1、Designation: D 1280 00 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Guide forTotal Immersion Corrosion Test for Soak Tank MetalCleaners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers determination of the corrosive effectsof soak tank metal cleaners on all metals other than al
3、uminumand its alloys, under conditions of total immersion, by quanti-tative measurement of weight change or by qualitative visualdetermination of change. The test determines the effects of thecleaner on metals being cleaned, and does not determine thelife of the cleaner or of the containing equipmen
4、t.1.2 When the test is used to assist in the choice of materialfor a specific use, the test conditions should simulate theconditions of use as closely as practicable.1.3 Where no further processing subsequent to cleaning isindicated, a test for the effect of residual cleaner on thecorrosion behavior
5、 of the material may be required.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
6、ions prior to use. Material SafetyData Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Reviewthem for hazards prior to usage.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 930 Test Method of Total Immersion Corrosion Test ofWater-Soluble Aluminum Cleaners (Discontinued 2001)33. Significance and Use3.
7、1 This guide is used to distinguish soak tank metalcleaners that are excessively corrosive to metals (other thanaluminum and its alloys which are covered by Method D 930).The users will define the degree of corrosion consideredexcessive, in terms of weight loss per unit of surface area or interms of
8、 changes in appearance, or both.4. Apparatus4.1 Test Tubes, of a suitable material 38 mm in diameter by300 mm in length, having a capacity of about 300 mL. Thetubes shall be chosen so that the specimens will remain fullyimmersed during the test, and the ratio of area of immersedmetal to the volume o
9、f solution will be prescribed in 7.1, withsufficient space provided for foam formation.4.2 Condensers, Allihn-type, having jackets 200 to 250 mmin length, except that condensers will not be required for testsrun at room temperature.4.3 Stoppers or JointsThe connection between test tubeand condenser
10、optionally may be either standard-taper joints orrubber stoppers preboiled in aqueous caustic soda to removefree sulfur, and boiled in a sufficient number of changes ofdistilled water until neutral.4.4 Constant-Temperature DeviceAny suitable meansmay be employed for maintaining the solutions activel
11、y at theboiling point for tests conducted at that temperature. For testsmade at other temperatures, a suitable constant-temperaturebath shall be provided to maintain the required temperaturewithin 62F (1C). For control testing at room temperature, itis suggested that the solution be maintained at 95
12、 6 2F (35 61C), which, being slightly above most room temperatures, iseasy to maintain by heat input.4.5 Coating Apparatus, shall be provided suitable for pro-ducing a uniform film of cleaner on the surface of the testspecimen, for testing the effects of residual cleaner on thesurfaces of cleaned me
13、tals (Section 10).4.6 Humidity Chamber, for exposing the contaminatedspecimens at 90 % relative humidity as specified in 10.1.3.5. Test Specimens5.1 The test specimens shall be identical in composition,metallurgy, and surface finishing, with the conditions of themetal at the stage where cleaning wil
14、l be applied in practice.The specimens shall have an area between 0.300 and 0.375dm2, and a length not to exceed 200 mm. (A specimen 18 by85 by 1 mm in thickness would have an area of 0.327 dm2.) Atleast two, and preferably four, replicates shall be tested in each1This guide is under the jurisdictio
15、n of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps andOther Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.16 on HardSurface Cleaning.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1280 00.2For referenced ASTM sta
16、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
17、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.concentration of cleaner solution prescribed in 7.2. The numberof replicates under test shall be recorded.6. Precleaning Test Specimens6.1 Make ready the following pre-cleaning materials forremoval of soil present on the metal surface prior to corrosiontestin
18、g:6.1.1 Place 200 mL of trichloroethylene in a 250-mL beakerand maintain at room temperature.6.1.2 Prepare a vapor degreasing bath by heating 150 to 200mL of trichloroethylene in a 1-L beaker, the degree ofvaporization being controlled to permit vapor degreasing of thespecimens when held in the beak
