1、Designation: D 1250 07Designation: 200/07An American National StandardStandard Guide forUse of the Petroleum Measurement Tables1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1250; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis guide discusse
3、s the use of temperature and pressure volume correction factors for generalizedcrude oils, refined products, and lubricating oils, developed jointly by ASTM International, theAmerican Petroleum Institute (API) and the Energy Institute.2The volume correction factors, in their basic form, are the outp
4、ut of a set of equations derived from,and based on, empirical data relating to the volumetric change of hydrocarbons over a range oftemperatures and pressures. Traditionally, the factors have been listed in tabular format called thePetroleum Measurement Tables (hence the appearance of this term in t
5、he title), and published as anAPI Standard/Adjunct to IP 200/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250. However, since the 1980 revision theactual standard has been a set of implementation procedures, not printed tables nor simply a set ofequations.This revised standard, API MPMS Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/
6、Adjunct to ASTMD 125004 (ADJD1250CD), establishes procedures for crude oils, liquid refined products, andlubricating oils, by which volume measurements taken at any temperature and pressure (within therange of the standard) can be corrected to an equivalent volume at base/standard conditions, normal
7、ly15C, 60F or 20C, by use of a volume correction factor (VCF). The standard, API MPMS Chapter11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 125004 (ADJD1250CD), also providesmethods for making conversions to alternate conditions from base conditions and to alternate basetemperatures. Densities can
8、be corrected by using the inverse of the VCF.See Section 5 for a list of significant changes from Guide D 125080 (provided in its entirety inAnnex A13).USAGE GUIDELINESThe revised standard, API MPMS Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTMD 125004 (ADJD1250CD), is effective upon the dat
9、e of publication and supersedes the previousedition of the standard/adjunct(s). However, due to the nature of the changes in the revisedstandard/adjunct(s), it is recognized that guidance concerning an implementation period may beneeded in order to avoid disruptions within the industry and ensure pr
10、oper application. As a result, itis recommended that the revised standard/adjunct(s) be used on all new applications no later than twoyears after the publication date (May 2004). An application for this purpose is defined as the pointwhere the calculation is applied.Once the revised standard/adjunct
11、(s) is implemented in a particular application, the previousstandard will no longer be used in that application.If an existing application complies with the previous standard/adjunct(s) (as referenced in AnnexA13), then it shall be considered in compliance with the revised standard/adjunct(s).Howeve
12、r, the use of the API MPMS Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTMD 125004 (ADJD1250CD) remains voluntary, and the decision on when to utilize a standard is anissue that is subject to the negotiations between the parties involved in the transaction.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
13、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2007 UPDATESome minor modifications to the API MPMS Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct toASTM D 125004 (ADJD1250CD) have been issued in Addendum 1-2007. These modifications tothe adjunct necessitated a realignme
14、nt with ASTM Standard Guide D 1250, hence an -07 version hasbeen approved and published.1. Scope*1.1 The API MPMS Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct toASTM D 125004 (ADJD1250CD) for tempera-ture and pressure volume correction factors for generalizedcrude oils, refined products, and lubric
15、ating oils, provides thealgorithm and implementation procedure for the correction oftemperature and pressure effects on density and volume ofliquid hydrocarbons. Natural gas liquids (NGLs) and liquefiedpetroleum gases (LPGs) are excluded from consideration. Thecombination of density and volume corre
16、ction factors for bothtemperature and pressure is collectively referred to in thestandard/adjunct(s) as a Correction for Temperature and Pres-sure of a Liquid (CTPL). The temperature portion of thiscorrection is termed the Correction for the effect of Tempera-ture on Liquid (CTL), also historically
17、known as VCF (VolumeCorrection Factor). The pressure portion is termed the Correc-tion for the effect of Pressure on Liquid (CPL).As this standardwill be applied to a variety of applications, the output param-eters specified in this standard/adjunct(s) (CTL, Fp, CPL, andCTPL) may be used as specifie
