1、Designation: D113 17 American Association StateHighway and Transportation Officials StandardAASHTO No.: T51Standard Test Method forDuctility of Asphalt Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D113; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Def
3、ense.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determin-ing the ductility of an asphalt material measured by thedistance to which it will elongate before breaking when twoends of a briquet specimen of the material, of the formdescribed in 4.1, are pulled apart at a specified speed and
4、 at aspecified temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the test shallbe made at a temperature of 25 6 0.5 C 77 6 0.9 F andwith a speed of 5 cm/min 6 5.0 %. At other temperatures thespeed should be specified.1.2 Because of the large number of methods for obtainingtest samples, it is impractical to d
5、iscuss specific products in thistest method. Refer to individual product specifications forguidance in obtaining a test sample.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
6、 consideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of each other. Combining valuesfrom the two syste
7、ms may result in nonconformance with thestandard. Bath and mold dimensions are given in SI units only,as the equipment is not available in inch-pound units.1.5 WarningMercury has been designated by the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency and many state agen-cies as a hazardous material that
8、 can cause central nervoussystem, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury or its vapor may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution shouldbe taken when handling mercury and mercury-containingproducts. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)for details and the EPAs website (http
9、:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should beaware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, orboth, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th
10、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standa
11、rd-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias
12、Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD5/D5M Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Mate-rialsD402/D402M Test Method for Distillation of Cutback As-phaltD1754/D1754M Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air onAsphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)D2872 Test Method for Effect of H
13、eat and Air on a MovingFilm of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test)D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD6934 Test Method for Residue by Evaporation of Emulsi-fied AsphaltD6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified AsphaltD7
14、403 Test Method for Determination of Residue of Emul-sified Asphalt by Low-Temperature Vacuum DistillationD7497 Practice for Recovering Residue from Emulsified1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
15、e D04.44 onRheological Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D113 07 which waswithdrawn January 2016 and reinstated in December 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D0113-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
16、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Uni
17、ted StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrier
18、s to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Asphalt Using Low Temperature Evaporative TechniqueE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE220 Test Method for Calibration of The
19、rmocouples ByComparison TechniquesE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-mometersE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-tance ThermometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids3. Significance and Use3.1 This te
20、st method provides one measure of tensile prop-erties of asphalt materials and may be used to measure ductilityfor specification requirements.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced by this standard aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability, calibra
21、tion, and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling,inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance withSpecification D3666 alone does not completely ensu
22、re reliable results.Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions ofSpecification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides ameans of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.4. Apparatus4.1 MoldThe mold shall be similar in design to that shownin Fig. 1. The mo
23、ld shall be made of brass, 10.0 6 0.1 mmthick, the ends b and b being known as clips, and the parts aand a as sides of the mold, with a brass base plate that is largerthan the assembled mold. The dimensions of the assembledmold shall be as shown in Fig. 1 with the permissible variationsindicated.4.2
24、 Water Bath for Conditioning SpecimensA water bathcapable of maintaining the specified test temperature, varyingnot more than 0.5 C 0.9 F from this temperature. Thespecimen shall be immersed to a depth of not less than 2.5 cm.4.3 Testing MachineFor pulling the briquet of asphaltmaterial apart, any a
25、pparatus may be used which is soconstructed that the specimen will be continuously immersedin water, while the two clips are pulled apart at a uniformA Distance between centers, 111.5 to 113.5 mm.B Total length of briquet, 74.5 to 75.5 mm.C Distance between clips, 29.7 to 30.3 mm.D Shoulder, 6.8 to
26、7.2 mm.E Radius, 15.75 to 16.25 mm.F Width at minimum cross section, 9.9 to 10.1 mm.G Width at mouth of clip, 19.8 to 20.2 mm.H Distance between centers of radii, 42.9 to 43.1 mm.I Hole diameter, 6.5 to 6.7 mm.J Thickness, 9.9 to 10.1 mm.FIG. 1 Mold for Ductility Test SpecimenD113 172speed, as speci
27、fied, without undue vibration. A 65 % variationof test speed is permissible. The water in the tank of the testingmachine shall cover the specimen both above and below it byat least 2.5 cm and shall be maintained within 60.5 C60.9 F of the test temperature. The testing machine shallincorporate a mean
28、s by which the elongation at the time ofrupture can be measured in centimeters.4.4 ThermometerAcalibrated liquid-in-glass thermometerof suitable range with subdivisions and maximum scale error of0.1 C 0.2 F or any thermometric device of equal accuracy,precision, and sensitivity shall be used. Thermo
