1、Designation: D1075 11American Association StateHighway and Transportation Officials StandardAASHTO No.: T165Standard Test Method forEffect of Water on Compressive Strength of CompactedBituminous Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1075; the number immediately following the
2、designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for us
3、e by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measurement of the loss ofcompressive strength resulting from the action of water oncompacted bituminous mixtures containing asphalt cement. Anumerical index of reduced compressive strength is obtainedby comparing the com
4、pressive strength of freshly molded andcured specimens with the compressive strength of duplicatespecimens that have been immersed in water under prescribedconditions.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical convers
5、ions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices
6、and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD1074 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Bitumi-nous MixturesD2726 Test Method f
7、or Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous MixturesD3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD6752 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using AutomaticVacuum
8、Sealing MethodE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is useful as an indicator of thesusceptibility to moisture of compacted bitumen-aggregatemixtures.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced by this st
9、andard aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Standard Practice D3666 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc.
10、 Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance withD3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable resultsdepend on many factors; following the suggestions of D3666 or somesimilar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and control-ling some of those factors.4. A
11、pparatus4.1 One or more automatically controlled water baths shallbe provided for immersing the specimens. The baths shall be ofsufficient size to permit total immersion of the test specimens.They shall be so designed and equipped as to permit accurateand uniform control of the immersion temperature
12、 within61.8F (1C). They shall be constructed of or lined withcopper, stainless steel, or other nonreactive material. The waterused for the wet storage of the specimens shall be eitherdistilled or otherwise treated to eliminate electrolytes and thebath shall be emptied, cleaned, and refilled with fre
13、sh water foreach series of tests.4.2 A manually or automatically controlled water bath alsoshall be provided for bringing the immersed specimens to thetemperature of 77 6 1.8F (25 6 1C) for the compressiontest. Any convenient pan or tank may be used provided it is ofsufficient size to permit total i
14、mmersion of the specimens.4.3 A balance and a water bath with suitable accessoryequipment will be required for weighing the test specimens inair and in water in order to determine their densities, theamount of absorption, and any changes in specimen volumeresulting from the immersion test.1This test
15、 method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.22 onEffect of Water and Other Elements on Bituminous Coated Aggregates.Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1949.
16、Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1075 07. DOI:10.1520/D1075-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
17、STM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4 A supply of flat transfer plates of glass or othernon-reactive material will be required. One of these plates shallbe kept under each of the specimens during the immersi
18、onperiod and during subsequent handling, except when weighingand testing, in order to prevent breakage or distortion of thespecimens.4.5 ThermometersIt is recommended the use of Cali-brated liquid-in-glass thermometers of suitable range with areadability of 1F (0.5C) that conform to the requirements
19、 ofspecification E2251, but can be use also mercury thermom-eters. Alternatively, electronic thermometers, for example re-sistance thermometers (RTD, PRT, IPRT) of equal or betteraccuracy, may be used4.6 Air BathThe air bath shall be capable of either manualor automatic control for storing the speci
20、men a 77 6 1.8F (256 1C) immediately prior to making the compression test.5. Test Specimens5.1 At least six 4 by 4-in (101.6 by 101.6-mm) cylindricalspecimens shall be made for each test. The procedures de-scribed in Test Method D1074 shall be followed in preparingthe loose mixtures and in molding a
21、nd curing the test speci-mens.NOTE 2This test method was developed to measure the loss ofcompressive strength due to water for specimens designed at approxi-mately 6 % air voids by the compaction procedures of Test MethodD1074. When used with mixtures designed by other test methods, it ispossible th
22、at the specimens will be compacted to some other void levelwhich may influence the results. Some agencies have established an airvoid or percent density target to which the specimens should be com-pacted. This is accomplished by adjusting the loading in the Molding andCuring Test Specimens Section o
23、f Test Method D1074.6. Determination of Bulk Specific Gravity of TestSpecimens6.1 Allow each set of six test specimens to cool for at least2 h after removal from the curing oven described in TestMethod D1074. Determine the bulk specific gravity of eachspecimen in accordance with the procedure (thoro
24、ughly dryspecimens) and calculation (bulk specific gravity) sections ofTest Method D2726 or Test Method D6752.NOTE 3The calculation of air voids may be dependent on the testmethod used to determine the bulk specific gravity of the compactedsample.7. Procedure7.1 Sort each set of six test specimens i
25、nto two groups ofthree specimens each so that the average bulk specific gravityof the specimens in Group 1 is essentially the same as forGroup 2. Test the specimens in Group 1 as described in 7.1.1.Test the specimens in Group 2 as described in 7.1.2 unless thealternative procedure described in 7.1.3
26、 is specified.7.1.1 Group IBring the test specimens to the test tempera-ture 77 6 1.8F (25 6 1C), by storing them in an air bathmaintained at the test temperature for not less than 4 h anddetermine their compressive strengths in accordance with TestMethod D1074.7.1.2 Group 2Immerse the test specimen
27、s in water for24 h at 140 6 1.8F (60 6 1C). Transfer them to the secondwater bath maintained at 77 6 1.8F (25 6 1C) and storethem there for 2 h. Determine the compressive strength of thespecimens in accordance with Test Method D1074.7.1.3 Group 2, Alternative ProcedureImmerse the testspecimens in wa
28、ter for four days at 120.2 6 1.8F (49 6 1C).Transfer them to the second water bath maintained at 77 61.8F (25 6 1C) and store them there for 2 h. Determine thecompressive strength of the specimens in accordance with TestMethod D1074.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the numerical index of resistance of bi
29、tumi-nous mixtures to the detrimental effect of water as thepercentage of the original strength that is retained after theimmersion period as follows:Index of retained strength, % 5 S2/S1! 3 100 (1)where:S1= compressive strength of dry specimens (Group 1),andS2= compressive strength of immersed spec
30、imens (Group2).9. Precision and Bias9.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator stan-dard deviation has been found to be 6 % (see Note 4).Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests by the sameoperator on the same material should not differ by more than18 % (see Note 4).NOTE 4These numbe
31、rs represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s)limits as described in ASTM Practice C670.9.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratory stan-dard deviation has been found to be 18 % (see Note 4).Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests from twodifferent laboratories on identical samples o
32、f the same materialshould not differ by more than 50 % (see Note 4).10. Keywords10.1 bituminous paving mixtures; compression testing;moisture; waterD1075 112ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standar
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35、echnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
36、hocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1075 113
