1、Designation: D1079 131Standard Terminology Relating toRoofing and Waterproofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1079; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe terms “seal” and “sealant” were editorially added in March 2013.1. Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC591
3、Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid CellularPolyisocyanurate Thermal InsulationC1289 Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanu-rate Thermal Insulation BoardD312 Specification for Asphalt Used in RoofingD450 Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing,Dampproofing, and Waterproof
4、ingD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D2822 Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbest
5、os-ContainingD4022 Specification for Coal Tar Roof Cement, AsbestosContainingD4586 Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-FreeD6136 Test Method for Kerosine Number of Unsaturated(Dry) Felt by Vacuum Method2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:accelerated weathering, vthe exposure of a specimen to a
6、specified test environment for a specified time with the intentof producing, in a shorter time period, effects similar toactual weathering.aggregate(1) crushed stone, crushed slag, or water-worngravel used for surfacing a built-up roof; (2) any granularmineral material.alligatoringthe cracking of th
7、e surfacing bitumen on abuilt-up roof, producing a pattern of cracks similar to analligators hide; the cracks may not extend through thesurfacing bitumen.anionic emulsionan emulsion in which the emulsifyingsystem establishes a predominance of negative charges onthe discontinuous phase.application ra
8、tethe quantity (mass, volume or thickness) ofmaterial applied per unit area.artificial weathering, vexposure to conditions, which maybe cyclic, involving temperature, relative humidity, radiantenergy, and/or any other conditions or pollutants found in theatmosphere in various geographical areas, whi
9、ch may accel-erate changes in properties of materials over those of naturalweather conditions.asbestosa group of natural fibrous impure silicate materials.asphalta dark brown to black cementitious material in whichthe predominating constituents are bitumens that occur innature or are obtained in pet
10、roleum processing.asphalt, air blownan asphalt produced by blowing airthrough molten asphalt at an elevated temperature to raise itssoftening point and modify other properties.asphaltenea high molecular weight hydrocarbon fractionprecipitated from asphalt by a designated paraffinic naphthasolvent at
11、 a specified temperature and solvent-asphalt ratio.DISCUSSIONThe asphaltene fraction should be identified by thetemperature and solvent-asphalt ratio used.asphalt feltan asphalt-saturated felt.asphaltitea natural asphalt found below ground level.asphalt mastica mixture of asphaltic material and grad
12、edmineral aggregate that can be poured when heated, butrequires mechanical manipulation to apply.asphalt rock (rock asphalt)a naturally occurring rockformation, usually limestone or sandstone, containingthroughout its mass a minor amount of asphalt.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
13、 Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.01on Nomenclature, Definitions and Editorial.Current edition approved March 1, 2013. Published March 2013. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1079 10. DOI:10.1520/D1079
14、-13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
15、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1asphalt roof cement, na trowelable mixture of asphalt,solvents, mineral stabilizers, fillers or fibers, or both. SeeSpecifications D2822 and D4586.asphalt roof cement, nsee flashing cement.asphalt, steam blownan asphalt produced by blowing
16、steamthrough molten asphalt to modify its properties.backnailingthe practice of blind-nailing roofing felts to asubstrate in addition to hot-mopping to prevent slippage.bald roofSee smooth-surfaced roof.base plythe bottom or first ply in a built-up roofingmembrane when additional plies are to be sub
17、sequentlyinstalled.base sheeta product intended to be used as a base ply in abuilt-up roofing system.bitumen(1) a class of amorphous, black or dark-colored,(solid, semi-solid, or viscous) cementitious substances, natu-ral or manufactured, composed principally of high molecularweight hydrocarbons, so
18、luble in carbon disulfide, and foundin asphalts, tars, pitches, and asphaltites; (2) a generic termused to denote any material composed principally of bitu-men.bitumen trapSee pitch pocket.bituminized, adjimpregnated with bitumen. Example: bitu-minized fiber pipe.bituminous, adjcontaining or treated
