1、Designation: D 1084 97 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Methods forViscosity of Adhesives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1084; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. These test methods replace Method 4021 or FederalTest Method Standard
3、No. 175a.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of theviscosity of free-flowing adhesives.1.1.1 The limitation of this test method to self-levelingadhesives eliminates thixotropic and plastic materials whoseviscosity is a function of the rate of stirring and previoushistory of the ad
4、hesive.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The
5、values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D88 Test Method for Saybolt ViscosityD115 Test Methods for Testing Solvents Containing Var-nishes Used for Electrical InsulationD 562 Test Method
6、 for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD 1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquidsby Bubble Time MethodD 1601 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosi
7、ty of Eth-ylene PolymersD 2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of AdhesivesHaving Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in these test methods aredefined in Terminology D 907.3.1.1 viscosity, nof a liquid, the resistance to flow ex-pressed as the ratio of the
8、applied stress to the resulting rate ofshearing strain (see Newtonian behavior and thixotropy).(Compare consistency.)3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 viscosity, nthe ratio of shear stress to shear rate. Theviscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of theliqu
9、id in motion. The unit of dynamic viscosity is the poise,which is expressed as dyne-seconds per square centimetre. Fora Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all shear rates.For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary depending onshear rate.4. Significance and Use4.1 Several test method
10、s are noted for viscosity determina-tion of Newtonian and near Newtonian flow characteristics.(For adhesives not fitting into this category, Test MethodD 2556 should be considered.) Four test methods are coveredas follows:4.1.1 Method A is applicable only to adhesives that willdeliver 50 mL in a ste
11、ady uninterrupted stream from one of thecups described in Section 5.4.1.2 Method B is intended for measuring the viscosity ofadhesives covering a range from 0.05 Pasto200Pas(50to 200 000 cP) and is limited to materials that have orapproach Newtonian flow characteristics.4.1.3 Method C is intended pr
12、imarily as a control methodfor determining the viscosity of adhesives that have or ap-proach Newtonian flow characteristics.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on WorkingProperties.Current edition a
13、pproved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 1084 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
14、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.4 Method D is intended primarily as a control methodfor determining the viscosity of materials that have an equiva-le
15、nt viscosity no greater than approximately 3000 cP and islimited to materials that have or approach Newtonian flowcharacteristics.TEST METHOD A5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus (Fig. 1) consists of a set of four viscositycups so designed as to deliver 50 mL of the sample in from 30to 100 s at a temperat
16、ure of 23 6 0.5C (73.4 6 0.9F).5.1.1 Four consistency cups constitute a set as follows:Diameter of Orifice, in.First Cup 0.07 6 0.0001Second cup 0.10 6 0.0001Third cup 0.15 6 0.0001Fourth cup 0.25 6 0.00015.1.2 Cups made of brass or bronze. Orifice disks made of18 % Chromium, 8 % Nickel stainless st
17、eel. The diameter ofthe Orifice pressed in the cup shall be stamped on the cup5.1.3 Fractional dimensions subject to permissible varia-tions of 60.01 in., unless otherwise specified.6. Procedure6.1 Bring the sample to be tested and the viscosity cup to atemperature of 23 6 0.5C (73.4 6 0.9F) (prefer
18、ably in aconstant-temperature room). Then mount the consistency cupin the clamp provided for the purpose and place the receivingcylinder in position. With the outlet of the cup closed by meansof the finger, pour the sample into the cup until it is filled tooverflowing. Strike off the excess with a s
