1、Designation: D1195/D1195M 09 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forRepetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and FlexiblePavement Components, for Use in Evaluation and Design ofAirport and Highway Pavements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1195/D1195M; the number immediately
2、 following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test m
3、ethod covers a procedure for making repeti-tive static plate load tests on subgrade soils and compactedpavement components, in either the compact condition or thenatural state, and provides data for use in the evaluation anddesign of rigid and flexible-type airport and highway pave-ments.1.2 The val
4、ues stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standar
5、d.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminolog
6、y2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 deflection, nthe amount of downward vertical move-ment of a surface due to the application of a load to the surface.2.1.2 rebound deflection, nthe amount of vertical reboundof a surface that occurs when a load is removed from thesurface.2.1.3 residual deflection, nthe differen
7、ce between originaland final elevations of a surface resulting from the applicationand removal of one or more loads to and from the surface.3. Significance and Use3.1 Field, in-place repetitive static plate load tests are usedfor the evaluation and design of pavement structures. Repeti-tive static p
8、late load tests are performed on soils and unboundbase and subbase materials to determine a measure of the shearstrength of pavement components.4. Apparatus4.1 Loading DeviceA truck or trailer or a combination ofboth a tractor-trailer, an anchored frame, or other structureloaded with sufficient weig
9、ht to produce the desired reaction onthe surface under test. The supporting points (wheels in thecase of a truck or trailer) shall be at least 2.4 m 8 ft from thecircumference of the largest diameter bearing plate being used.4.2 Hydraulic Jack Assembly, with a spherical bearingattachment, capable of
10、 applying and releasing the load inincrements. The jack shall have sufficient capacity for applyingthe maximum load required, and shall be equipped with anaccurately calibrated gauge that will indicate the magnitude ofthe applied load.4.3 Bearing PlatesAset of circular steel bearing plates notless t
11、han 25.4 mm 1 in. in thickness, machined so that theycan be arranged in pyramid fashion to ensure rigidity, andhaving diameters ranging from 152 to 762 mm 6 to 30 in.The diameters of adjacent plates in the pyramid arrangementshall not differ by more than 152 mm 6 in.NOTE 1A minimum of four different
12、 plate sizes is recommended forpavement design or evaluation purposes. For evaluation purposes alone, asingle plate may be used, provided that its area is equal to the tire-contactarea corresponding to what may be considered as the most criticalcombination of conditions of wheel load and tire pressu
13、re. For the purposeof providing data indicative of bearing index (for example, the determi-nation of relative subgrade support throughout a period of a year), a singleplate of any selected size may be used.4.4 Dial Gauges, two or more, graduated in units of 0.03mm 0.001 in. and capable of recording
14、a maximum deflectionof 25 mm 1 in. or other equivalent deflection-measuringdevices.4.5 Deflection BeamA beam upon which the dial gaugesshall be mounted. The beam shall be a 64-mm 212-in.standard black pipe or a 76 by 76 by 6-mm 3 by 3 by14-in.steel angle or equivalent. It shall be at least 5.5 m 18
15、ft longand shall rest on supports located at least 2.4 m 8 ft from the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle- Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.41 onPavement Testing and Evaluation.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Publish
16、ed August 2015. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1195 09. DOI:10.1520/D1195_D1195M-09R15.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1circumference of the bearing plate or nearest wheel or supp
17、ort-ing leg. The entire deflection measuring system shall beadequately shaded from direct rays of the sun.4.6 Miscellaneous Tools, including a spirit level, for prepa-ration of the surface to be tested and for operation of theequipment.5. Procedure5.1 Carefully center a bearing plate, of the selecte
18、ddiameter, under the jack assembly. Set the remaining plates ofsmaller diameter concentric with, and on top of, the bearingplate. Set the bearing plate level in a thin bed of a mixture ofsand and plaster of Paris, of plaster of Paris alone, or of finesand, using the least quantity of materials requi
19、red for uniformbearing. To prevent loss of moisture from the subgrade duringthe load test, cover the exposed subgrade to a distance of 1.8 m6 ft from the circumference of the bearing plate with atarpaulin or waterproof paper.5.2 Where unconfined load tests are to be made at a depthbelow the surface,
20、 remove the surrounding material to providea clearance equal to one-and-one-half plate diameters from theedge of the bearing plate. For confined tests, the diameter of theexcavated circular area shall be just sufficient to accommodatethe selected bearing plate.5.3 Use a sufficient number of dial gau
