1、Designation: D1144 99 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forDetermining Strength Development of Adhesive Bonds1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of the strengthdevelopment of adhesive bonds when tested on a standardspecimen u
3、nder specified conditions of preparation and testing.It is applicable to adhesives in liquid or paste form that requirecuring at specified conditions of time and temperature orspecific substrate preparation. It is intended primarily to beused with metal-to-metal adherends; however, plastics, woods,g
4、lass, or combinations of these may be substituted.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibi
5、lity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Ad
6、hesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D1338 Practice for Working Life of Liquid or Paste Adhe-sives by Consistency and Bond Strength3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSeveral terms in this practice are defined inaccordance with Terminology D907.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specif
7、ic to This Standard:3.2.1 activator, or accelerator (surface), nan adhesivecuring agent that is applied to a bonding surface for the purposeof affecting or speeding, or both, the cure of an adhesive.3.2.2 fixture time (set time), nthe shortest time required byan adhesive to develop handling strength
8、 such that test speci-mens can be removed from fixtures, unclamped, or handledwithout stressing the bond, thereby affecting bond strength.3.2.3 handling strength, na low level of strength initiallyobtained by an adhesive that allows specimens to be handled,moved, or unclamped without causing disrupt
9、ion of the curingprocess or affecting bond strength.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice contains suggested provisions for report-ing strength values. Any ASTM test method for determiningstrength properties of adhesive bonds may be used. Thispractice is not intended to determine the pot or worki
10、ng life oftwo-component epoxy of similar type adhesives. Refer toPractice D1338. It should be noted that there are adhesiveswhose testing requires special techniques and whose propertiesare difficult to reproduce from tester to tester. These variablesshould be kept in mind when analyzing the data ob
11、tained usingthis practice.5. Test Specimens5.1 It is suggested that lap-type shear specimens in accor-dance with Test Method D1002, be used. Other types of testspecimens may be used with agreement between the manufac-turer and the purchaser.6. Preparation of Test Specimens6.1 Prepare test specimens
12、in accordance with Test MethodD1002, or other applicable test method. Prepare the bondingsurface by a method mutually agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser. Vapor phase degreasing, gritblasting, hand abrasion, or testing on oiled surfaces are some ofthe methods that are available. If
13、 a surface activator oraccelerator is used, apply it in accordance with the instructionsof the manufacturer. Use one- or two- surface activation asagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.Allow assembled specimens to cure at the temperature andperiod of time prescribed by the manufactu
14、rer to develop fullstrength. This is intended to determine if any post curing of theadhesive occurs that would cause a strength increase anddecrease. Bond strength variability could be caused by em-brittlement or a further hardening of the adhesive during thecure cycle.1This practice is under the ju
15、risdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesivesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.10 on Working Properties.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1144 99 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/D1144-99R11.2For
16、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
17、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 In addition, prepare assemblies for curing at the sametemperature and time intervals to determine fixture time and20, 50, and 80 % strength. If the adhesive is cured by heat, heatthe specimens at a predetermined rate such that a consistenttempera
18、ture rise is obtained. Differences in heating rates willnaturally occur between different types of test specimens due todifferent conductivities. Determine the temperature of theadhesive by means of a properly insulated thermocouple orcontact pyrometer placed in the geometric center of the bondarea.
19、 Bring the adhesive layer to the curing temperature aspromptly as possible and start the measurement of curing timewhen the adhesive has reached the curing temperature.6.3 After the curing treatment, allow the specimens to returnto room temperature by natural air convection. Preconditioningof the sp
20、ecimens prior to testing is permissible upon agreementbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer. Altering themanner in which the cured specimens are to be returned toroom temperature also is permissible, provided the method isagreeable to the purchaser and manufacturer. Roomtemperature-curing adhes
21、ives are allowed to cure for specifictime intervals at a temperature of 22 6 3C (72 6 6F). Curetime is measured from the initial assembly and clamping of testspecimens. If the test adhesive has an unusual cure mechanism,or does not adapt to conventional assembly and test methods,use a test procedure
22、 agreed upon between the manufacturer andthe purchaser. Develop this procedure to adhere as closely aspossible to those outlined in this practice.7. Procedure for Determining Fixture Time (Set Time)7.1 Prepare test specimens as outlined in Section 6. Apply aspecified amount of adhesive, as recommend
23、ed by the manu-facturer, to one surface. If a surface activator or accelerator isused, apply this to the other surface, or both, if specificallyrequired by the manufacturer or purchaser. Assemble speci-mens and clamp as recommended by the manufacturer.7.2 After a specified time, remove clamps and de
24、termine ifthe bond has developed handling strength. The initial test timeis longer than expected to develop handling strength. Insubsequent tests, shorten the intervals such that the minimumtime to develop handling strength eventually is determined.7.3 In testing parts for handling strength, load sp
25、ecimensaxially, torsionally, or in cleavage, to ensure that the blockingstrength of the adhesive is not mistaken for handling strength.Once the minimum time has been determined, repeat the test aminimum of three times to ensure its accuracy. For adhesivetypes where fixture time is irrelevant or too
26、short to test,exclude this test at the agreement of the manufacturer andpurchaser.7.4 Test the specimens as described in the selected appro-priate ASTM test method. Test heat-cured specimens immedi-ately after reaching room temperature. Room temperature-cured specimens are tested immediately after t
27、he specified curetime has elapsed.8. Report8.1 Report the following:8.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, lot number,form, and activator,8.1.2 Complete identification of the adherend used, its type,thickness, method of cleaning, and
28、 preparation of surface priorto bonding,8.1.3 Standard test method used,8.1.4 Application and bonding conditions used in preparingthe specimens,8.1.5 Cure procedure used for specimens prior to testing,8.1.6 Fixturing time to the nearest standard unit of time(second, minute, hour),8.1.7 Fixture time
29、and cure speed data as actual test values,versus test time, to the nearest standard unit of time,8.1.8 Number of specimens tested, and8.1.9 Number of joints represented.9. Keywords9.1 accelerator; shear strength; tensile loading; working lifeASTM International takes no position respecting the validi
30、ty of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subjec
31、t to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarte
32、rs. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
33、is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1144 99 (2011)2