19、 with bitumen. Ex-amples: bituminous concrete, bituminous felts and fabrics,bituminous pavement.bituminous emulsion(1) a suspension of minute globules ofbituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution; (2)a suspension of minute globules of water or of an aqueoussolution in a liquid bituminous
20、 material (invert emulsion).bituminous grouta mixture of bituminous material and finesand that will flow into place without mechanical manipu-lation when heated.blast-furnace slagthe nonmetallic product, consisting es-sentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of calcium andother bases, that is de
21、veloped in a molten condition simul-taneously with iron in a blast furnace.blind nailingthe use of nails that are not exposed to theweather in the finished roofing.blister(1) a raised portion of a roofing membrane resultingfrom local internal pressure; (2) the similarly formed protu-berances in coat
22、ed prepared roofing.blocking(1) wood built into a roofing system above the deckand below the membrane and flashing to (a) stiffen the deckaround an opening, (b) act as a stop for insulation, (c) serveas a nailer for attachment of the membrane or flashing.(2) wood cross-members installed between raft
23、ers or joiststo provide support at cross-joints between deck panels.(3) cohesion or adhesion between similar or dissimilarmaterials in roll or sheet form that may interfere with thesatisfactory and efficient use of the material.blueberrySee strawberry.bondthe adhesive and cohesive forces holding two
24、 roofingcomponents in intimate contact.broomingembedding a ply by using a broom to smooth itout and ensure contact with the adhesive under the ply.built-up roofinga continuous, semiflexible membrane con-sisting of plies of saturated felts, coated felts, fabrics or matsassembled in place with alterna
25、te layers of bitumen, andsurfaced with mineral aggregate, bituminous materials, or agranule surfaced sheet (abbreviation, BUR).cant stripa beveled strip used under flashings to modify theangle at the point where the roofing or waterproofingmembrane meets any vertical element.cap flashingSee flashing
26、.cap sheeta granule-surfaced coated felt used as the top plyof a built-up roofing membrane.cationic emulsionan emulsion in which the emulsifyingsystem establishes a predominance of positive charges on thediscontinuous phase.caulkinga composition of vehicle and pigment, used atambient temperatures fo
27、r filling joints, that remains plasticfor an extended time after application.channel moppingSee mopping, (3) strip.coal tara dark brown to black cementitious material pro-duced by the destructive distillation of coal.coal tar roof cement, na trowelable mixture of processedcoal tar base, solvents, mi
28、neral fillers or fibers, or both. SeeSpecification D4022.coal-tar felta felt that has been saturated with refined coaltar.coal-tar pitcha dark brown to black, solid cementitiousmaterial obtained as residue in the partial evaporation ordistillation of coal tar.coated sheet (or felt)(1) an asphalt fel
29、t that has been coatedon both sides with harder, more viscous asphalt; (2) a glassfiber felt that has been simultaneously impregnated andcoated with asphalt on both sides.coke-oven tarSee coal tar.cold-process roofinga continuous, semiflexible membraneconsisting of plies of felts, mats, or fabrics l
30、aminated on aroof with alternate layers of roof cement and surfaced witha cold-applied coating.concealed membrane waterproofing, nalso referred to asstructural slab waterproofing; (1) for below grade: refersto a form of waterproofing where the membrane is applied tothe mud mat and later covered with
31、 a topping, usuallyconcrete, to act as a wearing layer or course, and (2) forelevated structural concrete deck: applied over the structuralD1079 1312surface and covered/concealed by other components such asa topping slab, pavers, ballast, pavement, and plantings.condensationthe conversion of water v
32、apor or other gas toliquid as the temperature drops or atmospheric pressuresrises. (See also dew point).conditioning, vthe storage of a specimen under specifiedtemperature, humidity, etc., for a specified time prior totesting.conductance, thermalthe thermal transmission in unit timethrough unit area
33、 of a particular body or assembly havingdefined surfaces, when unit average temperature differenceis established between the surfaces. C = W/m2K (C = Btu/hft2F).conductivity, thermalthe thermal transmission, by conduc-tion only, in unit time through unit area between twoisothermal surfaces of an inf
34、inite slab of a homogeneousmaterial of unit thickness, in a direction perpendicular to thesurface, when unit temperature difference is establishedbetween the surfaces. k = W/mK (k = Btuin./hft2F).cone penetrationSee penetration.copinga covering on top of a wall exposed to the weather,usually sloped
