in the original saponification
31、flask, all buta few drops of aqueous soap solution that has collected at thebottom of the first separatory funnel below the combined etherextract layers. Add 2 mL of water to the first separatory funneland drain off all but a few drops, combining it in thesaponification flask.8.3 Again pour the comb
32、ined aqueous soap layers from theoriginal saponification flask into the second separatory funnel,add 30 mL ether, and extract for the fourth time. Afterseparation of the layers, discard the aqueous soap layer (lowerlayer) from the second separatory funnel and add the etherlayer to the combined ether
33、 extracts in the first separatoryfunnel. Carefully drain off any remaining aqueous soap layerthat may have collected above the stopcock under the etherextracts in the first separatory funnel. Add 2 mL of water, swirlthe separatory funnel gently, allow the water to settle, and thendrain off and disca
34、rd the water layer (lower). Repeat thiswashing once with 5 mL of water, followed by three washeswith 30 mL of water. Drain a portion of the third 30-mL waterwash into a beaker, add 2 drops of phenolphthalein solution,and examine for any pink color. If pink color is observed, washonce more with 30-mL
35、 water. The absence of pink colorindicates the wash is neutral to phenolphthalein.3Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for La
36、boratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D1065 1828.4 Drain the neutral washed, combined ether extracts into adry, tared (to 0.001 g or 0.0001 g), wide-mouth Erlenmeyerflask, r
37、inse the separatory funnel with 15 mL ether and add thisto the tared Erlenmeyer flask. Evaporate the ether from theflask using a steam bath. If any water droplets collect in theflask, add a few millilitres of acetone, and continue toevaporate on the steam bath until a clean, dry residue isobtained.
38、Place the flask in a forced convection drying oven at100 to 105C for 15 to 30 min. Inspect for solvent vapor, ifnone, cool in a desiccator, and weigh (to 0.001 g or 0.0001 g).8.5 Dissolve the contents of the flask with 50 mL ofisopropyl alcohol conforming to 6.3, add 4 or 5 drops ofthymol blue or ph
39、enolphthalein indicator solution, and titratewith the standardized 0.1 N alkali solution in 6.1. When thesolution is too colored to detect with certainty the endpointinternally, titrate until a faint color change is noted. Thenwithdraw approximately 0.5 mL of the solution to a porcelainspot plate, a
40、nd to the portion on the spot plate add 1 drop of theindicator solution. Continue titrating with 0.1-mL incrementsof titrant, followed by testing on the spot plate, until a definitecolor change that persists for at least one minute is obtained.9. Calculation and Report9.1 Calculate the percentage of
41、 unsaponifiable matter in thesample as follows, and report the results to the nearest 0.1 %:Unsaponifiable matter, % 5 A 2 CN 30.302!/B# 3100 (1)where:A = dried residue, g,B = sample used (dry basis), g,C = alkali titrant solution used, mL, andN = normality of the alkali titrant solution.10. Precisi
42、on and Bias410.1 PrecisionInterlaboratory Test Program: An inter-laboratory study of the unsaponifiable matter content of threesubstances, tall oil fatty acids, distilled tall oil, and rosin, wererun in 1994. Results for determinations for tall oil fatty acidswere reported for 17 laboratories, deter
43、minations for distilledtall oil for 16 laboratories and determinations for rosin from 6laboratories. The design of the experiment, similar to that ofPractice E691 and a within-between analysis of the data aregiven in Research Report No. RR:D01-1102.10.2 Test ResultsThe precision information given be
44、lowfor the unsaponifiable matter content of naval stores products isfor a comparison of two test results, each of which is theaverage of three test determinations as follows:10.2.1 Repeatability Limit95 % (within labora-tory) = 0.3 %.10.2.2 Reproducibility Limit95 % (between labora-tory) = 1.1 %.10.
45、3 These terms (repeatability limit and reproducibilitylimit) are used as specified in Practice E177. The respectivestandard deviations among test results, related to the abovenumbers by the factor of 2.8 are as follows:10.3.1 Repeatability standard deviation = 0.1 %.10.3.2 Reproducibility standard d
46、eviation = 0.4 %.10.4 BiasThis test method has no bias because unsaponi-fiable matter content is defined only in terms of this testmethod.11. Keywords11.1 rosin; tall oil; tall oil fatty acids; unsaponifiable matterASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights ass
47、erted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time b
48、y the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will rece
49、ive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or ser