19、er; or, alternatively, fill a washbottle containing either of these solvents at room temperature.6.1.3 Maintain a 250-mL beaker of either anhydrous metha-nol or isopropanol at 122F (50C).6.1.4 Maintain a 250-mL beaker of distilled water at 122F(50C).6.1.5 Maintain a 250-mL beaker of redistilled acet
20、one atroom temperature.6.1.6 Place a small swab of fresh absorbent cotton in each ofthe beakers (6.1.1-6.1.5).6.2 Immediately prior to their use in the test, clean the testspecimens as follows:6.2.1 Immerse the test specimens in the beaker of trichlo-roethylene (6.1.1) and immediately swab the surfa
21、ces of theindividual specimens thoroughly, using clean forceps to holdboth the cotton swab and the test specimen.6.2.2 Shake off excess solvent and either transfer the speci-men to the vapor degreasing bath (6.1.2) long enough toobserve the vapor completely covering and condensing on thespecimen, or
22、 thoroughly wash the specimen with a stream offresh solvent from the wash bottle.6.2.3 Swab the specimens separately in the beaker ofalcohol (6.1.3) and shake free from excess alcohol.6.2.4 Transfer the specimens to the beaker of distilled water(6.1.4). Swab carefully and shake free from excess wate
23、r.6.2.5 Immerse the specimens separately several times in thebeaker of acetone (6.1.5), and shake free from acetone.6.2.6 If the specimens are to be weighed, dry in a vacuumdesiccator or in a low-temperature oven at 100F (37.7C).7. Test Conditions7.1 Ratio of Area of Immersed Metal to Volume ofSolut
24、ionThe ratio of the area of the immersed metal to thevolume of solution shall be less than 1.5 dm2/L of solution. (Aspecimen 18 by 85 by 1 mm in thickness would require 220 mLof solution, and a specimen having an area of 0.375 dm2wouldrequire 250 mL of solution.) Use fresh solution for each set ofre
25、plicates and record the ratio used.7.2 Solution Concentration:7.2.1 In the absence of the manufacturers recommenda-tions, test the specimens in solutions of the cleaner of concen-trations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 weight % made up fromstock solutions which shall be freshly prepared in 2000-gqu
26、antities. Boil the solutions for 30 min unless otherwisespecified. In case the cleaner is not soluble to the extent notedin the stock solutions indicated, record this fact, but neverthe-less continue the test with the specified total amounts of cleanerpresent in the test tubes. A blank test of eithe
27、r two or fourreplicates shall be made in freshly boiled distilled water.7.2.2 When the manufacturers recommendations are avail-able, make the test at the following relative concentrations(based on the average concentrations suggested), recording thepercentages these represent: (1) one half the conce
28、ntrationrecommended, ( 2) the concentration recommended, and (3)twice the concentration recommended. Make a blank test ofeither two or four replicates in freshly boiled distilled water,submitting them otherwise to exactly the same procedurefollowed for the specimens immersed in cleaner solution.7.3
29、WaterThe water used in preparing the water-solublecleaner solutions shall be freshly boiled distilled water.7.4 Temperature In the absence of manufacturers recom-mendations, make the test at the boiling point of the solution.With available recommendations, make the test at 206 2F (116 1C) below and
30、20 6 2F (11 6 1C) above the averagerecommended temperature, or at the boiling point of thesolution if it is lower. Record the temperature of the test in anycase.8. Procedure for Quantitative Weight Loss Test8.1 Weigh the cleaned dry test specimens to the nearest0.001 g.8.2 Transfer the specimens ind
31、ividually to test tubes con-taining the preheated cleaner solutions, using only one speci-men per tube. Attach the tubes to reflux condensers andmaintain at the required temperature, adding a small piece ofunglazed porcelain to prevent bumping. Expose for a period of2 h. Other exposure periods may a
32、lso be observed whereappropriate.8.3 Remove the strips at the end of the exposure period andproceed as follows:8.3.1 Hold the specimen in forceps and rinse thoroughly ina 1-L beaker into which tap water is flowing rapidly.8.3.2 Rinse thoroughly in distilled water at room tempera-ture.8.3.3 Rinse wit
33、h a stream of acetone from a wash bottle.Shake free from acetone and dry.8.3.4 Examine for, and record any of the following visiblechanges in comparison with the original uncleaned specimen:(1) discoloration, (2) dulling, (3) etching, (4) presence ofaccretions and relative amounts and areas, (5) typ
34、es ofpittingwide, medium, or narrow, and (6) presence of selec-tive or localized attack.8.3.5 Remove corrosion products. (Methods of removal ofcorrosion products from different metals are given inAppendixX1 and Appendix X2.)8.3.6 Rinse and dry as indicated in 8.3.2 and 8.3.3.8.3.7 Weigh to the neare
