1、Designation: D1141 98 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forthe Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1141; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the preparation of solutio
3、ns con-taining inorganic salts in proportions and concentrations rep-resentative of ocean water.2NOTE 1Since the concentrations of ocean water varies with samplinglocation, the gross concentration employed herein is an average of manyreliable individual analyses. Trace elements, occurring naturally
4、in con-centrations below 0.005 mg/L, are not included.1.2 This practice provides three stock solutions, each rela-tively concentrated but stable in storage. For preparation ofsubstitute ocean water, aliquots of the first two stock solutionswith added salt are combined in larger volume. An addedrefin
5、ement in adjustment of heavy metal concentration isprovided by the addition of a small aliquot of the third stocksolution to the previous solution.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not pu
6、rport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D
7、1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storageof Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology D1129.3.2 Definiti
8、ons of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chlorinity, , nthe weight of silver ion (g) required tocompletely precipitate the halides in 0.3285 kg of water (g/kg).4. Significance and Use4.1 This substitute ocean water may be used for laboratorytesting where a reproducible solution simulating sea wa
9、ter isrequired. Examples are for tests on oil contamination, deter-gency evaluation, and corrosion testing.NOTE 2The lack of organic matter, suspended matter, and marine lifein this solution does not permit unqualified acceptance of test results asrepresenting performance in actual ocean water. Wher
10、e corrosion isinvolved, the results obtained from laboratory tests may not approximatethose secured under natural testing conditions that differ greatly fromthose of the laboratory, and especially where effects of velocity, saltatmospheres, or organic constituents are involved.Also the rapid depleti
11、onof reacting elements present in low concentrations suggests caution indirect application of results.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of t
12、he Commit-tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society.4Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained thatthe reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its usewithout lessening the accuracy of the determination.5.2 Purity of Water Unless otherwise indicated, referenc
13、esto water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Specification D1193, Type II.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on Quality Systems, Specification,and Statistics.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 201
14、3. Published January 2013. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1141 98 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D1141-98R13.2This practice is based upon the following studies:May and Black, “Synthetic Ocean Water,” Naval Research Laboratory ReportP-2909, August 1946.May, T. P. and Alex
15、ander, A. L., “Spray Testing with Natural and Synthetic SeaWater, Part ICorrosion Characteristics in the Testing of Metals,” Proceedings,ASTM, Vol 50, 1950.Alexander, A. L. and May, T. P., “Spray Testing with Natural and Synthetic SeaWater, Part IIA Study of Organic Coatings,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol
16、 50, 1950.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Speci
17、fications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Conve
18、ntion, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.3 Sodium Hydroxide, Solution, Standard (0.10 N) Pre-pare and standardize as directed in Practice E200.5.4 Stock Solution No. 1Dissolve the indicated am
19、ounts ofthe following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of 7.0L. Store in well stoppered glass containers.MgCl26H2O 3889.0 g ( = 555.6 g/L)CaCl2(anhydrous) 405.6 g ( = 57.9 g/L)SrCl26H2O 14.8 g ( = 2.1 g/L)5.5 Stock Solution No. 2Dissolve the indicated amounts ofthe following salts in wate
20、r and dilute to a total volume of 7.0L or a convenient volume. Store in well stoppered amber glasscontainers.KCl 486.2 g ( = 69.5 g/L)NaHCO3140.7 g ( = 20.1 g/L)KBr 70.4 g ( = 10.0 g/L)H3BO319.0 g ( = 2.7 g/L)NaF 2.1 g ( = 0.3 g/L)5.6 Stock Solution No. 3Dissolve the indicated amounts ofthe followin
21、g salts in water and dilute to a total volume of 10.0L or a convenient volume. Store in well stoppered amber glasscontainers.Ba(NO3)20.994 gMn(NO3)26H2O 0.546 gCu(NO3)23H2O 0.396 gZn(NO3)26H2O 0.151 gPb(NO3)20.066 gAgNO30.0049 gNOTE 3To make the addition of AgNO3in the above solution,dissolve 0.049
22、g of AgNO3in water and dilute to 1 L. Add 100 mL of thissolution to Stock Solution No. 3 before diluting to 10.0 L.6. Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water6.1 To prepare 10.0 L of substitute ocean water, dissolve245.34 g of sodium chloride and 40.94 g of anhydrous sodiumsulfate in 8 to 9 L of water.
23、 Add 200 mL of Stock Solution No.1 slowly with vigorous stirring and then 100 mL of StockSolution No. 2. Dilute to 10.0 L. Adjust the pH to 8.2 with 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution. Only a few millilitres of NaOHsolution should be required.NOTE 4Prepare the solution and adjust the pH immediately prio
24、r touse.7. Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water with HeavyMetals7.1 Add 10 mL of Stock Solution No. 3 slowly and withvigorous stirring to 10.0 L of the substitute ocean waterprepared as described in Section 6.8. Keywords8.1 substitute brine; substitute ocean water; substitute saltwater; substitute
25、seawaterAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMPOSITION OF SUBSTITUTE OCEAN WATERX1.1 The substitute ocean water prepared in accordancewith Section 6 will have the composition shown above the linein Table X1.1(upper half of the table). The substitute oceanwater with heavy metals, prepared in accor
26、dance with Section7, will have the complete composition shown in Table X1.1.D1141 98 (2013)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinatio
27、n of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdra
28、wn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your c
29、omments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single
30、or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (w
31、ww.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE X1.1 Chemical Composition of Substitute Ocean WaterA ,BCompound Concentration, g/LNaCl 24.53MgCl25.20Na2SO44.09CaCl21.16KCl 0.695NaHCO30.201KBr 0.101H3BO30.027SrCl20.025NaF 0.003Ba(NO3)20.0000994Mn(NO2)20.0000340Cu(NO3)20.0000308Zn(NO3)20.0000096Pb(NO3)20.0000066AgNO30.00000049AChlorinity of this substitute ocean water is 19.38.BThe pH (after adjustment with 0.1 N NaOH solution) is 8.2.D1141 98 (2013)3