19、traightedge, and thenremove the finger from over the outlet and allow the sample toflow into the receiving cylinder. Determine the number ofseconds from the time the finger is removed from the orificeuntil the top of the meniscus reaches to 50-mL mark on thecylinder by a stop watch and record as the
20、 viscosity of thematerial.7. Report7.1 Report the following:7.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code numbers, form, date oftest, date of manufacture, etc.,7.1.2 Conditioning procedure used for samples prior totesting,7.1.3 Number of tests made
21、, and7.1.4 Average consistency in seconds and the number of theviscosity cup used.TEST METHOD B8. Apparatus8.1 ViscometerThe apparatus consists of a Brookfieldsynchrolectric viscosimeter,3or an equivalent instrument. Aseries of spindles with various sized disks is provided with3Manufactured by the B
22、rookfield Engineering Laboratories, Stoughton, MA.All dimensions are in mmFIG. 1 Consistency Cups and Apparatus Assembly(Test Method A)D 1084 97 (2005)2each instrument covering a standard range of viscosities.Scored, warped, or otherwise damaged spindles are not to beused. The calibration sleeve wil
23、l be used when the values areto be reported in actual centipoise. This spindle guard ensuresuniform edge effects. By mutual agreement, the instrumentmay be used without the calibration sleeve, but the valuesobtained must be reported in apparent centipoises. Use astandard container and take care to c
24、enter the spindle in thecontainer. A complete description of the container must beinclude in the report.8.2 ThermometerA precision thermometer with gradua-tions not greater than 0.2C (0.36F) divisions.9. Calibration9.1 When used for referee purposes, calibrate the instrumentby measuring the viscosit
25、y of a standard oil,4using the samespindle and speed of rotation employed to measure the sample.If the viscosity of the oil as read by the instrument differs bymore than 2 % and less than 20 % from the certified viscosityof the oil, calculate the viscosity of the unknown by means ofthe appropriate c
26、orrection factor. Investigate a difference ofmore than 20 %, and determine a calibration curve using atleast two standard oils with viscosities on either side of thesample for the instrument.10. Procedure10.1 ConditioningBring the sample of the adhesive andthe instrument to a temperature of 23 6 0.5
27、C (73.4F)(preferably in a constant-temperature room), and maintain thesample uniformly at this standard temperature throughout thetest. Protect adhesives containing volatile solvents from evapo-ration during conditioning. If special conditioning methods arenecessary, such as the use of a circulating
28、 water bath, report in11.1.5.10.2 AdjustmentSelect a spindle suitable to the viscosityrange of the material and firmly fit it into the shaft extensionwhich comes down through the center of the dial casing.10.3 DeterminationInsert the spindle perpendicularly intothe material to be tested until immers
29、ed to the depth indicatedby the groove cut into the shaft. Press down the clutch leverand start the motor by snapping the toggle switch. Then releasethe lever and allow rotation to continue until the pointer hasreached the position where it is stationary in relation to therotating dial. Again press
30、down the clutch lever and snap theswitch off. If the pointer is not in view when the dial has cometo rest, the motor should be started again and allowed to rununtil the pointer reaches the vision plate, keeping the clutchlever depressed. Take the reading at the pointer. A checkreading can also be ma
31、de by restarting the motor beforereleasing the clutch. If the pointer makes a complete turn of thedial, this indicates that the viscosity is too great for the capacityof the spindle used.Aslower speed of rotation or a spindle witha greater range should be used. If the pointer moves less than20 % of
32、the way around the dial, this indicates that theviscosity is too low for accurate measurement with the spindleor rate of rotation used. A faster speed of rotation or a spindlewith a lower range should be used. Make a minimum of threereadings. Some instruments have two concentric scales, andgreat car
33、e should be taken to read the pointer on the correctscale as specified by the manufacturer for the spindle used.11. Report11.1 Report the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in-cluding type, source, manufacturers code numbers, form, dateof test, date of manufacture, etc.
