1、Designation: D1230 10 (Reapproved 2016)1D1230 17Standard Test Method forFlammability of Apparel Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThe terminology section was editorially revised in April 2016.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the flammabilit
3、y of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for or from apparelitems other than childrens sleepwear or protective clothing.1.2 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorpora
4、te all factors required for fire hazard or risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.NOTE 1This test method is not identical
5、 to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulationsrequire that clothing fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; inch-pound units are provided
6、for information only.1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations pri
7、or to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barr
8、iers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesE176D3136 Terminology of Fire StandardsRelating to Care Labeling for Apparel, Textile, Home Furnishing, and LeatherProductsD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of TextilesE176
9、Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 AATCC Test Method:3124 - 2011 Smoothness Appearance of Fabrics after Repeated Home Laundering2.3 CPSC Guidance Document:416 CFR Part 1610 Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles October 20082.4 ISO Standards5ISO 4880 Burning behaviour of textiles and texti
10、le productsISO 13943 Fire safety1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.Current edition approved April 1, 2016July 15, 2017. Published April 2016August 2017. Originally approved in 1952. La
11、st previous edition approved in 20102016 asD123010. 10 (2016)1. DOI: 10.1520/D1230-10R16E01.10.1520/D1230-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stan
12、dards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 AATCC Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.4 Available from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, www.cpsc.gov.5 Available from International Organizat
13、ion for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
14、it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
15、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 For Terminology related to the burning behavior of textiles, See TerminologyThe following terms are relevant to thisstandard: base burn, burn time, combustible D4391.textile, dry cleaning, flame application
16、 time, flame spread, flame-spread time,flame retardant, flame-retardant-treated, flammability, ignition, interlining, laundering, plain surface textile fabric, raised fibersurface, refurbish, surface flash.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: base burn, combustible textile, dry c
17、leaning, flame application time,flame spread, flame-spread time, flame retardant, flame-retardant-treated, flammability, ignition, interlining, laundering, plainsurface textile fabric, raised fiber surface, refurbish, surface flash.3.2 For terms related to burning behavior of textiles, See Terminolo
18、gy D4391.3.3 For terms related to fabric treatments and finishings, see Terminology D3136.3.4 For terms related to fabric treatments and finishings, see Terminology in the referenced AATCC test method.3.5 For terminology related to fire issues other than burning behavior of textiles, see Terminology
19、 E176 and ISO 13943. In caseof conflict, the terminology in E176 will prevail.3.6 For all other terminologyterms related to textiles, see Terminology D123. and theAmericanAssociation of Textile Chemistsand Colorists test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method provides methods of testing
20、 the flammability of textiles from or intended to be used for apparel, explainsthree classes of flammability, sets forth the requirements for classifying textiles, and warns against the use of single or multilayertextile fabrics that have burning characteristics considered by the trade to make them
21、unsuitable for apparel.4.2 Specimens cut from the textile are prepared by brushing if they have a raised fiber surface.All textiles require testing beforeand after refurbishing. Refurbishing consists of one cycle of drycleaning followed by laundering of all textiles. A specimen isinserted in a frame
22、, dried in an oven and placed in a dessicator before testing. The framed specimen is held in the flammabilitytester at an angle of 45, a standardized flame is applied to the surface near the lower end for 1 6 0.1 s, and the time required forthe flame to proceed up the fabric a distance of 127 6 0.2
23、mm (5 6 0.0190.008 in.) is recorded. Notation is made as to whetherthe base of a raised-surface fabric ignites, chars, melts, or fuses.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D1230 cannot be recommended for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments since Federal regulationsrequire apparel fabric
24、s to meet the criteria of 16 CFR Part 1610 and correlation of test results with actual performance has not beenestablished. Although Test Method D1230 is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it provides a lessexpensive and time consuming research tool than 16 CFR Part 1610.me
25、thod to test general non-regulated textile fabrics.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1230 for testing ofcommercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier shall conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical biasb
26、etween their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, the twoparties shall take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the typein question. The test specimens shall be ra
27、ndomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average resultsfrom the two laboratories shall be compared using a nonparametric test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosenby the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must
28、 be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.5.2 All fabrics made of natural or regenerated cellulose, as well as many made from other natural or man-made fibers, arecombustible. Some combustible fabrics when used for
29、 clothing are potentially dangerous to the wearer because of such factors asease of ignition, flame spread time, amount of heat released, and design of the garment. This test measures two such factors: easeof ignition and flame spread time.5.3 In order to place fabrics in one of the three flammabili