35、st 0.001 g.9. Procedure for Qualitative Surface Corrosion Test9.1 Proceed as for the quantitative weight loss test, exceptomit drying and weighing the specimens before the test, anddispense with the removal of corrosion products unless thecorrosion is severe enough to obscure observation.D 1280 00 (
36、2007)210. Procedure for Residual-Cleaner Corrosion Test10.1 Where it is desired to determine the effect of residualcleaner on the corrosion behavior of the materials tested, makethe following test:10.1.1 Immerse clean test panels in solutions of the cleanerof the following concentrations and tempera
37、tures, allowing thepanels to come to the temperature of the solution, and thenslowly withdrawing them by a suitable apparatus such as aFisher-Payne Dip Coater in such a manner as to leave a thinuniform coating of cleaner on the surface of the specimen:10.1.1.1 The concentration of the test solution
38、shall be onetenth the concentration recommended by the manufacturer, or0.5 weight % when no concentration is recommended.10.1.1.2 The temperature of the solution shall be thatrecommended by the manufacturer or, in the absence of anyrecommendation, the boiling point of the solution.10.1.2 Dry specime
39、ns at a moderate temperature (about212F (100C).10.1.3 Expose the dried specimens to 90 % relative humid-ity at 95F (35C) for one week.10.1.4 Treat the specimens as indicated in 8.3.4-8.3.7.11. Report11.1 Quantitative Weight Loss TestReport the followingdata for each test performed:11.1.1 Temperature
40、,11.1.2 Specimens, size and number,11.1.3 Cleaner concentrations,11.1.4 Metal, alloy, surface treatment, and metallurgicalstate,11.1.5 Ratio of surface area to volume of solution,11.1.6 Type of cleaner and other conditions of test peculiarto type,11.1.7 Weight loss in milligrams per square decimetre
41、 hour,11.1.8 Range in weight loss values, and11.1.9 Appearance before and after removal of corrosionproducts with regard to the following: (1) discoloration, (2)dulling, (3) etching, (4) presence of accretions and relativeamounts and areas, (5) type of pittingwide, medium, ornarrow, and (6) presence
42、 of selective or localized attack.11.2 Qualitative Surface Corrosion TestReport the sameinformation as for the quantitative weight loss test (11.1),except to omit 11.1.7 and 11.1.8.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Since the conditions for testing are to be selected bythe user, and therefore vary, no preci
43、sion or bias data have beenobtained.APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. TEST METHOD FOR ELECTROLYTIC CLEANING OF CORROSION TEST SPECIMENS AFTER EXPOSUREX1.1 After scrubbing to remove loosely attached corrosionproducts, treat the specimen as a cathode in hot, dilute sulfuricacid under the followi
44、ng conditions:Test solutionInhibitorsulfuric acid (5 weight %)2 mL organic inhibitor per litre of solutionAnode carbonCathode test specimenCathode current density 20 A/dm2(6.5 A/0.327 dm2)TemperatureExposure period165F (74C)3minX1.2 After the electrolytic treatment, scrub the specimens,while wet, wi
45、th a stiff bristle brush. The weight losses ofspecimens 0.5 dm2in area, treated by the test method de-scribed, have been found to be of the order shown in Table 1.X1.3 It should be noted that this electrolytic treatment mayresult in the redeposition of adherent metal from reduciblecorrosion products
46、, and thus lower the apparent weight loss.However, general experience has indicated that in most casesof corrosion in liquids the possible errors from this source arenot likely to be serious. Instead of using 2 mL of anyproprietary inhibitor, about 0.5 g/L of such inhibitors asdiorthotolyl thiourea,
47、 quinoline ethiodide, or betanaphtholquinoline may be used.TABLE 1 Weight Losses of 0.5 dm2Specimens Subjected toElectrolytic Cleaning TreatmentMaterial Total Weight Loss, gCopper-nickel-zinc (75-20-5) 0.0000Brass (admiralty) 0.0001Brass (red) 0.0000Brass (yellow) 0.0002Bronze (phosphor, 5 percent t
48、in) 0.0000Bronze (silicon) 0.0002Bronze (case) (85-5-5-5) 0.0010Copper 0.0001Copper-nickel (70-30) 0.0000Iron and steel 0.0003Nickel-molybdenum-iron (60-20-20) 0.0004Nickel-chromium-iron (80-13-7) 0.0000Lead (chemical) 0.0030Nickel-copper (70-30) 0.0000Nickel 0.0011Stainless steel 0.0000Tin 0.0003Ma
49、gnesium and zinc too high to be usefulD 1280 00 (2007)3X2. CHEMICAL TEST METHODS FOR CLEANING CORRODED SPECIMENS WITHOUT USE OF ELECTRIC CURRENTX2.1 Copper and Nickel AlloysDip for 2 to 3 min inhydrochloric acid (1 + 1) or sulfuric acid (1 + 10) at roomtemperature. Scrub with a bristle brush under running water,and dry.X2.2 Tin AlloysDip for 10 min in boiling trisodiumphosphate solution (15 weight %) prepared from materialconforming to Specification D 538, Trisodium Phosphate.Scrub with a bristle brush under running water, and dry.X2.3 Lead Alloys