34、,11.1.2 Name and model number of the instrument used,11.1.3 Number of the spindle used, and specify use ofspindleguard,11.1.4 Speed used,11.1.5 Conditioning procedure employed, including detailsof the container and time elapsed between various operationsused in the preparation of the adhesive mix,11
35、.1.6 Temperature of the sample at the conclusion of thetest,11.1.7 Number of tests made, and11.1.8 Viscosity in actual or apparent centipoises, togetherwith the range of the observation in centipoises.TEST METHOD C12. Apparatus12.1 ViscometerA Stormer viscosimeter with double flagpaddle-type rotor a
36、s specified in Test Method D 562,oranequivalent apparatus, in good repair and a spindle that spinsfreely when started without the paddle.12.2 ContainersRound friction-top metal cans having acapacity of 1 qt (0.9 L). Nonstandard containers may be usedby mutual agreement, when necessary to prevent cor
37、rosion orother deleterious effects of metal cans.12.3 ThermometerA precision thermometer with gradua-tions not greater than 0.2C (0.36F) divisions.12.4 TimerA stop watch or suitable timer measuring to0.2 s.13. Procedure13.1 ConditioningBring the containers holding thesamples to be tested and the pad
38、dle to be used to a temperatureof 23 6 0.5C (73.4F) (preferably in a constant-temperatureroom), and maintain the sample uniformly at this standardtemperature throughout the test. Protect adhesives containingvolatile solvents from evaporation during conditioning. Ifspecial conditioning methods are ne
39、cessary, such as the use ofa circulating water bath. Report this in 14.1.2.13.2 AdjustmentPrepare the instrument for use by raisingthe weight to the top by winding up the cord with the ratchetprovided for that purpose. Set the revolution counter at 10revolutions below the zero mark. Use a falling we
40、ight of suchmagnitude that a minimum time of 20 s is required for 100revolutions of the paddle when the test is conducted asspecified in 13.2. Choose the weight from the series 50, 100,200, 500, and 1000 g. Fasten the paddle securely on the shaft,place the container on the platform, and raise until
41、the surfaceof the adhesive just reaches the mark on the stem of the paddle.This ensures uniform depth of immersion of the paddle.4Available from the Cannon Instrument Co., Box 16, State College, PA 16801.D 1084 97 (2005)313.3 DeterminationRelease the brake on the large cogwheel, and start the timing
42、 device when the needle on therevolution counter passes the zero mark. Note the time for 100revolutions accurately to the closest 0.2 s. Make a minimum ofthree determinations.14. Report14.1 Report the following:14.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in-cluding type, source, manufactu
43、rers code numbers, form, dateof test, date of manufacture, etc.,14.1.2 Conditioning procedure employed, including timeelapsed between various operations used in the preparation ofthe adhesive mix,14.1.3 Details of nonstandard containers, if used,14.1.4 Temperature of the sample at the conclusion of
44、thetest,14.1.5 Weight used,14.1.6 Number of tests made, and14.1.7 Average viscosity in seconds for 100 revolutions,together with the range of the observations.TEST METHOD D15. Apparatus15.1 The apparatus (Fig. 2) consists of a set of five Zahnviscosity cups5so designed as to allow a sample to flowth
45、rough the calibrated orifice in approximately 1 min or less,best results being obtained when the flow time is between 20and 40 s.15.1.1 Five viscosity cups constitute a set as follows:Diameter of Orificesin. + 0.0003 mm + 0.0076 0.0002 0.0051First cup 0.0788 2.002Second cup 0.1082 2.748Third cup 0.1
46、487 3.777Fourth cup 0.1684 4.277Fifth cup 0.2072 5.26315.1.2 Cups shall be made of stainless steel, 0.050 in. (1.27mm) thick. The number of the cup shall be stamped on a plateon the cup.15.2 The following figures are given only for the purpose ofselecting the proper viscometer. They are not intended
47、 for usein converting centipoises to Zahn seconds.Orifice Size, in. (mm) Range Pa S (Range, cP) Range, Zahns0.0788 (2.002) 0.02 to 0.085 (20 to 85) 40 to 850.1082 (2.748) 0.03 to 0.170 (30 to 170) 20 to 700.1487 (3.777) 0.120 to 0.550 (170 to 550) 25 to 600.1684 (4.277) 0.200 to 0.900 (200 to 900) 2
48、0 to 650.2072 (5.263) 0.250 to 1.200 (250 to 1200) 15 to 60(and above) (and above)5Available from Paul N. Gardner Co., Pompano Beach, FL.All dimensions are in mmFIG. 2 Viscosity Cups (Test Method D)D 1084 97 (2005)416. Procedure16.1 ConditioningBring the sample of the adhesive andthe cup to a temper
49、ature of 23 6 0.5C (73.4 6 0.9F),preferably in a constant-temperature room, and maintain thesample uniformly at this standard temperature throughout thetest. Other temperatures of test are optional. Protect adhesivescontaining volatile solvents from evaporation during condi-tioning. If special conditioning methods are necessary, such asthe use of a circulating water bath, they shall be specified in17.1.2.16.2 DeterminationHold the viscometer in a vertical po-sition (by means of a small ring at the end of the handle) andcompletely immerse t