30、ty classes, arbitrary limits have been selected for time of applicationof the flame and for time of flame spread. These limits are based on extensive testing experience and are believed to be a usefulguide in judging the relative flammability of apparel textiles. It must be understood, however, that
31、 no guarantee can be given andnone is implied that garments made from a fabric or product falling into any one of the flammability classes will not be hazardousunder some conditions.5.3.1 Because of the sensitivity of fabrics to ambient atmospheric conditions, technique of specimen preparation, and
32、inherentvariability in the cloth itself, test results are not always closely reproducible either in the same laboratory or among severallaboratories.5.4 Finishes and fabric surface changes can exert a large effect on flammability. Therefore, fabrics are tested before as well asafter one cycle of dry
33、cleaning followed by laundering.5.5 This test method is not applicable to hats, gloves, footwear, or interlining fabrics.D1230 1726. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Flammability Tester, with a separate timer capable of providing flame impingement on the specimen for 1 + 0.01 s as shownin Fig. 1 or an equ
34、ivalent electrically operated tester equipped with an automatic electric timer, as described in Annex A1. Testersare normally supplied with specimen holders.6.2 Brushing Device, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 and described in Annex A1.6.3 Drycleaning MachineA commercial dry cleaning machine s
35、hall be capable of providing a complete automatic dry-to-drycycle using perchloroethylene solvent and a cationic drycleaning detergent.6.4 Laboratory Drying Oven.6.5 Desiccator,6.6 Anhydrous Silica Gel,6.7 Butane, CP.6.8 AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergent.36.9 Perchlorethylene, commercial grade
36、.6.10 Drycleaning Detergent, amine sulfonate type/(catatonic).6.11 Cotton Sewing Thread, No. 50, mercerized.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for testing, take at random the number of primary sampling units directed in an applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the purchas
37、er and the supplier. For fabric, consider rolls of fabric to be theprimary sampling units. For garments, consider shipping cartons to be the primary sampling units.FIG. 1 Sketch of Typical Flammability ApparatusD1230 173NOTE 2A realistic specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the
38、 supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenFIG. 2 Brush (SI)FIG. 3 Brush (in./lb)D1230 174primary sampling units and within primary sampling units so as to provide a sampling plan which has a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk,acceptable quality level, and limiting quality
39、level. A lot sample normally consists of a very small fraction of the total primary sampling units.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for testing, proceed as follows:7.2.1 For fabric take a full-width swatch 12 m (12 yd) long from the end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after firs
40、tdiscarding any fabric from the very outside of the roll that contains folds, creases, or any evidence of displaced weave.7.2.2 For garments, take the number of garments per shipping carton in the lot sample directed in an applicable materialspecification or other agreement between the purchaser and
41、 supplier.7.3 Test Specimens:7.3.1 Use exploratory tests as directed in to select the orientation of specimens, the face of the fabric to be tested, and the partof any pattern to be tested so as to maximize the rate of flame spread.7.3.2 For fabric, cut final test specimens from each swatch in the l
42、aboratory sample as directed in 9.1. For fabrics that can berefurbished, cut additional final test specimens from each swatch in the lot sample after the swatches have been refurbished asdirected in 9.2. Identify the specimens as coming from a swatch before or after refurbishing.7.3.3 For garments,
43、cut final test specimens from each garment in the laboratory sample as directed in 9.1. For garments thatcan be refurbished, cut additional final test specimens from each garment in the lot sample after the garments have been refurbishedas directed in 9.2. Identify the specimens as coming from a gar
44、ment before or after refurbishing.8. Preparation of Specimens8.1 Perform tests on the fabric as it will reach the consumer. Accomplish exploratory finished production fabric or fabric takenfrom the finished apparel product. Perform preliminary testing to determine the proper orientation of specimens
45、, face which sideof fabric, and which part of pattern to be tested by marking and cutting (see determine the fastest burning area.8.2) a single 50by 150 mm (2 by 6 in.) specimen for each fabric surface, direction, and pattern and testing according to Section 10.NOTE 3For fabric with a raised-fiber s
46、urface, it is usually found that the long dimension of the specimen needs to be parallel with the lay of the pile,and that flame spread is most rapid when progressing against the lay of the pile.8.1.1 Mark and cut (see 8.2) a single 50 by 150 mm (2 by 6 in.) specimen for each fabric surface, directi
47、on, and pattern andtesting according to Section 10.NOTE 3For fabric with a raised-fiber surface, it is usually found that the long dimension of the specimen needs to be parallel with the lay of the pile,and that flame spread is most rapid when progressing against the lay of the pile.8.2 Marking and
48、Cutting, General DirectionsMark out the required number of specimens (See Section 9) each 50 by 150 mm(2 by 6 in.) on the surface opposite that to be tested, with the long dimension in the direction in which burning is most rapid asestablished in the preliminary trials (See 8.1). Long dimension is t
49、he longer length of test specimen for purposes of this method.In cases where it is difficult to determine the direction of the lay of the nap, it is possible to identify it following the method statedin the CPSC Laboratory Manual: Laboratory Test Manual for 16 CFR Part 1610. Identify the end of each specimen toward which,and on the surface of which flame spread is most rapid by attaching a staple to it. Then cut specimens from the fabric. Place anyidentification markings on the side and end opposite of that to be tested.NOTE 1See Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.FIG. 4 Br