35、to carry off water.counterflashingformed metal or elastomeric sheeting se-cured on or into a wall, curb, pipe, roof-top unit, or othersurface, to cover and protect the upper edge of a baseflashing and its associated fasteners.coveragethe surface area to be continuously covered by aspecific quantity
36、of a particular material.creepthe time-dependent part of a strain resulting fromstress.cricket, na construction to divert water around or away froma chimney, curb, wall, expansion joint, or other penetration.(See saddle).crushed stonethe product resulting from the artificial crush-ing of rocks, boul
37、ders, or large cobblestones, substantiallyall faces of which have resulted from the crushing operation.cutbacksolvent-thinned bitumen used in cold-process roof-ing adhesives, flashing cements, and roof coatings.cutoffa detail designed to prevent lateral water movementinto the insulation where the me
38、mbrane terminates at the endof a days work, or used to isolate sections of the roofingsystem. It is usually removed before the continuation of thework.dampproofingtreatment of a surface or structure to resist thepassage of water in the absence of hydrostatic pressure.dead levelabsolutely horizontal,
39、 or zero slope (see alsoslope).dead level asphalta roofing asphalt conforming to therequirements of Specification D312, Type I.dead level roofinga roofing system applied on a surface witha 0 to 2 % incline.deckthe structural surface to which the roofing or water-proofing system (including insulation
40、) is applied.direction changea change in the orientation of the principaldimension or of the support of adjoining units of the roofingsystem.double pourto apply two layers of aggregate and bitumen toa built-up roof.dry felt(1) see felt; (2) a felt which has not been saturatedwith bitumen.edge stripp
41、ingapplication of felt strips cut to narrowerwidths than the normal felt-roll width to cover a jointbetween flashing and built-up roofing.edge ventingthe practice of providing regularly spacedprotected openings at a roof perimeter to relieve water vaporpressure in the insulation.elastomera macromole
42、cular material that returns rapidly toits approximate initial dimensions and shape after substantialdeformation by a weak stress and subsequent release of thatstress.embedment(1) the process of pressing a felt, aggregate,fabric, mat, or panel uniformly and completely into hotbitumen or adhesive to e
43、nsure intimate contact at all points;(2) the process of pressing granules into coating in themanufacture of factory-prepared roofing, such as shingles.emulsionan intimate mixture of bitumen and water, withuniform dispersion of the bitumen or water globules, usuallystabilized by an emulsifying agent
44、or system.envelopea continuous membrane edge seal formed at theperimeter and at penetrations by folding the base sheet or plyover the plies above and securing it to the top of themembrane. The envelope prevents bitumen seepage from theedge of the membrane.equilibrium moisture content(1) the moisture
45、 content of amaterial stabilized at a given temperature and relativehumidity, expressed as percent moisture by weight; (2) thetypical moisture content of a material in any given geo-graphical area.equiviscous temperature (EVT), nthe temperature at whicha bitumen attains the proper viscosity for buil
46、t-up membraneapplication. EVT may or may not be applicable to polymermodified bituminous sheet materials. (See EVT for asphaltand EVT for coal tar).DISCUSSIONIn England, EVT is the temperature corresponding to astandard efflux time from a road tar viscometer.equiviscous temperature for asphalt, nthe
47、 equiviscoustemperature (EVT) for roofing asphalt (Specification D312,Type I, II, III, or IV) is as follows: (1) mop applicationthetemperature at which the asphalts apparent viscosity is 125cP. (2) mechanical spreader applicationthe temperature atD1079 1313which the asphalts apparent viscosity is 75
48、 cP. See equivis-cous temperature and EVT application range.equiviscous temperature for coal tarthe equiviscous tem-perature (EVT) for roofing coal tar (Specification D450,Type I or III) is the temperature at which the coal tarsapparent viscosity is 25 cP. See equiviscous temperatureand EVT applicat
49、ion range.EVT application range, nthe bitumen application tempera-ture range. The range is from 25F below the EVT to 25Fabove the EVT (50F span). The temperature is measured inthe mop cart or mechanical spreader just prior to theapplication of bitumen to the substrate.expansion jointa structural separation between two buildingelements that allows free movement between the elementswithout damage to the roofing or waterproofing system.exposure(1) the transverse dimension of