18、d in other standards.1.2 Including the pressure correction in API MPMS Chapter11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 125004(ADJD1250CD) represents an important change from the“temperature only” correction factors given in the 1980 Petro-leum Measurement Tables. However, if the pressure is o
19、neatmosphere (the standard pressure) then there is no pressurecorrection and the standard/adjunct(s) will give CTL valuesconsistent with the 1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables.1.3 API MPMS Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 125004 (ADJD1250CD) covers generalprocedures for the con
20、version of input data to generate CTL,Fp, CPL, and CTPL values at the user specified base tempera-ture and pressure (Tb, Pb). Two sets of procedures are includedfor computing volume correction factor: one set for dataexpressed in customary units (temperature in F, pressure inpsig); the other for the
21、 metric system of units (temperature inC, pressure in kPa or bar). In contrast to the 1980 PetroleumMeasurement Tables, the metric procedures require the proce-dure for customary units be used first to compute density at60F. This value is then further corrected to give the metricoutput. The metric p
22、rocedures now incorporate the basetemperature of 20C in addition to 15C.1.4 The procedures recognize three distinct commoditygroups: crude oil, refined products, and lubricating oils. Aprocedure is also provided for determining volume correctionfor special applications where the generalized commodit
23、ygroups parameters may not adequately represent the thermalexpansion properties of the liquid and a precise thermalexpansion coefficient has been determined by experiment.2. Referenced Documents2.1 API Standards:API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS):Chapter 11.12004 Temperature and Pr
24、essure Volume Cor-rection Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Prod-ucts, and Lubricating Oils (including Addendum 1-2007)4Chapter 11.2.1 Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons:090 API Gravity RangeChapter 11.2.1M Compressibility Factors for Hydrocar-bons: 6381074 Kilograms per Cubic Meter
25、Range2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 911:1992 Petroleum measurement tablesPart 1:Tables based on reference temperatures of 15C and 60FISO 912:1991 Petroleum measurement tablesPart 2:Tables based on a reference temperature of 20C2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Adjunct to ASTM D 1250: ADJD1250CDTemperatureand Pressure Volume
26、 Correction Factors for GeneralizedCrude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils53. Sponsorship3.1 The revision of the ASTM/API/IP set of implementa-tion procedures is the result of close cooperation betweenASTM International, the American Petroleum Institute (API),and the Energy Institute.2To
27、meet the objective of worldwidestandardized measurement practices, it is expected to result inthe acceptance of the revised tables by the InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO), and specificallyISO/TC 28/SC 3, as revisions to International Standards ISO911 and ISO 912.API MPMS Chapter 1
28、1.12004/Adjunct toIP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 125004 (ADJD1250CD) ap-plies to all crude oils, refined products, and lubricants previ-ously covered by Tables 5, 6, 23, 24, 53, 54, 59, and 60. The1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and theAPI
29、 Committee on Petroleum Measurement, and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D02.02/COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Committee on Static Petroleum Measurement.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally approved in 1952, replacing former D 206 and D 1090. Last previous ed
30、ition approved in 2004as D 125004.2The organization that publishes IP test methods and guides.3The 1980 edition of the Petroleum Measurement Tables may still be in use (see the Introduction and Usage Guidelines). For that reason, Guide D 125080 has beenincluded as this mandatory annex.4Available on
31、CD-ROM from API. Order Product Number H11013.5Available on CD-ROM from ASTM International Headquarters. Order AdjunctNo. ADJD1250CD.D1250072API designation for the complete set of implementation pro-cedures is the Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards(MPMS) Chapter 11 Section 1. The IP designati
32、on for thecomplete set of implementation procedures is theAdjunct to IP200.4. Significance and Use4.1 The expanded limits of API MPMS Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 125004(ADJD1250CD) are defined in a mixture of terms of customaryand metric units. Table 1 shows the defining
33、limits and theirassociated units in bold italics. Also shown in Table 1 are thelimits converted to their equivalent units (and, in the case of thedensities, other base temperatures).4.2 Note that only the precision levels of the defining valuesshown in Table 1 are correct. The other values showingco