21、ges, so located andfixed in position as to indicate the average vertical movementof the bearing plate. When using two dial gauges, they shall beset near each extremity of a diameter of the bearing plate, 25.4mm 1 in. from the circumference. When three gauges areused, they shall be set at an angle of
22、 120 from each other, andequidistant from the circumference of the bearing plate. Eachindividual set of readings shall be averaged, and this value isrecorded as the average settlement reading.5.4 After the equipment has been properly arranged, andwith all of the dead load (jack, plates, and so forth
23、) acting, seatand bearing plate and assembly by the quick application andrelease of a load sufficient to produce a deflection of not lessthan 0.25 mm 0.01 in. nor more than 0.51 mm 0.02 in. asindicated by the dial gauges. When the dial needles come torest following the release of this load, reseat t
24、he plate byapplying one half of the recorded load producing the 0.25- to0.51-mm 0.01 to 0.02-in. deflection. When the dial needleshave again come to rest, set each dial accurately at its zeromark.NOTE 2The use of additional dial gauges, placed on the surface of thematerial being tested at one half,
25、one, and one and one-half, and so forth,bearing-plate diameters from the edge of the bearing plate, is optional.5.5 Apply a load giving a deflection of about 1.0 mm 0.04in., start a stop watch, and maintain the same load constantlyuntil the rate of deflection is 0.03 mm 0.001 in. per min orless for
26、3 min successively. Then completely release the load,and observe the rebound until the rate of recovery is 0.03 mm0.001 in. per min or less, for three successive minutes. Applyand release the same load in this manner six times. Record thereadings of the dial gauges resting on the bearing plate at th
27、eend of each minute; record the readings of the dial gauges setbeyond the perimeter of the bearing plate just before theapplication, and just before the release of load, for eachrepetition. To ensure good contact between the gauges and thebearing plate or other surface on which they are resting, bri
28、eflybuzz an electric bell attached to the deflection beam, 10 sbefore the dial gauges are to be read.5.6 Increase the load to give a deflection of about 5.1 mm0.2 in., and proceed as directed in 5.5.5.7 Increase the load to give a deflection of about 10.2 mm0.4 in., and proceed as directed in 5.5.5.
29、8 In all cases the standard end point shall be a rate of 0.03mm 0.001 in./min or less for 3 min successively.5.9 From a thermometer suspended near the bearing plate,read and record the air temperature at -h intervals.6. Record of Tests6.1 In addition to the continuous listing of all load,deflection,
30、 and temperature data, as prescribed in Section 5,arecord shall also be made of all associated conditions andobservations pertaining to the test, including the following:6.1.1 Date,6.1.2 Time of beginning and completion of test,6.1.3 List of personnel,6.1.4 Weather conditions,6.1.5 Any irregularity
31、in routine procedure,6.1.6 Any unusual conditions observed at the test site, and6.1.7 Any unusual observations made during the test.7. Calculation and Plotting of Load-DeflectionRelationships7.1 For each repetition of each load, determine the deflec-tion at which the rate of deflection is exactly 0.
32、03 mm 0.001in./min. This is termed end point deflection and can bedetermined with sufficient accuracy from visual inspection ofthe deflection data for each repetition of load recorded.7.2 Correct the recorded loads, as read from the pressuregauge of each hydraulic jack used, by means of the calibrat
33、ioncurve for each jack and pressure gauge used.7.3 Determine graphically the zero point corrections forboth applied load and deflection. This requires taking intoaccount the weight of the hydraulic jack, that of the pyramid ofbearing plates, and so forth, and that of the corrected jack loadsat which
34、 the dial gauges were set to zero at the beginning of thetest.7.4 Plot the corrected deflection at which the rate ofdeflection is exactly 0.03 mm 0.001 in./min versus thenumber of repetitions of each corrected load. Similar graphsmay be prepared in which corrected residual deflection andrebound defl
35、ection are plotted versus the number of repetitionsof each corrected load.8. Precision and Bias8.1 The precision and bias of this test method for makingrepetitive static plate load tests on subgrade soils and flexiblepavement components has not been determined. Soils andflexible pavement components
36、at the same location may exhibitsignificantly different load-deflection relationships. No methodD1195/D1195M 09 (2015)2presently exists to evaluate the precision of a group ofrepetitive plate load tests on soils and flexible pavementcomponents because of the variability of these materials. Thesubcom
37、mittee is seeking pertinent data from users of thismethod that may be used to develop meaningful statements ofprecision and bias.9. Keywords9.1 bearing plate; deflection; pavementsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item m
38、entionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committ
39、ee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meet
40、ing of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
41、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 09 (2015)3