29、meters shallconform to the requirements of Specification E1 or E2251.Other thermometric devices shall conform to the requirementsof Specification E1137/E1137M. The thermometer used for thewater bath shall be calibrated periodically in accordance withTest Method E77. An alternate thermometric device
30、shall becalibrated periodically in accordance with Specification E1137/E1137M and Test Method E220 or E644.4.5 Release AgentA mixture such as glycerin withDextrin, talc, or Kaolin (china clay), used to coat the bottomand sides of mold to prevent the specimen from sticking to themold. Other materials
31、 may be used for this purpose if they havebeen shown not to affect the physical properties of the testspecimen.4.6 OvenAn oven capable of maintaining within 65C610 F of the temperature required to heat the sample so it isjust fluid enough to pour.4.7 Trimming ToolA straight-edged putty knife or spat
32、ulawider than the specimen for trimming.4.8 Specific Gravity AdditiveA substance such as methylalcohol, sodium chloride, or ethylene glycol used to adjust thespecific gravity of the water bath to prevent specimen fromcoming to the surface of the water or touching the bottom ofthe bath. Other additiv
33、es may be used if they have been shownnot to affect the physical properties of the specimen.4.9 Sieves300-m (No. 50) sieve, 3 in. in diameter, inaccordance with Specification E11.NOTE 2In those cases where the ductility specimens are conditionedin the standard penetration bath at 25 C 77 F, the ther
34、mometer orequivalent thermometric device as prescribed for Test Method D5/D5Mmay be used.5. Sample Preparation5.1 Emulsified Asphalt ResidueIf the sample is a residualproduct recovered from emulsified asphalt by means of TestMethods D6934, D6997, D7403, or Practice D7497, stir thecontents and immedi
35、ately pour portions of the residue intosuitable molds for making the required tests. Residue obtainedfrom lower-temperature emulsion recovery procedures shall bebrought to a temperature of at least 135 C prior to pouring. Ifan emulsified asphalt residue does not meet the ductilityrequirements, this
36、may be indicative of the presence of foreignmatter. If it is suspected that there is foreign matter in theresidue, the residue may be strained through a 300-m (No. 50)sieve that has been preheated at 135 6 5 C 275 6 10 Fprior to pouring into the test molds.5.2 Unaged SampleIf the sample is an asphal
37、t binder,carefully heat the sample in a covered container to preventlocal overheating until it has become sufficiently fluid to pour.Use an oven set at 135 6 5 C 275 6 10 F for sampleheating.5.3 Aged SampleIf the sample is a conditioned residueobtained from Test Method D1754/D1754M or D2872, com-bin
38、e the residue into a single container, cover, and heat in anoven set at 135 6 5 C 275 6 10 F. (See Note 3.)5.4 Cut-Back Asphalt ResidueIf the sample is a residualproduct recovered from cut-back distillation by means of TestMethod D402/D402M, stir the heated residue and immediatelypour portions of th
39、e residue into suitable molds for making therequired tests.NOTE 3In those cases where the samples are not sufficiently fluid topour at 135 6 5 C 275 6 10 F, higher temperatures may be used.6. Procedure6.1 Assemble three molds on a brass plate. Thoroughly coatthe surface of the plate and interior sur
40、faces of the sides a anda, Fig. 1, of the mold with a thin layer of release agent toprevent the test material from sticking. The plate upon whichthe mold is placed shall be flat and level so that the bottomsurface of the mold will be in contact throughout. After samplepreparation as described in Sec
41、tion 5, thoroughly stir thesample and pour into the mold. In filling the mold, take care notto disarrange the pieces of the mold, thus distorting thespecimen shape. Pour the material in a thin stream back andforth from end to end of the mold until the mold is more thanlevel full.Allow the filled mol
42、d to cool to room temperature for35 6 5 min. Then place it in the water bath at test temperaturefor 35 6 5 min. Remove the test specimens from the waterbath, lightly dry top of mold with paper towel or cotton rag,then immediately trim the excess material with a hot trimmingtool to make the molds jus
43、t level full. (See Note 4.)6.2 Keeping Specimen at Standard TemperaturePlace thetrimmed specimen and mold in the water bath at the specifiedtemperature for 90 6 5 min prior to testing. Remove thespecimen from the plate by a shearing action between speci-men and plate, avoiding any bending of the spe
44、cimen.6.3 TestingAttach the rings at each end of the clips to thepins or hooks in the testing machine and ensure that side piecesa and a have been removed. Pull the two clips apart at auniform speed as specified until the specimen ruptures orreaches the length limitations of the testing machine. Mea
45、surethe distance in centimetres through which the clips have beenpulled to produce rupture or final length.6.3.1 A normal test is one in which the material rupturesnear the center of the specimen or reaches the length limita-tions of the testing machine. A rupture occurring at either clipshall not b
46、e considered normal.6.3.2 If the sample comes in contact with the surface of thewater or the bottom of the bath, the test shall not be considerednormal. Adjust the specific gravity of the bath by using aspecific gravity additive as described in 4.8 so that the testspecimen neither comes to the surfa
47、ce of the water, nor touchesthe bottom of the bath at any time during the test. (See Note 5.)D113 173NOTE 4A critical dimension of the ductility mold is the width at thecross section of the mold. Measure and record the cross section distanceand compare to the specifications listed in Fig. 1. In addi
48、tion, best practicerecommends etching a uniform identification of letters or numbers on themold set clips and side pieces so that the mold pieces are used as a set.NOTE 5Some additives used to adjust the specific gravity of the waterbath are toxic and can cause corrosion of the testing machine. If s
49、pecificgravity adjustments have been made, it is recommended to wear gloveswhen placing hands in the bath fluid. Frequent bath fluid changes arerecommended to prevent damage to the testing machine.7. Report7.1 Report the average of three normal tests as the ductilityof the sample. If a normal test is not obtainable, report theductility as being unobtainable under the conditions of the test.If rupture does not occur due to length limitations of the testingmachine, report ductility as the lengt
