1、Designation: D 1239 07Standard Test Method forResistance of Plastic Films to Extraction by Chemicals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1239; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method for resistance of plastic films tochemicals covers the measurement of the weight loss of filmafter immersion
3、in chemicals.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.NOTE 2Film is defined as sheeting having nominal thickness notgreater than 0.25 mm 0.010 in., in accordance with Terminology D 883.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values stated in other units
4、 are nominal valuesgiven for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regul
5、atory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD 883 Terminology Relating to Pla
6、stics3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of technical terms pertain-ing to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology D 883.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to be a rapid empirical testto determine the loss of the plasticizer or other extractablecomponents fro
7、m the plastic film when immersed in liquidscommonly used in households.5. Apparatus5.1 BalanceAn analytical balance, capable of weighing to0.0001 g.NOTE 3An analytical balance capable of weighing to 0.001 g can beused when the specimen thickness is greater than 0.05 mm 0.002 in. andthe extracted wei
8、ght loss of the specimen exceeds 0.005 g.5.2 ContainersPint jars or cans with a diameter of at least65 mm 2.5 in. (one container for each specimen).6. Materials6.1 Distilled WaterFreshly prepared distilled or deionizedwater.6.2 Soap Solution (1 %)Dissolve 12 g of dehydrated purewhite soap flakes (dr
9、ied for1hat105C) in 1200 mL ofdistilled water. This is sufficient solution to test three speci-mens.6.3 Cottonseed OilHousehold cooking grade.6.4 Mineral Oil, USPHeavy grade, sp gr 0.875 to 0.905.6.5 Kerosine.6.6 Ethyl Alcohol (50 %) as described in Test MethodD 543.6.7 Any other standard or supplem
10、entary reagent listed inTest Method D 543.7. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimens for plastic films shall be in the formof squares 50 6 0.25 mm 2 in. on each side. At least threespecimens of each sample shall be tested with each chemicalreagent.7.2 Nothing in this test method precludes the use of spe
11、ci-mens of other dimensions or the making of other tests on thesame specimens after they have been exposed to the chemicals.Another acceptable specimen is a disk 50 6 0.25 mm 2 in. indiameter (total area 41.5 cm2), or a tension specimen 100 by 25mm 4 by 1 in. as prescribed in Test Methods D 882. For
12、 suchspecimens, use a proportionate amount of chemical and con-tainer of appropriate dimensions so that the specimen can beimmersed in a completely vertical position during the test. The1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of S
13、ubcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materi-als.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 1239 98(2006)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service a
14、t serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
15、9, United States.amount of chemical used shall be approximately 8 mL/cm2,counting the area of both sides of the specimen.NOTE 4Direct comparison of values should not be made betweensamples of different thicknesses, since percentage weight loss is a functionof thickness.8. Conditioning8.1 Conditionin
16、gCondition the test specimens at23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5 % relative humidity fornot less than 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure Aof Practice D 618, for those tests where conditioning isrequired. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be61C 61.8F and 62 % relative humidity
17、.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-ods or in this test method. In cases of disagreements, thetolerances shall be 61C 61.8F and 62 % relative humid-ity.9. Procedure9.
18、1 Maintain the chemical reagent at the test temperature forat least 4 h before the specimens are immersed in it.9.2 After being weighed, immerse the specimens in theliquids, one specimen to each container. Each jar shall contain400 mL of the liquid. Suspend the specimen freely in a verticalposition
19、(Note 5), but fully covered by the liquid.NOTE 5To prevent each specimen from floating or curling, it may benecessary to attach small weights, such as paper clips.9.3 Cover the jars containing the specimens and keep at thetest temperature for the specified time. The standard conditionsof test shall
20、be 24 h at 23C. Alternative conditions suggestedare4hat23C, or either 4 or 24 h at 40C.NOTE 6The maximum weight loss by extraction is generally limitedto approximately 50 % of the plasticizer content. If, in a comparison ofmaterials, one or several samples have a weight loss greater than 15 %,tests
21、should be made on all samples at a lower temperature or for less time.9.4 Remove the specimens from the liquids and gently wipewith a soft cloth or absorbent tissue. Specimens taken fromwater or volatile solvents like acetone or gasoline require norinsing, but simply wipe dry as directed; rinse spec
22、imens testedin salt solutions, soaps, acids, or alkalis, with water beforewiping to dryness; and rinse specimens tested in nonvolatileoils with a poor but volatile solvent such as ligroine.9.5 It is realized that if the immersion chemical is notvolatile, has good adhesion to the film, and does not a
23、ttack thefilm, there may be an increase in weight of the specimen at theend of the test. Determine a weight correction by conditioninganother sample of the same film, before immersion, in the samemanner as for the standard test, but immerse the specimens inthe particular chemical for only 5 min and
24、then rinse and wipedry. Add the average percentage weight gain of this blanksample to the average percentage weight loss; if the blanksample has a weight loss by this procedure, do not make anycorrection. If a sample gains more weight than its blank, reportthe difference as a percentage weight gain.
25、10. Calculations10.1 The percentage loss in weight from extraction, ex-pressed as percentage weight loss compared to the originalspecimen weight, shall be calculated as follows:Weight loss, % 5 W12 W2!/W1# 3 100 (1)where:W1= weight of specimen after the conditioning period, andW2= weight of specimen
26、 at the end of the test.10.2 The values obtained for the three specimens for per-centage weight loss shall be averaged and this value reported asthe percentage weight loss of the sample being tested.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of material test
27、ed, includingtype, thickness, source, manufacturers code number, andprevious history,11.1.2 The length of time and temperature for each test,11.1.3 The average and range of percentage weight loss orgain for all specimens from a given sample at each testcondition, including identification of the chem
28、ical, and11.1.4 Any observation as to change in appearance of thespecimens.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Attempts to develop a precision and bias statementhave not been successful. For this reason, data on precision andbias cannot be given. Anyone wishing to participate in thedevelopment of precision a
29、nd bias data should contact theChairman, Subcommittee D20.15, ASTM, 100 Barr HarborDr., W. Conshohocken, PA 19428.13. Keywords13.1 alcohol; chemicals; extraction; film; oil; plastics; soap;waterD 1239 072SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard
30、 since the last issue(D 1239 - 98(06)e1) that may impact the use of this standard. (March 1, 2007)(1) Revised Note 1 to meet requirements of Guide D 4968.(2) Revised 5.1 to add requirements for analytical balance.(3) Added Note 3, and renumbered all subsequent notes.ASTM International takes no posit
31、ion respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibilit
32、y.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM
33、 International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address s
34、hown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1239 073