34、nverted units have been rounded to the significant digitsshown; as rounded values, they may numerically fall justoutside of the actual limits established by the defining values.4.3 Table 2 provides a cross-reference between the histori-cal table designations and the corresponding section in APIMPMS
35、Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct toASTM D 125004 (ADJD1250CD). Note that procedure para-graphs 11.1.6.3 (U.S. customary units) and 11.1.7.3 (metricunits) provide methods for correcting on-line density measure-ments from live conditions to base conditions and then tocompute CTPL factors
36、for continuous volume corrections tobase conditions.4.4 When a glass hydrometer is used to measure the densityof a liquid, special corrections must be made to account for thethermal expansion of the glass when the temperature isdifferent from that at which the hydrometer was calibrated. The1980 CTL
37、Tables had generalized equations to correct glasshydrometer readings, and these corrections were part of theprinted odd-numbered tables. However, detailed procedures tocorrect a glass hydrometer reading are beyond the scope ofAPIMPMS Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct toASTM D 125004 (ADJ
38、D1250CD). The user should refer tothe appropriate sections of API MPMS Chapter 9 or otherappropriate density/hydrometer standards for guidance.4.5 The set of correlations given in API MPMS Chapter11.12004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 125004(ADJD1250CD) is intended for use with petroleum fl
39、uidscomprising either crude oils, refined products, or lubricatingoils that are single-phase liquids under normal operatingconditions. The liquid classifications listed here are typicalterms used in the industry, but local nomenclature may vary.The list is illustrative and is not meant to be all-inc
40、lusive.4.6 Crude OilsA crude oil is considered to conform to thecommodity group Generalized Crude Oils if its density falls inthe range between approximately 10API to 100API. Crudeoils that have been stabilized for transportation or storagepurposes and whose API gravities lie within that range areco
41、nsidered to be part of the Crude Oil group. Also, aviation jetB (JP-4) is best represented by the Crude Oil correlation.4.7 Refined ProductsA refined product is considered toconform to the commodity group of Generalized RefinedProducts if the fluid falls within one of the refined productgroups. Note
42、 the product descriptors are generalizations. Thecommercial specification ranges of some products may placetheir densities partly within an adjacent class (for example, alow density diesel may lie in the jet fuel class). In such cases,the product should be allocated to the class appropriate to itsde
43、nsity, not its descriptor. The groups are defined as follows:4.7.1 GasolineMotor gasoline and unfinished gasolineblending stock with a base density range between approxi-mately 50API and 85API. This group includes substanceswith the commercial identification of: premium gasoline,unleaded gasoline, m
44、otor spirit, clear gasoline, low lead gas,TABLE 1 Range LimitsAPhysical Units Crude Oil Refined Products Lubricating OilsDensity, kg/m3 60F 610.6 to 1163.5 610.6 to 1163.5 800.9 to 1163.5Relative Density 60F 0.61120 to 1.16464 0.61120 to 1.16464 0.80168 to 1.1646API Gravity 60F 100.0 to -10.0 100.0
45、to -10.0 45.0 to -10.0Density, kg/m3 15C 611.16 to 1163.79 611.16 to 1163.86 801.25 to 1163.85Density, kg/m3 20C 606.12 to 1161.15 606.12 to 1160.62 798.11 to 1160.71Temperature, C 50.00 to 150.00 50.00 to 150.00 50.00 to 150.00Temperature, F 58.0 to 302.0 58.0 to 302.0 58.0 to 302.0Pressure, psig 0
46、 to 1500 0 to 1500 0 to 1500kPa (gage) 0 to 1.034 3 1040to1.0343 1040to1.0343 104bar (gage) 0 to 103.4 0 to 103.4 0 to 103.4a60, per F 230.0 3 10-6to 930.0 3 10-6230.0 3 10-6to 930.0 3 10-6230.0 3 10-6to 930.0 3 10-6a60, per C 414.0 3 10-6to 1674.0 3 10-6414.0 3 10-6to 1674.0 3 10-6414.0 3 10-6to 16
47、74.0 3 10-6ADefining limits and their associated units appear in bold italics.TABLE 2 Historical Table Cross-ReferenceHistorical Table Designation Procedure Paragraph in Current Standard Historical Table Designation Procedure Paragraph in Current Standard5 A, B IP 200; ANSI/ASTM D 1250), and laterin
48、 their 20C tables. The implementation procedures are nowincorporated in API MPMS Chapter 11.12004/Adjunct to IP200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 125004 (ADJD1250CD).5.5 Rounding of density in metric tables changed from0.5 kg/m3to 0.1 kg/m3to improve discrimination.5.6 To satisfy industry needs, the tables ha
49、ve been extendedto lower temperatures and higher densities (that is, lower APIgravities).5.7 Real-time density measurement using density metershas become more prevalent in the industry. These densitymeasurements are often made at pressures greater than atmo-spheric. This pressure effect must be taken into accountsimultaneously with any temperature effect when determiningthe density at standard conditions. Hence, pressure and tem-perature corrections have been combined into one procedure.5.8 Rounding and t
